Docker学习笔记之常用命令
2024-05-19 04:31:51
背景
整理一下常用的Docker命令
常用命令
帮助命令
1、查看版本
$ docker versionClient:
Version: 18.03.0-ce
API version: 1.37
Go version: go1.9.4
Git commit: 0520e24302
Built: Fri Mar 23 08:31:36 2018
OS/Arch: windows/amd64
Experimental: false
Orchestrator: swarmServer: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:Version: 19.03.5API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)Go version: go1.12.12Git commit: 633a0ea838Built: Wed Nov 13 07:28:45 2019OS/Arch: linux/amd64Experimental: false
containerd:Version: v1.2.10GitCommit: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
runc:Version: 1.0.0-rc8+devGitCommit: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
docker-init:Version: 0.18.0GitCommit: fec36832、查看详细信息
$ docker infoContainers: 2
Running: 1
Paused: 0
Stopped: 1
Images: 2
Server Version: 19.03.5
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccompProfile: default
Kernel Version: 4.14.154-boot2docker
Operating System: Boot2Docker 19.03.5 (TCL 10.1)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 989.5MiB
Name: default
ID: XKXE:UYOL:PRQH:OYPM:DOWD:OBDF:4ZWT:FBKX:XAA7:QTCA:RQMD:SJYK
Docker Root Dir: /mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
provider=virtualbox
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://r7g9xefx.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false3、查看可用命令
$ docker --helpUsage: docker COMMANDA self-sufficient runtime for containersOptions:--config string Location of client config files (default"C:\\Users\\songzeceng\\.docker")-D, --debug Enable debug mode-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to-l, --log-level string Set the logging level("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal")(default "info")--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default"C:\\Users\\songzeceng\\.docker\\machine\\machines\\default\\ca.pem")--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default"C:\\Users\\songzeceng\\.docker\\machine\\machines\\default\\cert.pem")--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default"C:\\Users\\songzeceng\\.docker\\machine\\machines\\default\\key.pem")--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote (default true)-v, --version Print version information and quitManagement Commands:config Manage Docker configscontainer Manage containersimage Manage imagesnetwork Manage networksnode Manage Swarm nodesplugin Manage pluginssecret Manage Docker secretsservice Manage servicesswarm Manage Swarmsystem Manage Dockertrust Manage trust on Docker imagesvolume Manage volumesCommands:attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running containerbuild Build an image from a Dockerfilecommit Create a new image from a container's changescp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystemcreate Create a new containerdiff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystemevents Get real time events from the serverexec Run a command in a running containerexport Export a container's filesystem as a tar archivehistory Show the history of an imageimages List imagesimport Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem imageinfo Display system-wide informationinspect Return low-level information on Docker objectskill Kill one or more running containersload Load an image from a tar archive or STDINlogin Log in to a Docker registrylogout Log out from a Docker registrylogs Fetch the logs of a containerpause Pause all processes within one or more containersport List port mappings or a specific mapping for the containerps List containerspull Pull an image or a repository from a registrypush Push an image or a repository to a registryrename Rename a containerrestart Restart one or more containersrm Remove one or more containersrmi Remove one or more imagesrun Run a command in a new containersave Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)search Search the Docker Hub for imagesstart Start one or more stopped containersstats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statisticsstop Stop one or more running containerstag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGEtop Display the running processes of a containerunpause Unpause all processes within one or more containersupdate Update configuration of one or more containersversion Show the Docker version informationwait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codesRun 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.镜像命令
1、列出本地镜像
$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
scrapinghub/splash latest 4ddd2efcb0df 8 weeks ago 2.17GB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 14 months ago 1.84kB选项：
1）、列出本地镜像，含中间镜像层
$ docker images -aREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
