一、目的

文件的存储与导出java对象，文件格式包括xml、txt、xlxs三种文件格式

二、准备

Student 类

/*** 学生的信息（学号、姓名、电话、邮箱信息）** @ClassName Student* @Description TODO* @Author Mr_X* @Date 2022/5/6 8:07* @Version 1.0*/
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlRootElement(name = "Student")
@XmlType(propOrder = {"sno","name","phone","email",
})
public class Student implements Serializable, Comparable<Student> {private String sno;private String name;private String phone;private String email;public Student() {}public Student(String sno, String name, String phone, String email) {this.sno = sno;this.name = name;this.phone = phone;this.email = email;}public String getSno() {return sno;}public void setSno(String sno) {this.sno = sno;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getPhone() {return phone;}public void setPhone(String phone) {this.phone = phone;}public String getEmail() {return email;}public void setEmail(String email) {this.email = email;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return String.format("%-10s%-15s%-25s%-15s",sno,name,phone,email);}/*** 学号是判断对象是否相等的唯一依据，学号是主键，equal方法不应该与compareTo方法产生歧义** @description:* @param: o* @return: boolean* @author MR_X* @date: 17:13 2022/5/6*/@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object o) {if (this == o) return true;if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;Student student = (Student) o;return sno != null ? sno.equals(student.sno) : student.sno == null;}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {int result = sno != null ? sno.hashCode() : 0;result = 31 * result + (name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0);result = 31 * result + (phone != null ? phone.hashCode() : 0);result = 31 * result + (email != null ? email.hashCode() : 0);return result;}/*** 重写比较方法，便于排序，按照学号** @description:* @param: o* @return: int* @author* @date: 17:16 2022/5/6*/@Overridepublic int compareTo(Student o) {return sno.compareTo(o.sno);}
}

School类

/*** @ClassName School* @Description TODO* @Author Mr_X* @Date 2022/5/6 8:49* @Version 1.0*/
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlRootElement(name = "School")
@XmlType(propOrder = {"students"})
public class School implements Serializable {private Set<Student> students = new TreeSet<>();public School() {}public School(Set<Student> students) {this.students = students;}public Set<Student> getStudents() {return students;}public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {this.students = students;}}

三、实现

3.1、 java对象与xml文件

详情请参考–>：玩转Java对象和XML相互转换

工具类

public class XmlStorageUtils {/*** 将对象存储到xml文件之中，形参传入路径s** @description:* @param: obj path* @return: void* @author* @date: 8:17 2022/5/6*/public static void convertToXml(Object obj, String path) {try {// 利用jdk中自带的转换类实现JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(obj.getClass());Marshaller marshaller = context.createMarshaller();// 格式化xml输出的格式marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT,Boolean.TRUE);// 将对象转换成输出流形式的xml// 创建输出流FileWriter fw = null;try {fw = new FileWriter(path);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}marshaller.marshal(obj, fw);} catch (JAXBException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 将file类型的xml转换成对象** @description:* @param: clazz xmlPath* @return: java.lang.Object* @author* @date: 8:20 2022/5/6*/public static Object convertXmlFileToObject(Class clazz, String xmlPath) {Object xmlObject = null;try {JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(clazz);Unmarshaller unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller();FileReader fr = null;try {fr = new FileReader(xmlPath);} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}xmlObject = unmarshaller.unmarshal(fr);} catch (JAXBException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return xmlObject;}}

