RAC安装之一 安装前准备
Oracle中的RAC技术是一门很高深的艺术,RAC是real application cluster的英文缩写,中文翻译为真实应用集群。oracle的集群为多个数据库实例对应一个数据库,因而需要使用到共享存储,也就是所谓的盘阵(一盘多机),在本文中使用ISCSI共享存储实现;RAC的安装是个繁琐的过程,需要一定的linux或者unix系统基础,因而笔者将会整理一个RAC在centos4.8的上安装系列教程,本节为教程的第一讲 ———— 安装前的环境准备。
本节总的内容包括以下几个要点:
1:安装linux操作系统,配置IP和主机名
2:调整系统参数
3:配置共享存储
4:配置raw设备
5:配置ASM
环境介绍:
操作系统:Centos4.8 64位(节点)
节点1主机名:rac1.766.com
节点1IP地址:192.168.50.191/192.168.122.191
节点2主机名:rac2.766.com
节点2IP地址:192.168.50.192/192.168.122.192
一:安装操作系统
- 1:这里采取PXE自动方式进行push安装,安装所有的软件包,可参考:http://ylw6006.blog.51cto.com/470441/587303
- 2:配置hosts文件,两个节点应当一致,rac1-vip所对应的ip可以不存在
- [root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
- # Do not remove the following line, or various programs
- # that require network functionality will fail.
- 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
- 192.168.50.191 rac1.766.com rac1
- 192.168.122.191 rac1-priv.766.com rac1-priv
- 10.0.0.1 rac1-vip.766.com rac1-vip
- 192.168.50.192 rac2.766.com rac2
- 192.168.122.192 rac2-priv.766.com rac2-priv
- 10.0.0.2 rac2-vip.766.com rac2-vip
- 3:关闭selinux
- [root@rac1 ~]# getenforce
- Disabled
- 4:创建 Oracle 组和用户帐户,两个节点的oracle用户的uid,gid应当保持一致
- [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd oinstall
- [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd dba
- [root@rac1 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
- [root@rac1 ~]# echo "oracle" |passwd --stdin oracle
- Changing password for user oracle.
- passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
- [root@rac1 ~]# id oracle
- uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)
二:调整系统参数
- 1:修改内核和系统参数
- [root@rac2 ~]# id oracle
- uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)
- [root@rac1 ~]# cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
- > kernel.shmall = 2097152
- > kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
- > kernel.shmmni = 4096
- > kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
- > fs.file‐max = 65536
- > net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
- > net.core.rmem_default = 262144
- > net.core.rmem_max = 262144
- > net.core.wmem_default = 262144
- > net.core.wmem_max = 262144
- > EOF
- [root@rac1 ~]# sysctl -p
- [root@rac1 ~]# cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
- > oracle soft nproc 2047
- > oracle hard nproc 16384
- > oracle soft nofile 1024
- > oracle hard nofile 65536
- > EOF
- [root@rac1 ~]# cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <<EOF
- > session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
- > EOF
- [root@rac1 ~]# cat >> /etc/modprobe.conf <<EOF
- > options hangcheck-timer hangcheck_tick=30 hangcheck_margin=180
- > EOF
- [root@rac1 ~]# modprobe -v hangcheck-timer
- insmod /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.el5/kernel/drivers/char/hangcheck-timer.ko hangcheck_tick=30 hangcheck_margin=180
- 2:修改oracle用户环境变量,节点2的ORACLE_SID变量需要改成racdb2
- [root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle
- [oracle@rac1 ~]$ cat .bash_profile
- # .bash_profile
- # Get the aliases and functions
- if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
- . ~/.bashrc
- fi
- # User specific environment and startup programs
- PATH=/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin
- export EDITOR=vim
- export ORACLE_SID=racdb1
- export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
- export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
- export ORA_CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/crs_1
- export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib
- alias sqlplus='/usr/local/rlwrap/bin/rlwrap sqlplus'
- alias rman='/usr/local/rlwrap/bin/rlwrap rman'
- export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'
- export NLS_LANG=american_america.UTF8
- export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$PATH
- umask 022
- 3:创建相关目录
- [oracle@rac1 ~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin
- [oracle@rac1 ~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME
- [oracle@rac1 ~]$ mkdir -p $ORA_CRS_HOME
- 4:配置oracle用户等效性
- [oracle@rac1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
- Generating public/private rsa key pair.