scrapinghub/splash latest 4ddd2efcb0df 8 weeks ago 2.17GB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 14 months ago 1.84kB2）、只列出本地镜像id
$ docker images -q4ddd2efcb0df
fce289e99eb93）、列出本地镜像和说明
$ docker images --digestsREPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
scrapinghub/splash latest sha256:01c89e3b0598e904fea184680b82ffe74524e83160f793884dc88d184056c49d 4ddd2efcb0df 8 weeks ago 2.17GB
hello-world latest sha256:fc6a51919cfeb2e6763f62b6d9e8815acbf7cd2e476ea353743570610737b752 fce289e99eb9 14 months ago 1.84kB4）、列出本地镜像和完整说明
$ docker images --digests --no-truncREPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
scrapinghub/splash latest sha256:01c89e3b0598e904fea184680b82ffe74524e83160f793884dc88d184056c49d sha256:4ddd2efcb0df639651607fe30ad532abf14e19c2c8f7d2b3c7f5eedfb7dbe4ce 8 weeks ago 2.17GB
hello-world latest sha256:fc6a51919cfeb2e6763f62b6d9e8815acbf7cd2e476ea353743570610737b752 sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e 14 months ago 1.84kB2、查询某个镜像的名字
$ docker search tomcatNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 2654 [OK]
tomee Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif… 75 [OK]
dordoka/tomcat Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 base… 53 [OK]
bitnami/tomcat Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image 31 [OK]
kubeguide/tomcat-app Tomcat image for Chapter 1 28
consol/tomcat-7.0 Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin" 17 [OK]
cloudesire/tomcat Tomcat server, 6/7/8 15 [OK]
aallam/tomcat-mysql Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL 12 [OK]
....其中official标签下为ok的是官方镜像
3、下载镜像
$ docker pull mysqlUsing default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
68ced04f60ab: Pull complete
f9748e016a5c: Pull complete
da54b038fed1: Pull complete
6895ec5eb2c0: Pull complete
111ba0647b87: Pull complete
c1dce60f2f1a: Pull complete
702ec598d0af: Pull complete
4aba2fcbe869: Pull complete
b26bbbd533e6: Pull complete
7bd100a66c55: Pull complete
74149336419a: Pull complete
145ea1f01648: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4a30434ce03d2fa396d0414f075ad9ca9b0b578f14ea5685e24dcbf789450a2c
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest检验下载的镜像
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 9b51d9275906 2 days ago 547MB
tomcat latest 4e7840b49fad 9 days ago 529MB
scrapinghub/splash latest 4ddd2efcb0df 8 weeks ago 2.17GB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 14 months ago 1.84kB4、删除镜像
$ docker rmi -f hello-worldUntagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:fc6a51919cfeb2e6763f62b6d9e8815acbf7cd2e476ea353743570610737b752
Deleted: sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e镜像名(hello-world)后面可以加版本号(hello-world:3.2)，默认最新
删除后检验
$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 9b51d9275906 2 days ago 547MB
tomcat latest 4e7840b49fad 9 days ago 529MB
scrapinghub/splash latest 4ddd2efcb0df 8 weeks ago 2.17GB选项：
1）、批量删除
$ docker rmi -f mysql hello-world...2）、删除全部
$ docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:4a30434ce03d2fa396d0414f075ad9ca9b0b578f14ea5685e24dcbf789450a2c
Deleted: sha256:9b51d9275906910446e03bb86e16a0fe0051d6518ba7ae39c8780fc2323fd637
Deleted: sha256:3b5f20d41feb31513164dab347e9f5bea57dc9c644819aeea2dd5cbb7c7213bf
Deleted: sha256:0c9402cadbef6d34b3c8db27a0d793011c2de41cabc14354734752ec7bd325c1
...检验之
$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE5、提交容器副本，使之成为一个新的镜像
$ docker commit -a "szc" -m "tomcat of szc" 73832de15319 szc/tomcat:1.1sha256:6d1afa72732ce3c920783e9ce354559ec64ffde81cb453c887640b17b2582b59-a指定作者，-m指定提交信息，后面的73832de15319 为要提交的容器id，最后szc/tomcat:1.1为新镜像的名字和版本
$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
szc/tomcat 1.1 6d1afa72732c About a minute ago 529MB
tomcat latest 4e7840b49fad 9 days ago 529MB
centos latest 470671670cac 7 weeks ago 237MB
scrapinghub/splash latest 4ddd2efcb0df 8 weeks ago 2.17GB$ docker run -it -p 7777:8080 szc/tomcat:1.1:后面是tag值，不加表示latest
容器命令
1、新建并运行一个镜像容器，并启动一个交互式的伪终端
$ docker run -it centos[root@92ef52a1b68f /]# root@后面的92ef52a1b68f就是这个容器的id
选项：1）、以守护进程的方式运行容器，可以在run后面加上-d选项
$ docker run -d centos1b4eef18d21a2c9de9c99e9dbca3b675fe9e1f8ad45f031954a8d453e0b4a949$此时如果用docker ps -a查看，会发现容器已经退出。因为容器运行的如果不是那些一直挂起的命令，就会立刻退出。
2）、也可以指定端口号，在run后面加上-p选项，后面跟上容器在docker上的端口:容器在宿主机上的端口
$ docker run -it -p 8080:8080 tomcat2、列出所有运行着的容器
$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
92ef52a1b68f centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes exciting_johnson选项：列出历史上所有运行过的容器
$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
92ef52a1b68f centos "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes exciting_johnson
a8c26efb021b fce289e99eb9 "/hello" 12 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago exciting_austin
fb410e7667b4 scrapinghub/splash "python3 /app/bin/sp…" 21 hours ago Exited (255) 11 hours ago 0.0.0.0:8050->8050/tcp reverent_swartz最后面的名字可以在启动容器时使用--name指定，如下