测试存进xml类

public class TreeSetTest {public static void main(String[] args) {TreeSet<Student> set = new TreeSet<Student>();Student student = new Student("001", "sandy", "1238127824", "sandy@163.com");Student student1 = new Student("002", "tom", "1238113855", "tom@qq.com");Student student2 = new Student("003", "amy", "1238437827", "amy@qq.com");Student student3 = new Student("004", "jack", "1228127824", "jack@qq.com");Student student4 = new Student("005", "eric", "1238127567", "eric@qq.com");Student student5 = new Student("006", "hello", "1238127567", "hello@qq.com");Student student6 = new Student("007", "who", "1238127567", "who@qq.com");Student student7 = new Student("008", "are", "1238345567", "are@qq.com");Student student8 = new Student("009", "you", "1238127567", "you@qq.com");Student student9 = new Student("010", "there", "1238127447", "there@qq.com");Student studentA = new Student("011", "are", "1238127227", "are@qq.com");Student studentB = new Student("012", "fried", "1038127567", "fried@qq.com");Student studentC = new Student("013", "mike", "1238155567", "mike@qq.com");Student studentD = new Student("014", "then", "1231234567", "then@qq.com");Student studentE = new Student("015", "louse", "1245237567", "louse@qq.com");Student studentF = new Student("016", "jerry", "1333127567", "jerry@qq.com");Student studentG = new Student("017", "petter", "1998127567", "petter@qq.com");Student studentH = new Student("018", "grey", "1668127567", "grey@qq.com");Student studentI = new Student("019", "yell", "1238127999", "yell@qq.com");set.add(student);set.add(student1);set.add(student2);set.add(student3);set.add(student4);set.add(student5);set.add(student6);set.add(student7);set.add(student8);set.add(student9);set.add(studentA);set.add(studentB);set.add(studentC);set.add(studentD);set.add(studentE);set.add(studentF);set.add(studentG);set.add(studentH);set.add(studentI);School school = new School(set);//如果希望存进src文件夹下，可以代码中这样写，当然你也可以直接输入 String path = 指定的绝对路径;String path = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("question_1/resource").getPath() + "/students.xml";XmlStorageUtils.convertToXml(school, path);}
}

写入文件展示

测试读取文件类

public class TreeSetTest {public static void main(String[] args) {//String path = 写绝对路径也行String path = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("question_1/resource").getPath() + "/students.xml";//强转一下School school = (School) XmlStorageUtils.convertXmlFileToObject(School.class, path);//lambda表达式school.getStudents().forEach(System.out::println);}
}

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-CNABVht0-1652107247454)(https://wx1.sinaimg.cn/mw2000/008rcJvVly1h22gx5fp3wj31fy0sy1ay.jpg)]

3.2、java对象与xlxs即Excel文件

参考视频学习：

Java教程使用POI读取excel文档_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

3.2.1、导入jar包

官网下载：Apache POI - the Java API for Microsoft Documents
（推荐）百度网盘

poi的jar包链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qKAzA9xGvJP6HI-YoKkA4A
提取码:26kj

解压得到的jar包添加到库，省得去配置Maven。

工具类

public class ExcelStorageUtils {/*** 将程序数据存入磁盘中的excel文件中** @description:* @param: list tClass path* @return: void* @author* @date: 22:36 2022/5/6*/public static <T> boolean exportExcel(List<T> list, Class<T> tClass, String path) throws Exception {if (list == null || list.size() == 0) {return false;}Field[] declaredFields = tClass.getDeclaredFields();int columNum = declaredFields.length;int rowLastIndex = list.size();XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(tClass.getSimpleName());//写入文件的关键代码for (int i = 0; i <= rowLastIndex; i++) {XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(i);//先给第一行附上属性名称if (i == 0) {for (int j = 0; j < columNum; j++) {row.createCell(j).setCellValue(declaredFields[j].getName());}continue;}T t = list.get(i - 1);for (int j = 0; j < columNum; j++) {Field declaredField = declaredFields[j];declaredField.setAccessible(true);String value = (String) declaredField.get(t);row.createCell(j).setCellValue(value);}}FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(path);workbook.write(fileOutputStream);fileOutputStream.flush();workbook.close();return true;}/*** 从excel文件中读取数据实例化对象，并返回由实例化对象生成的List集合* 需要注意的是，要确保Excel文件的第一行(rowIndex=0 处的属性数据应该与要实例化的Class属性一致，否则无法通过反射创建对象）** @description:* @param: tClass path* @return: java.util.List<T>* @author* @date: 0:20 2022/5/7*/public static <T> List<T> importExcel(Class<T> testClass, String path) throws Exception {ArrayList<T> list = new ArrayList<>();//获得工作本XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(path);//获得表，默认是第一张表XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);//获取sheet的行数，是以0开始的int lastRowIndex = sheet.getLastRowNum();//获取对应的属性及属性的个数XSSFRow fieldRow = sheet.getRow(0);short cellCount = fieldRow.getLastCellNum();for (int i = 1; i <= lastRowIndex; i++) {T t = testClass.newInstance();XSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++) {String filedName = fieldRow.getCell(j).getStringCellValue();Field declaredField = testClass.getDeclaredField(filedName);declaredField.setAccessible(true);//根据反射赋值String value = row.getCell(j).getStringCellValue();declaredField.set(t, value);}list.add(t);}return list;}}