- Enter file in which to save the key (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa):
- Created directory '/home/oracle/.ssh'.
- Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
- Enter same passphrase again:
- Your identification has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.
- Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
- The key fingerprint is:
- 99:4c:75:0b:3a:81:11:6a:e8:71:74:9e:94:89:00:d4 oracle@rac1.766.com
- [oracle@rac1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
- Generating public/private dsa key pair.
- Enter file in which to save the key (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa):
- Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
- Enter same passphrase again:
- Your identification has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.
- Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
- The key fingerprint is:
- df:f6:c0:ab:7f:84:91:af:d8:d8:e0:fd:76:77:74:f2 oracle@rac1.766.com
- [oracle@rac1 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_dsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys
- [oracle@rac1 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys
- [oracle@rac1 ~]$ scp /home/oracle/.ssh/authorized_keys oracle@rac2.766.com:/home/oracle/.ssh/
- 验证:不需要密码登录
- 在rac1节点上面分别ssh rac1;ssh rac1.766.com ; ssh rac2; ssh rac2.766.com
- 在rac2节点上面分别ssh rac1;ssh rac1.766.com ; ssh rac2; ssh rac2.766.com
三:配置共享存储
- 服务器IP:192.168.50.4
- 操作系统:RHEL6 64位
- 1:服务器端,详细配置步骤可参考http://ylw6006.blog.51cto.com/470441/580568
- [root@rhel6 ~]# lvcreate -n sharedisk -L 80G VolGroup00
- Logical volume "sharedisk" created
- [root@rhel6 ~]# yum -y install scsi-target-utils.x86_64
- [root@rhel6 ~]# service tgtd start
- [root@rhel6 ~]# service tgtd restart
- Stopping SCSI target daemon: [ OK ]
- Starting SCSI target daemon: [ OK ]
- [root@rhel6 ~]# chkconfig --add tgtdrules
- [root@rhel6 ~]# service tgtdrules start
- Starting Tgtdrules Server:
- [root@rhel6 ~]# service tgtdrules status
- Target 1: iqn.2011-06-01.com.766.rac:shareddisk
- System information:
- Driver: iscsi
- State: ready
- I_T nexus information:
- LUN information:
- LUN: 0
- Type: controller
- SCSI ID: IET 00010000
- SCSI SN: beaf10
- Size: 0 MB
- Online: Yes
- Removable media: No
- Backing store type: rdwr
- Backing store path: None
- LUN: 1
- Type: disk
- SCSI ID: IET 00010001
- SCSI SN: beaf11
- Size: 85899 MB
- Online: Yes
- Removable media: No
- Backing store type: rdwr
- Backing store path: /dev/VolGroup00/sharedisk
- Account information:
- ACL information:
- 192.168.50.191
- 192.168.50.192
- 2:配置共享存储客户端,centos4和rhel5以及rhel6的配置略微有点不同
- [root@rac1 ~]# wget ftp://ftp.is.co.za/mirror/centos/4.8/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/iscsi-initiator-utils-4.0.3.0-8.x86_64.rpm
- [root@rac1 ~]# rpm -ivh iscsi-initiator-utils-4.0.3.0-8.x86_64.rpm
- warning: iscsi-initiator-utils-4.0.3.0-8.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 443e1821
- Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
- 1:iscsi-initiator-utils ########################################### [100%]
- [root@rac1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/iscsi.conf |grep -v '^$'
- DiscoveryAddress=192.168.50.4
- TargetName=iqn.2011-06-01.com.766.rac:shareddisk
- Enabled=yes
- [root@rac1 ~]# service iscsi start
- Checking iscsi config: [ OK ]
- Loading iscsi driver: [ OK ]
- Starting iscsid: [ OK ]
- [root@rac1 ~]# iscsi-ls
- *******************************************************************************
- SFNet iSCSI Driver Version ...4:0.1.11-7(14-Apr-2008)
- *******************************************************************************
- TARGET NAME : iqn.2011-06-01.com.766.rac:shareddisk
- TARGET ALIAS :
- HOST ID : 0
- BUS ID : 0
- TARGET ID : 0
- TARGET ADDRESS : 192.168.50.4:3260,1
- SESSION STATUS : ESTABLISHED AT Sun Jun 19 07:23:36 CST 2011
- SESSION ID : ISID 00023d000001 TSIH 100
- *******************************************************************************
- [root@rac1 ~]# fdisk -l
- Disk /dev/sda: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Disk /dev/sda doesn't contain a valid partition table
四:配置raw设备
- 1:将共享存储/dev/sda分成8个分区,前5个分区sda5-9分别为2G,sda10-12分别为20G
- [root@rac1 ~]# fdisk -l
- Disk /dev/sda: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sda1 1 10443 83883366 5 Extended
- /dev/sda5 1 244 1959867 83 Linux
- /dev/sda6 245 488 1959898+ 83 Linux
- /dev/sda7 489 732 1959898+ 83 Linux
- /dev/sda8 733 976 1959898+ 83 Linux
- /dev/sda9 977 1220 1959898+ 83 Linux
- /dev/sda10 1221 3653 19543041 83 Linux
- /dev/sda11 3654 6086 19543041 83 Linux
- /dev/sda12 6087 8519 19543041 83 Linux
- [root@rac1 ~]#
- 2:将sda5-9绑定为裸设备,节点2上需要做相同的配置
- [root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
- # This file and interface are deprecated.
