RedHat/CentOS ext4无法格式化大分区问题解决

发布者：发布时间：2014-12-25来源：

一般情况下，XFS出现丢数据的情况为海量小文件IO场景。在该场景下，inode占用教大。

通过上文的方式进行格式化，inode数量较小。通过大量测试，可以使用如下方法提升mkfs.ext4后文件系统性能。

方法主要内容：在/etc/mke2fs.conf文件，ext4配置中去开启64位功能。

[root@node21 ~]# cat /etc/mke2fs.conf

[defaults]

base_features = sparse_super,filetype,resize_inode,dir_index,ext_attr

blocksize = 4096

inode_size = 256

inode_ratio = 16384

[fs_types]

ext3 = {

features = has_journal

}

ext4 = {

features = has_journal,extent,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize

auto_64-bit_support = 1      ###新增加行，告诉系统使用64位方式进行格式化。避免mkfs.ext4直接报错。

inode_size = 256

}

ext4dev = {

features = has_journal,extent,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize

inode_size = 256

options = test_fs=1

}

small = {

blocksize = 1024

inode_size = 128

inode_ratio = 4096

}

floppy = {

blocksize = 1024

inode_size = 128

inode_ratio = 8192

}

news = {

inode_ratio = 4096

}

largefile = {

inode_ratio = 1048576

blocksize = -1

}

largefile4 = {

inode_ratio = 4194304

blocksize = -1

}

hurd = {

blocksize = 4096

inode_size = 128

}

[root@node21 ~]#

[root@node21 ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3            259G  29G  217G  12% /

tmpfs                  16G    0  16G  0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1            194M  34M  151M  19% /boot

/dev/sdf1              39T  21T  18T  54% /mnt/source

/dev/md127            5.4T  1.8T  3.4T  35% /public

/dev/sdg1              22T  42G  21T  1% /mnt/public_back

[root@node21 ~]# df -i

Filesystem            Inodes  IUsed  IFree IUse% Mounted on

/dev/sda3            17195008  383263 16811745    3% /

tmpfs                4106354      1 4106353    1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1              51200      41  51159    1% /boot

/dev/sdf1            8203124224 34192419 8168931805    1% /mnt/source      ###XFS文件系统，40T容量。

/dev/md127          366288896 2338559 363950337    1% /public

/dev/sdg1            1464844288    295 1464843993    1% /mnt/public_back  ###ext4文件系统，22T容量。

红帽/CentOS 6.5的e2fsprogs版本为1.41.12较低，无法创建16TB以上的文件系统。

下载最新的e2fsprogs，编译安装

ftp://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/

tar zxvf e2fsprogs-1.42.10.tar.gz

cd e2fsprogs-1.42.10

mkdir build

cd build/

../configure

make

make install

mke2fs -O 64bit,has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize -i 4194304 /dev/sda1

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

常见故障表现：

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/

mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1,

missing codepage or helper program, or other error

In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try

dmesg | tail  or so

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

mkfs.ext4: Size of device /dev/sda1 too big to be expressed in 32 bits

using a blocksize of 4096.

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 8192

Warning: blocksize 8192 not usable on most systems.

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

mkfs.ext4: 8192-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096)

Proceed anyway? (y,n) y

Warning: 8192-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096), forced to continue

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=8192 (log=3)

Fragment size=8192 (log=3)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1464926208 inodes, 2929459075 blocks

146472953 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4311218176

44706 block groups

65528 blocks per group, 65528 fragments per group

32768 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

65528, 196584, 327640, 458696, 589752, 1638200, 1769256, 3210872,

5307768, 8191000, 15923304, 22476104, 40955000, 47769912, 143309736,

157332728, 204775000, 429929208, 1023875000, 1101329096, 1289787624