测试类

public class ExcelTest {public static void main(String[] args) {//        TreeSet<Student> set = new TreeSet<Student>();
//        Student student = new Student("123", "Mr_X", "123456", "qweq@163.com");
//        Student student1 = new Student("456", "XXR", "12e456", "xxr@qq.com");
//        Student student2 = new Student("789", "SLL", "12389123", "sll@qq.com");
//        Student student3 = new Student("007", "NPY", "12389123", "sll@qq.com");
//
//        boolean add = set.add(student);
//        boolean add1 = set.add(student1);
//        boolean add2 = set.add(student2);
//        boolean add3 = set.add(student3);//
//        ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
//        students.addAll(set);String path = "D:\\TempResource\\students.xlsx";
//        try {//            ExcelStorageUtils.exportExcel(students,Student.class,path);
//        } catch (Exception e) {//            e.printStackTrace();
//        }try {List<Student> students = ExcelStorageUtils.importExcel(Student.class, path);students.forEach(System.out::println);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

效果

3.3、java与txt文件

TextStorageUtils工具类

public class TextStorageUtils {/*** 将list对象存进文本文件中** @description:* @param: list testClass path* @return: void* @author* @date: 19:25 2022/5/9*/public static <T> boolean exportText(List<T> list, Class<T> testClass, String path) throws Exception {if (list == null || list.size() == 0 || testClass == null || path == null || path.length() == 0) {return false;}Field[] declaredFields = testClass.getDeclaredFields();FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(path);BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fileWriter);StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();for (int i = 0; i < declaredFields.length; i++) {declaredFields[i].setAccessible(true);String filedName = declaredFields[i].getName();stringBuffer.append(filedName + "\t");}stringBuffer.append("\n");for (T t : list) {for (int i = 0; i < declaredFields.length; i++) {String filed = (String) declaredFields[i].get(t);//这是细节，如果该属性值为空，则改为nullfiled = filed == null ? "null" : filed;stringBuffer.append(filed).append("\t");}stringBuffer.append("\n");}bw.write(stringBuffer.toString());bw.close();return true;}/**将数据对象集合写入文本文件中*/public static <T> List<T> importText(Class<T> testClass, String path) throws Exception {if (testClass == null || path == null || path.length() == 0) {return null;}//作为返回的listArrayList<T> list = new ArrayList<>();//创造节点流和缓冲流FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(path);BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fileReader);Field[] declaredFields = testClass.getDeclaredFields();int length = declaredFields.length;String line;int lineIndex = 0;while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {String[] infos = line.split("[\t]+");//是第一行，则是属性信息行，更新属性数组，如果不是第一行则利用反射将构造对象if (lineIndex == 0) {for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {System.out.println(infos.length);declaredFields[i] = testClass.getDeclaredField(infos[i]);declaredFields[i].setAccessible(true);}} else {T t = testClass.newInstance();for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {declaredFields[i].set(t, infos[i]);}list.add(t);}//取出linelineIndex++;}br.close();return list;}
}