- # Applications needing raw device access should open regular
- # block devices with O_DIRECT.
- # raw device bindings
- # format: <rawdev> <major> <minor>
- # <rawdev> <blockdev>
- # example: /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sda1
- # /dev/raw/raw2 8 5
- /dev/raw/raw5 /dev/sda5
- /dev/raw/raw6 /dev/sda6
- /dev/raw/raw7 /dev/sda7
- /dev/raw/raw8 /dev/sda8
- /dev/raw/raw9 /dev/sda9
- [root@rac1 ~]# service rawdevices restart
- [root@rac1 ~]# raw -qa
- /dev/raw/raw5: bound to major 8, minor 5
- /dev/raw/raw6: bound to major 8, minor 6
- /dev/raw/raw7: bound to major 8, minor 7
- /dev/raw/raw8: bound to major 8, minor 8
- /dev/raw/raw9: bound to major 8, minor 9
- [root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/raw/raw*
- crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 5 Jun 19 08:10 /dev/raw/raw5
- crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 6 Jun 19 08:10 /dev/raw/raw6
- crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 7 Jun 19 08:10 /dev/raw/raw7
- crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 8 Jun 19 08:10 /dev/raw/raw8
- crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 9 Jun 19 08:10 /dev/raw/raw9
- [root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig rawdevices on
五:配置ASM
- 1:从oracle网站下载并安装相应的包,节点2上需要做相同的配置
- [root@rac1 ~]# cat down.txt
- http://oss.oracle.com/projects/oracleasm-support/dist/files/RPMS/rhel4/amd64/2.1.3/oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el4.x86_64.rpm
- http://download.oracle.com/otn_software/asmlib/oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el4.x86_64.rpm
- http://oss.oracle.com/projects/oracleasm/dist/files/RPMS/rhel4/amd64/2.0.5/2.6.9-89.EL/oracleasm-2.6.9-89.EL-debuginfo-2.0.5-1.el4.x86_64.rpm
- http://oss.oracle.com/projects/oracleasm/dist/files/RPMS/rhel4/amd64/2.0.5/2.6.9-89.EL/oracleasm-2.6.9-89.EL-2.0.5-1.el4.x86_64.rpm
- [root@rac1 ~]# wget -i down.txt
- [root@rac1 ~]# rpm -ivh *.rpm
- warning: oracleasm-2.6.9-89.EL-2.0.5-1.el4.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID b38a8516
- Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
- 1:oracleasm-support ########################################### [ 25%]
- 2:oracleasm-2.6.9-89.EL ########################################### [ 50%]
- 3:oracleasm-2.6.9-89.EL-d########################################### [ 75%]
- 4:oracleasmlib ########################################### [100%]
- 2:配置asm,节点2上需要做相同的配置
- [root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
- Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
- This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
- driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
- loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values
- will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an
- answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.
- Default user to own the driver interface []: oracle
- Default group to own the driver interface []: oinstall
- Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
- Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
- Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
- Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]
- Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [ OK ]
- 3:创建ASM磁盘
- [root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sda10
- Marking disk "VOL1" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
- [root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sda11
- Marking disk "VOL2" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
- [root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL3 /dev/sda12
- Marking disk "VOL3" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
- [root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
- VOL1
- VOL2
- VOL3
- 3:在节点2上应该可以看到同样的结果
- [root@rac2 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm enable
- Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
- Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]
- Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [ OK ]
- [root@rac2 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
- VOL1
- VOL2
- VOL3
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