GDAL\OGR读取数据示例 C#版本

首先创建一个Windows窗体应用程序，然后拖几个按钮和文本框，如下图所示。第一行用来显示栅格数据的路径，点击浏览找到一个栅格文件，将路径显示在文本框中，然后点击读取，将图像的基本信息显示在最下方的富文本框中；第二行的类似，显示的是矢量数据的信息。

1、添加GDALC#版本的引用，注意只添加后面是_csharp.dll的四个文件。如下图所示。

2、添加浏览按钮的事件，代码如下：

        private void buttonRaster_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){OpenFileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog();ofd.Title = "打开栅格文件";ofd.Filter = @"Erdas Imagine (*.img)|*.img|
GeoTiff (*.tif *.tiff)|*.tif *.tiff|
PCIDSK (*.pix)|*.pix|
EarthWatch/DigitalGlobe (*.til)|*.til|
HDF (*.hdf *.h5 *he5)|*.hdf *.h5 *he5|
NITF (*.ntf *.nsf)|*.ntf *.nsf|
Spot DIMAP (metadata.dim)|metadata.dim|
位图文件 (*.bmp)|*.bmp|
Graphics Interchange Format (*.gif)|*.gif|
JPEG (*.jpg *.jpeg)|*.jpg *.jpeg|
Portable Network Graphics (*.png)|*.png|
Web Map Servers (*.xml)|*.xml|所有文件|*.*";ofd.ShowDialog();textBoxRaster.Text = ofd.FileName;}private void buttonVector_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){OpenFileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog();ofd.Title = "打开矢量文件";ofd.Filter = @"ESRI Shapefile(*.shp)|*.shp|
MapInfo File(*.mid *.mif *.tab)|*.mid *.mif *tab|
Arc/Info .E00 (*.e00)|*.e00|
AutoCAD DXF(*.dxf)|*.dxf|
Comma Separated Value (.csv)|*.csv|
GML(*.gml)|*.gml|
KML(*.kml)|*.kml|
所有文件|*.*";ofd.ShowDialog();textBoxVector.Text = ofd.FileName;}