$ docker run -i -t --name "szc" centos[root@916e23b387b1 /]# 然后在另一Quickstart Terminal使用docker ps时输出如下
$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
916e23b387b1 centos "/bin/bash" 8 seconds ago Up 8 seconds szc3、容器退出
1）、容器停止退出
[root@92ef52a1b68f /]# exitexitsongzeceng@LAPTOP-GCPD2768 MINGW64 /d/develop/Docker Toolbox
$命令行验证
$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
92ef52a1b68f centos "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Exited (0) 49 seconds ago exciting_johnson
a8c26efb021b fce289e99eb9 "/hello" 12 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago exciting_austin
fb410e7667b4 scrapinghub/splash "python3 /app/bin/sp…" 21 hours ago Exited (255) 11 hours ago 0.0.0.0:8050->8050/tcp reverent_swartz2）、容器不停止退出：Ctrl+P+Q
此时再进去，可以用docker attach(不启动新的进程)
[root@bbf512a4aa58 /]#$ docker attach bbf512a4aa58[root@bbf512a4aa58 /]# 或者使用docker exec
$ docker exec -t bbf512a4aa58 /bin/bash[root@bbf512a4aa58 /]# /bin/bash表示以root的身份进入容器终端
3）、如果只是执行一段命令，可以用exec(启动新的进程)
$ docker exec -t bbf512a4aa58 ls -l /tmp total 8
-rwx------ 1 root root 671 Jan 13 21:49 ks-script-_srt3u3c
-rwx------ 1 root root 1379 Jan 13 21:49 ks-script-gpqu_kuo$-t后面跟着容器id，再后面是要执行的命令
4、启动容器
$ docker start 92ef52a1b68f92ef52a1b68fstart后面是容器id或容器名
5、重启容器
$ docker restart 92ef52a1b68f92ef52a1b68frestart后面是容器id或容器名
6、关闭容器
$ docker stop 92ef52a1b68f92ef52a1b68f或者
$ docker kill 92ef52a1b68f92ef52a1b68f7、删除已停止的容器
$ docker rm 92ef52a1b68f92ef52a1b68f可以加上-f删除正在运行着的容器；如果要删除所有已停止的容器，可以输入如下命令
$ docker rm $(docker ps -a)1b4eef18d21a
916e23b387b1
exciting_austin
fb410e7667b4
...8、查看容器日志
$ docker logs -t -f bbf512a4aa58[root@bbf512a4aa58 /]# ls -l
2020-03-08T01:42:04.553406000Z total 48
.....
2020-03-08T01:42:34.398428190Z [root@bbf512a4aa58 /]# pwd
2020-03-08T01:42:34.398477984Z /其中-t表示显示日期，-f表示不断追加。下面是运行容器时执行的所有命令和输出
9、查看容器内部细节
$ docker inspect bbf512a4aa58 [{"Id": "bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe","Created": "2020-03-08T01:41:24.391275544Z","Path": "/bin/bash","Args": [],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 3571,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2020-03-08T01:41:24.584563557Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee","ResolvConfPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe/hostname","HostsPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe/hosts","LogPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe/bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe-json.log","Name": "/agitated_wilbur","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"Capabilities": null,"Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "shareable","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [30,120],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b6a51489dbd3b188c7863e3e37cf344f20dbaa5528b5870f2d8e30ff3118a875-init/diff:/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/956a46cec26f803c02d493bde34cd3b2ef9b779d2df20629036fe96324ac5eb2/diff","MergedDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b6a51489dbd3b188c7863e3e37cf344f20dbaa5528b5870f2d8e30ff3118a875/merged","UpperDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b6a51489dbd3b188c7863e3e37cf344f20dbaa5528b5870f2d8e30ff3118a875/diff","WorkDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b6a51489dbd3b188c7863e3e37cf344f20dbaa5528b5870f2d8e30ff3118a875/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "bbf512a4aa58","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": true,"AttachStdout": true,"AttachStderr": true,"Tty": true,"OpenStdin": true,"StdinOnce": true,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/bash"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS","org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00","org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only","org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image","org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "1b44bd7ba751a5be73ce9f497b59487718d62444ea468d2199994acc898bde9b","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/1b44bd7ba751","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "a25e990586b1166973b72e22bc85b4c8eed851b12a88a6bdb180755670d09fdd","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "ea6a244a17bafa7d0161cb9016496335d961f50b7380e6d730d8113fff1d9985","EndpointID": "a25e990586b1166973b72e22bc85b4c8eed851b12a88a6bdb180755670d09fdd","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]10、查看容器内运行着的进程
$ docker top bbf512a4aa58UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 3571 3549 0 01:41 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash11、把文件从容器复制到主机上
$ docker cp bbf512a4aa58:/tmp/ks-script-gpqu_kuo /格式为docker cp 容器id:容器文件路径 目标路径
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