测试类

public class FileTest {public static void main(String[] args) {String path = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("question_1/resource").getPath()+"/textTest.txt";//        TreeSet<Student> set = new TreeSet<Student>();
//        Student student = new Student("001", "sandy", "1238127824", "sandy@163.com");
//        Student student1 = new Student("002", "tom", "1238113855", "tom@qq.com");
//        Student student2 = new Student("003", "amy", "1238437827", "amy@qq.com");
//        Student student3 = new Student("004", "jack", "1228127824", "jack@qq.com");
//        Student student4 = new Student("005", "eric", "1238127567", "eric@qq.com");
//        Student student5 = new Student("006", "hello", "1238127567", "hello@qq.com");
//        Student student6 = new Student("007", "who", "1238127567", "who@qq.com");
//        Student student7 = new Student("008", "are", "1238345567", "are@qq.com");
//        Student student8 = new Student("009", "you", "1238127567", "you@qq.com");
//        Student student9 = new Student("010", "there", "1238127447", "there@qq.com");
//        Student studentA = new Student("011", "are", "1238127227", "are@qq.com");
//        Student studentB = new Student("012", "fried", "1038127567", "fried@qq.com");
//        Student studentC = new Student("013", "mike", "1238155567", "mike@qq.com");
//        Student studentD = new Student("014", "then", "1231234567", "then@qq.com");
//        Student studentE = new Student("015", "louse", "1245237567", "louse@qq.com");
//        Student studentF = new Student("016", "jerry", "1333127567", "jerry@qq.com");
//        Student studentG = new Student("017", "petter", "1998127567", "petter@qq.com");
//        Student studentH = new Student("018", "grey", "1668127567", "grey@qq.com");
//        Student studentI = new Student("019", "yell", "1238127999", "yell@qq.com");
//
//        set.add(student);
//        set.add(student1);
//        set.add(student2);
//        set.add(student3);
//        set.add(student4);
//        set.add(student5);
//        set.add(student6);
//        set.add(student7);
//        set.add(student8);
//        set.add(student9);
//        set.add(studentA);
//        set.add(studentB);
//        set.add(studentC);
//        set.add(studentD);
//        set.add(studentE);
//        set.add(studentF);
//        set.add(studentG);
//        set.add(studentH);
//        set.add(studentI);
//
//        ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<>(set);
//        try {//            boolean isDone = TextStorageUtils.exportText(list, Student.class, path);
//            System.out.println(isDone);
//            System.out.println(path);
//        } catch (Exception e) {//            e.printStackTrace();
//        }try {List<Student> students = TextStorageUtils.importText(Student.class, path);students.forEach(System.out::println);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

效果展示

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-SvkzBjG2-1652107247458)(https://wx2.sinaimg.cn/mw2000/008rcJvVly1h22hnzr7r3j316p0q07m0.jpg)]

四、综合可视化实现（JavaFX）

设计图形用户界面，用顺序存取文件方式分别完成新增、删除、修改、查询、显示功能：

新增：让用户能输入学生的信息（学号、姓名、电话、邮箱信息），检查无误后将数据存入文本文件；

删除：删除正在显示的学生信息；

修改：修改正在显示的一条学生信息，修改后可保存至文本文件；

查询：让用户输入姓名，一条条显示查询到的学生信息（借助“下一条”、“上一条”按钮查看下一条和上一条数据）。

显示：显示文件中存储的所有学生信息（借助“下一条”、“上一条”按钮查看下一条和上一条数据）。
修改1中程序，改用随机存取文件存取。
修改1中程序，将信息存储在xml文件中（其它功能不变）
修改1中程序，将信息存储在Excel文件中

提供工程的压缩包，有兴趣的可以看一下：

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vHDh7uizEejwCrrspelC0w
提取码:1g7u

运行效果：

环境：IDEA

JDK版本：jdk8

好像jdk17后javafx得另外配置哈。

五、说明

xml的解析与读取还可以采用dom4j来解析，请参见 dom4j解析xml_JavaWeb_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
所提供的工具类包括读入和导出，文件格式比较固定，要读取的数据文件格式请遵循工具类导出文件的相应格式，不然会发生错误。
这些工具类是为了应付学校作业写的，笔者能力水平有限，如有需要，请读者自行优化代码，希望看官不吝赐教，欢迎点赞~

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