3、添加读取栅格和矢量数据信息的代码，分别存在GDALReadFile.cs和OGRReadFile.cs文件中。具体代码见下面：

首先是GDALReadFile.cs

using OSGeo.GDAL;
using OSGeo.OSR;
using System;namespace GDALTest
{/// <summary>/// 使用GDAL读取栅格数据信息类/// </summary>public class GDALReadFile{public static string GetRasterInfo(string strFilePath){string strInfomation = "";try{/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Register driver(s).                                             *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */Gdal.AllRegister();/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Open dataset.                                                   *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */Dataset ds = Gdal.Open(strFilePath, Access.GA_ReadOnly);if (ds == null){strInfomation = ("Can't open " + strFilePath);return strInfomation;}strInfomation += ("Raster dataset parameters:\n");strInfomation += ("  Projection: " + ds.GetProjectionRef() + "\n");strInfomation += ("  RasterCount: " + ds.RasterCount.ToString() + "\n");strInfomation += ("  RasterSize (" + ds.RasterXSize.ToString() + "," + ds.RasterYSize.ToString() + ")" + "\n");/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Get driver                                                      *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */Driver drv = ds.GetDriver();if (drv == null){strInfomation += ("Can't get driver.");return strInfomation;}strInfomation += ("Using driver " + drv.LongName);/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Get metadata                                                    *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */string[] metadata = ds.GetMetadata("");if (metadata.Length > 0){strInfomation += ("  Metadata:");for (int iMeta = 0; iMeta < metadata.Length; iMeta++){strInfomation += ("    " + iMeta.ToString() + ":  " + metadata[iMeta] + "\n");}strInfomation += ("\n");}/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Report "IMAGE_STRUCTURE" metadata.                              *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */metadata = ds.GetMetadata("IMAGE_STRUCTURE");if (metadata.Length > 0){strInfomation += ("  Image Structure Metadata:" + "\n");for (int iMeta = 0; iMeta < metadata.Length; iMeta++){strInfomation += ("    " + iMeta.ToString() + ":  " + metadata[iMeta] + "\n");}strInfomation += ("\n");}/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Report subdatasets.                                             *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */metadata = ds.GetMetadata("SUBDATASETS");if (metadata.Length > 0){strInfomation += ("  Subdatasets:\n");for (int iMeta = 0; iMeta < metadata.Length; iMeta++){strInfomation += ("    " + iMeta.ToString() + ":  " + metadata[iMeta] + "\n");}strInfomation += ("\n");}/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Report geolocation.                                             *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */metadata = ds.GetMetadata("GEOLOCATION");if (metadata.Length > 0){strInfomation += ("  Geolocation:\n");for (int iMeta = 0; iMeta < metadata.Length; iMeta++){strInfomation += ("    " + iMeta.ToString() + ":  " + metadata[iMeta] + "\n");}strInfomation += ("\n");}/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Report corners.                                                 *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */strInfomation += ("Corner Coordinates:\n");strInfomation += ("  Upper Left (" + GDALInfoGetPosition(ds, 0.0, 0.0) + ")" + "\n");strInfomation += ("  Lower Left (" + GDALInfoGetPosition(ds, 0.0, ds.RasterYSize) + ")" + "\n");strInfomation += ("  Upper Right (" + GDALInfoGetPosition(ds, ds.RasterXSize, 0.0) + ")" + "\n");strInfomation += ("  Lower Right (" + GDALInfoGetPosition(ds, ds.RasterXSize, ds.RasterYSize) + ")" + "\n");strInfomation += ("  Center (" + GDALInfoGetPosition(ds, ds.RasterXSize / 2, ds.RasterYSize / 2) + ")" + "\n");strInfomation += ("\n");/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Report projection.                                              *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */string projection = ds.GetProjectionRef();if (projection != null){SpatialReference srs = new SpatialReference(null);if (srs.ImportFromWkt(ref projection) == 0){string wkt;srs.ExportToPrettyWkt(out wkt, 0);strInfomation += ("Coordinate System is:\n");strInfomation += (wkt);}else{strInfomation += ("Coordinate System is:\n");strInfomation += (projection);}}/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Report GCPs.                                                    *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */if (ds.GetGCPCount() > 0){strInfomation += ("GCP Projection: " + ds.GetGCPProjection() + "\n");GCP[] GCPs = ds.GetGCPs();for (int i = 0; i < ds.GetGCPCount(); i++){strInfomation += ("GCP[" + i.ToString() + "]: Id=" + GCPs[i].Id + ", Info=" + GCPs[i].Info + "\n");strInfomation += ("          (" + GCPs[i].GCPPixel.ToString() + "," + GCPs[i].GCPLine.ToString() + ") -> ("+ GCPs[i].GCPX.ToString() + "," + GCPs[i].GCPY.ToString() + "," + GCPs[i].GCPZ.ToString() + ")" + "\n");strInfomation += ("");}strInfomation += ("\n");double[] transform = new double[6];Gdal.GCPsToGeoTransform(GCPs, transform, 0);strInfomation += ("GCP Equivalent geotransformation parameters: " + ds.GetGCPProjection() + "\n");for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)strInfomation += ("t[" + i + "] = " + transform[i].ToString() + "\n");strInfomation += ("\n");}/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Get raster band                                                 *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */for (int iBand = 1; iBand <= ds.RasterCount; iBand++){Band band = ds.GetRasterBand(iBand);strInfomation += ("Band " + iBand.ToString() + " :\n");strInfomation += ("   DataType: " + Gdal.GetDataTypeName(band.DataType) + "\n");strInfomation += ("   ColorInterpretation: " + Gdal.GetColorInterpretationName(band.GetRasterColorInterpretation()) + "\n");ColorTable ct = band.GetRasterColorTable();if (ct != null)strInfomation += ("   Band has a color table with " + ct.GetCount().ToString() + " entries.\n");strInfomation += ("   Description: " + band.GetDescription() + "\n");strInfomation += ("   Size (" + band.XSize.ToString() + "," + band.YSize.ToString() + ")" + "\n");int BlockXSize, BlockYSize;band.GetBlockSize(out BlockXSize, out BlockYSize);strInfomation += ("   BlockSize (" + BlockXSize.ToString() + "," + BlockYSize.ToString() + ")" + "\n");double val;int hasval;band.GetMinimum(out val, out hasval);if (hasval != 0) strInfomation += ("   Minimum: " + val.ToString());band.GetMaximum(out val, out hasval);if (hasval != 0) strInfomation += ("   Maximum: " + val.ToString());band.GetNoDataValue(out val, out hasval);if (hasval != 0) strInfomation += ("   NoDataValue: " + val.ToString());band.GetOffset(out val, out hasval);if (hasval != 0) strInfomation += ("   Offset: " + val.ToString());band.GetScale(out val, out hasval);if (hasval != 0) strInfomation += ("   Scale: " + val.ToString());for (int iOver = 0; iOver < band.GetOverviewCount(); iOver++){Band over = band.GetOverview(iOver);strInfomation += ("      OverView " + iOver + " :" + "\n");strInfomation += ("         DataType: " + over.DataType + "\n");strInfomation += ("         Size (" + over.XSize + "," + over.YSize + ")" + "\n");strInfomation += ("         PaletteInterp: " + over.GetRasterColorInterpretation().ToString() + "\n");}}}catch (Exception e){strInfomation += ("Application error: " + e.Message);}return strInfomation;}private static string GDALInfoGetPosition(Dataset ds, double x, double y){double[] adfGeoTransform = new double[6];double dfGeoX, dfGeoY;ds.GetGeoTransform(adfGeoTransform);dfGeoX = adfGeoTransform[0] + adfGeoTransform[1] * x + adfGeoTransform[2] * y;dfGeoY = adfGeoTransform[3] + adfGeoTransform[4] * x + adfGeoTransform[5] * y;return dfGeoX.ToString() + ", " + dfGeoY.ToString();}}
}

