过年回家，都会约上亲朋好友聚聚会，会上经常会打麻将，斗地主，斗牛。在这些游戏中，斗牛是最受欢迎的，因为可以很多人一起玩，而且没有技术含量，都是看运气(专业术语是概率)。

斗牛的玩法是：

1、把牌中的JQK都拿出来

2、每个人发5张牌

3、如果5张牌中任意三张加在一起是10的 倍数，就是有牛。剩下两张牌的和的10的余数就是牛数。

牌的大小：

4条 > 3条 > 牛十 > 牛九 > …… > 牛一 >没有牛

而这些牌出现的概率是有多少呢？

由于只有四十张牌，所以采用了既简单，又有效率的方法枚举来计算。

计算的结果：

所有牌的组合数：658008

出现四条的组合数:360,概率 :0.05%

出现三条的组合数:25200,概率 :3.83%

出现牛十的组合数:42432,概率 :6.45%

出现牛九或牛八的组合数:87296,概率 :13.27%

出现牛一到牛七的组合数:306112,概率 :46.52%

出现没有牛的组合数:196608,概率 :29.88%

所以有七成的概率是有牛或以上的，所以如果你经常遇到没有牛，说明你的运气非常差或者本来是有牛的，但是你没有找出来。

Python源代码：

# encoding=utf-8

__author__ = 'kevinlu1010@qq.com'

import os

import cPickle

from copy import copy

from collections import Counter

import itertools

'''

计算斗牛游戏的概率

'''

class Poker():

'''

一张牌

'''

def __init__(self, num, type):

self.num = num # 牌数

self.type = type # 花色

class GamePoker():

'''

一手牌，即5张Poker

'''

COMMON_NIU = 1 # 普通的牛，即牛一-牛七

NO_NIU = 0 # 没有牛

EIGHT_NINE_NIU = 2 # 牛九或牛八

TEN_NIU = 3 # 牛十

THREE_SAME = 4 # 三条

FOUR_SAME = 5 # 四条

def __init__(self, pokers):

assert len(pokers) == 5

self.pokers = pokers

self.num_pokers = [p.num for p in self.pokers]

# self.weight = None # 牌的权重，权重大的牌胜

# self.money_weight = None # 如果该牌赢，赢钱的权重

self.result = self.sumary()

def is_niu(self):

'''

是否有牛

:return:

'''

# if self.is_three_same():

# return 0

for three in itertools.combinations(self.num_pokers, 3):

if sum(three) % 10 == 0:

left = copy(self.num_pokers)

for item in three:

left.remove(item)

point = sum(left) % 10

return 10 if point == 0 else point

return 0

def is_three_same(self):

'''

是否3条

:return:

'''

# if self.is_four_same():

# return 0

count = Counter([p.num for p in self.pokers])

for num in count:

if count[num] == 3:

return num

return 0

def is_four_same(self):

'''

是否4条

:return:

'''

count = Counter([p.num for p in self.pokers])

for num in count:

if count[num] == 4:

return num

return 0

def sumary(self):

'''

计算牌

'''

if self.is_four_same():

return GamePoker.FOUR_SAME

if self.is_three_same():

return GamePoker.THREE_SAME

niu_point = self.is_niu()

if niu_point in (8, 9):

return GamePoker.EIGHT_NINE_NIU

elif niu_point == 10:

return GamePoker.TEN_NIU

elif niu_point > 0:

return GamePoker.COMMON_NIU

else:

return GamePoker.NO_NIU

def get_all_pokers():

'''

生成所有的Poker，共四十个

:return:

'''

pokers = []

for i in range(1, 11):

for j in ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D'):

pokers.append(Poker(i, j))

return pokers

def get_all_game_poker(is_new=0):

'''

生成所有game_poker

:param pokers:

:return:

'''

pokers = get_all_pokers()

game_pokers = []

if not is_new and os.path.exists('game_pokers'):

with open('game_pokers', 'r') as f:

return cPickle.loads(f.read())

for pokers in itertools.combinations(pokers, 5): # 5代表五张牌

game_pokers.append(GamePoker(pokers))

with open('game_pokers', 'w') as f:

f.write(cPickle.dumps(game_pokers))

return game_pokers

def print_rate(game_pokers):

total_num = float(len(game_pokers))

four_num = len([game_poker for game_poker in game_pokers if game_poker.result == GamePoker.FOUR_SAME])

three_num = len([game_poker for game_poker in game_pokers if game_poker.result == GamePoker.THREE_SAME])

ten_num = len([game_poker for game_poker in game_pokers if game_poker.result == GamePoker.TEN_NIU])

eight_nine_num = len([game_poker for game_poker in game_pokers if game_poker.result == GamePoker.EIGHT_NINE_NIU])

common_num = len([game_poker for game_poker in game_pokers if game_poker.result == GamePoker.COMMON_NIU])

no_num = len([game_poker for game_poker in game_pokers if game_poker.result == GamePoker.NO_NIU])

print '所有牌的组合数：%d' % total_num

print '出现四条的组合数:%d,概率 :%.2f%%' % (four_num, four_num * 100 / total_num)

print '出现三条的组合数:%d,概率 :%.2f%%' % (three_num, three_num * 100 / total_num)

print '出现牛十的组合数:%d,概率 :%.2f%%' % (ten_num, ten_num * 100 / total_num)

print '出现牛九或牛八的组合数:%d,概率 :%.2f%%' % (eight_nine_num, eight_nine_num * 100 / total_num)

print '出现牛一到牛七的组合数:%d,概率 :%.2f%%' % (common_num, common_num * 100 / total_num)

print '出现没有牛的组合数:%d,概率 :%.2f%%' % (no_num, no_num * 100 / total_num)

def main():

game_pokers = get_all_game_poker() # 658008种

print_rate(game_pokers)

main()

以上就是Python计算斗牛游戏的概率相关内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。