在Windwos上使用命令窗口操作MySQL数据库时，如果命令窗口的字符编码与数据库不一致时，就会出现中文乱码的情况

比如查询会出现中文乱码，或者插入数据会出现错误“ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xD5\xC5\xC8\xFD' for column 'name' at row 1”

mysql> insert into user(name,gender,age) values('张三','男',22);

ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xD5\xC5\xC8\xFD' for column 'name' at row 1

mysql> select * from user;

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

| id | name | gender | age | updated_time |

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

| 1 | zhangsan | M | 22 | 2018-10-31 17:03:25 |

| 2 | 寮犱笁 | 鐢? | 22 | 2018-11-01 09:01:43 |

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这时可以先查看下环境编码配置，我的是utf8，结果是下面这样

mysql> show variables like 'char%';

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\share\charsets\ |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看windwos命令窗口的的属性可知，编码格式为GBK且不能更改

这时我们可以使用“set names gbk;”来指定客户端发送给mysql语句时的编码格式，并且可以看到client、connection、results三个变量的编码格式变为了gbk，其它的没有变化

mysql> set names gbk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'char%';

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

| character_set_client | gbk |

| character_set_connection | gbk |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | gbk |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\share\charsets\ |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

再次执行下插入操作没问题了，查询数据中文也不会乱码了

mysql> insert into user(name,gender,age) values('张三','男',22);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from user;

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

| id | name | gender | age | updated_time |

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

| 1 | zhangsan | M | 22 | 2018-10-31 17:03:25 |

| 2 | 张三 | 男 | 22 | 2018-11-01 09:01:43 |

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)