接着是OGRReadFile.cs文件：

using OSGeo.OGR;
using OSGeo.OSR;
using System;/// <summary>
/// 使用OGR读取矢量数据信息类
/// </summary>
public class OGRReadFile
{public static string GetVectorInfo(string strFilePath){string strInfomation = "";/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Register format(s).                                             *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */Ogr.RegisterAll();/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Open data source.                                               *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */DataSource ds = Ogr.Open(strFilePath, 0);if (ds == null){strInfomation = ("Can't open " + strFilePath);return strInfomation;}/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Get driver                                                      *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */Driver drv = ds.GetDriver();if (drv == null){strInfomation = ("Can't get driver.");return strInfomation;}// TODO: drv.name is still unsafe with lazy initialization (Bug 1339)strInfomation += ("Using driver " + drv.name);/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Iterating through the layers                                    *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */for (int iLayer = 0; iLayer < ds.GetLayerCount(); iLayer++){Layer layer = ds.GetLayerByIndex(iLayer);if (layer == null){strInfomation = ("FAILURE: Couldn't fetch advertised layer " + iLayer);return strInfomation;}strInfomation += ReportLayer(layer);}return strInfomation;}public static string ReportLayer(Layer layer){string strInfomation = "";FeatureDefn def = layer.GetLayerDefn();strInfomation += ("Layer name: " + def.GetName());strInfomation += ("Feature Count: " + layer.GetFeatureCount(1).ToString());Envelope ext = new Envelope();layer.GetExtent(ext, 1);strInfomation += ("Extent: " + ext.MinX.ToString() + "," + ext.MaxX.ToString() + "," +ext.MinY.ToString() + "," + ext.MaxY.ToString());/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Reading the spatial reference                                   *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */OSGeo.OSR.SpatialReference sr = layer.GetSpatialRef();string srs_wkt;if (sr != null){sr.ExportToPrettyWkt(out srs_wkt, 1);}elsesrs_wkt = "(unknown)";strInfomation += ("Layer SRS WKT: " + srs_wkt);/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Reading the fields                                              *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */strInfomation += ("Field definition:");for (int iAttr = 0; iAttr < def.GetFieldCount(); iAttr++){FieldDefn fdef = def.GetFieldDefn(iAttr);strInfomation += (fdef.GetNameRef() + ": " +fdef.GetFieldTypeName(fdef.GetFieldType()) + " (" +fdef.GetWidth().ToString() + "." +fdef.GetPrecision().ToString() + ")");}/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- *//*      Reading the shapes                                              *//* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */strInfomation += ("");Feature feat;while ((feat = layer.GetNextFeature()) != null){strInfomation += ReportFeature(feat, def);feat.Dispose();}return strInfomation;}public static string ReportFeature(Feature feat, FeatureDefn def){string strInfomation = "";strInfomation += ("Feature(" + def.GetName() + "): " + feat.GetFID().ToString());for (int iField = 0; iField < feat.GetFieldCount(); iField++){FieldDefn fdef = def.GetFieldDefn(iField);strInfomation += (fdef.GetNameRef() + " (" +fdef.GetFieldTypeName(fdef.GetFieldType()) + ") = ");if (feat.IsFieldSet(iField)){if (fdef.GetFieldType() == FieldType.OFTStringList){string[] sList = feat.GetFieldAsStringList(iField);foreach (string s in sList){strInfomation += ("\"" + s + "\" ");}strInfomation += ("\n");}else if (fdef.GetFieldType() == FieldType.OFTIntegerList){int count;int[] iList = feat.GetFieldAsIntegerList(iField, out count);for (int i = 0; i < count; i++){strInfomation += (iList[i] + " ");}strInfomation += ("\n");}else if (fdef.GetFieldType() == FieldType.OFTRealList){int count;double[] iList = feat.GetFieldAsDoubleList(iField, out count);for (int i = 0; i < count; i++){strInfomation += (iList[i].ToString() + " ");}strInfomation += ("\n");}elsestrInfomation += (feat.GetFieldAsString(iField));}elsestrInfomation += ("(null)");}if (feat.GetStyleString() != null)strInfomation += ("  Style = " + feat.GetStyleString());Geometry geom = feat.GetGeometryRef();if (geom != null){strInfomation += ("  " + geom.GetGeometryName() +"(" + geom.GetGeometryType() + ")");Geometry sub_geom;for (int i = 0; i < geom.GetGeometryCount(); i++){sub_geom = geom.GetGeometryRef(i);if (sub_geom != null){strInfomation += ("  subgeom" + i + ": " + sub_geom.GetGeometryName() +"(" + sub_geom.GetGeometryType() + ")");}}Envelope env = new Envelope();geom.GetEnvelope(env);strInfomation += ("   ENVELOPE: " + env.MinX + "," + env.MaxX + "," +env.MinY + "," + env.MaxY);string geom_wkt;geom.ExportToWkt(out geom_wkt);strInfomation += ("  " + geom_wkt);}strInfomation += ("\n");return strInfomation;}
}

