the owning Session was closed

could not initialize proxy - the owning Session was closed

开发环境：
Struts 2 + Spring 2.0 + Hibernate 3.2

异常如下：

2009-3-21 17:59:05 org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException <init>
严重: could not initialize proxy - the owning Session was closed
org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - the owning Session was closedat org.hibernate.proxy.AbstractLazyInitializer.initialize(AbstractLazyInitializer.java:60)at org.hibernate.proxy.AbstractLazyInitializer.getImplementation(AbstractLazyInitializer.java:111)at org.hibernate.proxy.pojo.cglib.CGLIBLazyInitializer.invoke(CGLIBLazyInitializer.java:172)at com.kindion.blog.ArticleType$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$40d67a28.toString(<generated>)at java.lang.String.valueOf(Unknown Source)at java.io.PrintStream.print(Unknown Source)at java.io.PrintStream.println(Unknown Source)at com.kindion.service.impl.ArticleServiceImplTest.testQueryAll(ArticleServiceImplTest.java:35)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java:154)at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:127)at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:106)at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:124)at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:109)at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:118)at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java:208)at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:203)at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.junit3.JUnit3TestReference.run(JUnit3TestReference.java:130)at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673)at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)

分析原因：
Hibernate 允许对关联对象、属性进行延迟加载，但是必须保证延迟加载的操作限于同一个Session 范围之内进行。如果Service 层返回一个启用了延迟加载功能的领域对象给Web层，当Web层访问到那些需要延迟加载的数据时，由于加载领域对象的Session已经关闭，这些导致了延迟加载数据的访问异常！

Spring 为此提供了一个OpenSessionInViewFilter过滤器，它的主要功能是使每个请求过程绑定一个Session，即使最初的事务已经完成了，也可以在Web层进行延迟加载的操作。

解决方法：(经过查询相关资料,虽然找到这个解决办法,但是我的问题还是没有解决,在此帖出来,希望有人用得着)

在web.xml中配置filter来解决。

< filter > < filter-name > hibernateFilter </ filter-name > < filter-class >    org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</ filter-class > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name > hibernateFilter </ filter-name > < url-pattern > *.action </ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping >

==================================================================

我的问题解决了，我的问题出现在 web.xml 配置文件下多个Filter 顺序的问题

如果你有用到其他的过滤器（Filter），你就把OpenSessionInViewFilter这个过滤器放到你其他过滤器的前面。

<!--============SrpingOpenSessionInViewFilter============= -->
<!--把它放在其他Filter的前面--><filter><filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>
<!-- ============Sturts 2 Filter============= --><filter><filter-name>struts2</filter-name><filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>struts2</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>

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