[postgres@drz ~]$  pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql/data/ start
server starting
[postgres@drz ~]$ LOG:  unrecognized configuration parameter "dynamic_shared_memory_type" in file "/opt/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf" line 127
FATAL:  configuration file "/opt/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf" contains errors

#给启动命令加上绝对路径，问题得到解决
[postgres@drz ~]$ /opt/postgresql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql/data/ start
server starting
[postgres@drz ~]$ LOG:  database system was shut down at 2017-08-11 11:22:34 CST
LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
LOG:  autovacuum launcher started#如果输入绝对路径启动时像我一样出现gmon.out文件权限问题
[postgres@drz ~]$ /opt/postgresql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql/data/ start
_mcleanup: gmon.out: Permission denied
server starting
_mcleanup: gmon.out: Permission denied
[postgres@drz ~]$ LOG:  database system was shut down at 2017-08-11 11:22:55 CST
LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
LOG:  autovacuum launcher started  #则要修改gmon.out文件的权限
[postgres@drz ~]$ chmod 777 /home/postgres/gprof/27265/gmon.out#关闭数据库
[postgres@drz ~]$ /opt/postgresql/bin/pg_ctl stop -D /opt/postgresql/data/#再次启动数据库
[postgres@drz ~]$ /opt/postgresql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql/data/ start
server starting
[postgres@drz ~]$ LOG:  database system was shut down at 2017-08-11 11:30:30 CST
LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
LOG:  autovacuum launcher started