4、写完读取代码，然后编写读取按钮的响应事件，具体代码如下：

        private void buttonRasterRead_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){string strRasterPath = textBoxRaster.Text;if (strRasterPath == ""){MessageBox.Show("请先选择文件路径", "提示");return;}string strInfomation = GDALReadFile.GetRasterInfo(strRasterPath);richTextBoxInfo.Text = strInfomation;}private void buttonVectorRead_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){string strVectorPath = textBoxVector.Text;if (strVectorPath == ""){MessageBox.Show("请先选择文件路径", "提示");return;}string strInfomation = OGRReadFile.GetVectorInfo(strVectorPath);richTextBoxInfo.Text = strInfomation;}

5、做完上面的步骤，你就可以编译了，编译很顺利，直接编译过去了（如果你不能编译过去，请查看错误并修改）。然后点击运行，选择一个栅格数据，然后点击读取，期待将图像信息写入下面的富文本框中，结果很悲剧的发现，出现了一个异常。群里很多人都遇到过这个异常，这个异常就是“ Application error: “OSGeo.GDAL.GdalPINVOKE”的类型初始值设定项引发异常。 ”，截图如下：

下面就开始解决这个异常，按照下面的步骤进行解决：

首先：确定自己引用的GDAL库是正常的，检验正常的一个很方便的就是双击GDAL库中bin文件夹里面的exe，如果一闪而过，基本上就正常的。如果提示错误信息，比如，应用程序无法正常启动啥的，就先安装编译GDAL库的VS对应版本的C++分发库（也叫C++运行库，名字叫vcredist_x86.exe或者vcredist_x64.exe，注意还有SP1之分）。

第二：假设通过安装这个运行库，GDAL库可以正常启动了，接下来把GDAL库的C#版本里面的dll全部拷贝到C#程序编译的exe所在目录，比如我的是在【F:\Work\GDALTest\bin\Debug】，然后再次启动程序，看看还抛出异常不，如果不抛出异常，那么恭喜你，下面的不用看了（我的电脑到这步结束后就正常了）；如果还是抛出异常，不要着急，按照下面的步骤继续。

第三：通过上面的步骤还是不行的话，将整个工程的【配置管理器】中改成与GDAL库的版本一致，这里的版本指的是操作系统是32位还是64位，如果GDAL是32位的，那么在配置管理器中创建一个x86的平台，然后编译整个工程；如果GDAL版本是64位的，那么创建一个x64的平台进行编译。（这个步骤一般是会出现在使用32位的GDAL库在64位的系统上开发会用到）。

第四：如果你通过上面三个步骤还是没有解决的话，那我也不知道了……

最后截个图，看看输出的图像信息和矢量信息，初学者可以参考这个来读取栅格数据和矢量数据。程序的代码打包在我的CSDN资源里面，下载地址是：http://download.csdn.net/detail/liminlu0314/4653881

—————————————华丽的分割线下面的修改于2012年10月17日—————————————

昨天忘记测试中文路径，发现果然中文路径不支持，具体说明参考下一篇博客。不想看的请在上面的打开数据的代码下面加下面的一句代码。至于原因查看下一篇博文。

        OSGeo.GDAL.Gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8", "YES");

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