nas网络存储

什么是网络附加存储或NAS？ (What Is Network Attached Storage or NAS?)

A Network Attached Storage (NAS) is a device connected to a computer network whose function is to share between users of a network area storage (or disk). Network Attached Storage (NAS) increases safety of data on it by:

网络附加存储(NAS)是连接到计算机网络的设备，其功能是在网络区域存储(或磁盘)的用户之间共享。 网络附加存储(NAS)通过以下方式提高了其上数据的安全性：

• Allowing RAID disk failure without loss of data;
  允许RAID磁盘发生故障而不会丢失数据；
• Facilitating a centralized backup system;
  促进集中备份系统；

Access to data is usually a password, and the encryption capabilities of data on disks and through the system are uncommon. A NAS, or Network Attached Storage is a standalone file server, connected to a network whose primary function is to store data in a volume centralized heterogeneous network clients .

访问数据通常是密码，并且磁盘上和通过系统的数据加密功能并不常见。 NAS或网络附加存储是独立的文件服务器，连接到网络，其主要功能是将数据存储在集中式卷的异构网络客户端中。

The NAS are generally, but not necessarily, small computer on board with the minimum necessary to communicate over the network. Nowadays the most popular NAS are basically PCs with Linux operating system usually (but not user-visible) and several hard disk for data storage. This architecture has the advantage of making files available simultaneously on different platforms such as Linux, Windows and Unix (or Mac OSX), as the operating system implements the network server for all popular standards such as FTP, Network File System (NFS) and Samba for Windows networks.

NAS通常(但不一定)是机载小型计算机，通过网络进行通讯所需的最少信息。 如今，最流行的NAS基本上是通常具有Linux操作系统(但对用户不可见)和数个用于存储数据的硬盘的PC。 这种体系结构的优点是使文件可同时在Linux，Windows和Unix(或Mac OSX)等不同平台上使用，因为操作系统为所有流行的标准(例如FTP，网络文件系统(NFS)和Samba)实现了网络服务器。对于Windows网络。

These devices should not be confused with the Storage Area Network (or SAN) storage solutions that are very different: these systems include a network, rather than use it for their operation, and are subject to proprietary technologies and protocols often lead to transfer of information useful to define the functionality of internal communication. Sometimes, a NAS system can be used as a node of a SAN, given the scalability of this architecture.

这些设备不应与非常不同的存储区域网络(SAN)存储解决方案混淆：这些系统包括网络，而不是使用网络进行操作，并且受专有技术和协议的约束，通常会导致信息传输定义内部通信的功能很有用。 鉴于此体系结构的可扩展性，有时NAS系统可以用作SAN的节点。

网络附加存储(NAS)的优势 (Network Attached Storage (NAS) Advantages)

The advantage of NAS, as well as centralized data storage in one place rather than spread them on different PCs on a network drive is that they are highly specialized in terms of performance and data security: most of these systems RAID can implement schemes that allow data to survive even if one disk fails, and also allow you to add and remove drives without turning off the drive (hot swap).

NAS和将数据集中存储在一个地方而不是将它们分散在网络驱动器上的不同PC上的优势在于，它们在性能和数据安全性方面高度专业化：这些系统中的大多数RAID都可以实现允许数据访问的方案即使一个磁盘发生故障也可以保留下来，并且还可以在不关闭驱动器的情况下添加和删除驱动器(热插拔)。

Within this architecture, the major disadvantage is mainly the huge amount of data that passes over the network and limits of performance and stability of NFS and other file system used in the network.

在此体系结构中，主要缺点主要是通过网络传递的大量数据以及网络中使用的NFS和其他文件系统的性能和稳定性的限制。

服务器的实现 (Implementation of a server)

Currently you can implement a NAS server:

当前，您可以实施NAS服务器：

• By purchasing a pre-configured server that implements a hardware already optimized for use
  通过购买预先配置的服务器，该服务器实施已针对使用进行了优化的硬件
• Using flash memory integrating a NAS native pre configured and easily customizable by the user
  使用集成了NAS本地用户预先配置和易于自定义的闪存
• Installing on a suitable hardware operating system properly configured to provide network services required by this type of use NAS.
  安装在适当配置的硬件操作系统上，以提供此类使用NAS所需的网络服务。

The more precautions regarding the implementation of these systems relate to the proper balancing of network infrastructure on which the NAS system will work.

有关实施这些系统的更多预防措施与NAS系统将在其上工作的网络基础结构的适当平衡有关。

此类设备的示例： (Examples of such devices: )

• Use of routers and switches
  路由器和交换机的使用
• Implementation of policies for filtering packets in transit on the network interface nodes
  在网络接口节点上实现对传输中的数据包进行过滤的策略的实现
• Developing a routing plan involving traffic resources reserved for fault recovery of connectivity
  制定包含流量资源以保留连接故障恢复的路由计划

网络附加存储操作 (Network Attached Storage Operation)

As a file server, the NAS provides services through an IP network with one or more of the following protocols:

作为文件服务器，NAS通过IP网络使用以下一种或多种协议提供服务：

• Common Internet File System (CIFS) formerly known as Server Message Block (SMB)
  通用Internet文件系统(CIFS)，以前称为服务器消息块(SMB)
• Network File System (NFS)
  网络文件系统(NFS)
• Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
  苹果文件协议(AFP)

Sometimes files are available via File Transfer Protocol (FTP). In general, the NAS is configured via a web interface.

有时文件可以通过文件传输协议(FTP)获得。 通常，NAS是通过Web界面配置的。

网络附加存储(NAS)的区别在于： (The Network Attached Storage (NAS) is distinguished: )

• Of Storage Area Networks (SANs) using protocols such as SCSI, Fibre Channel, iSCSI, ATA over Ethernet (AoE) or HyperSCSI across a dedicated network.
  在专用网络上使用诸如SCSI，光纤通道，iSCSI，以太网ATA(AoE)或HyperSCSI之类的协议的存储区域网络(SAN)。
• The Direct Attached Storage (SAR), that is to say, hard drive directly connected to the computer uses the protocols ATA, SATA, eSATA, SCSI, SAS and Fibre Channel via dedicated cables.
  直接连接存储(SAR)，即直接连接到计算机的硬盘驱动器通过专用电缆使用协议ATA，SATA，eSATA，SCSI，SAS和光纤通道。

The NAS can be integrated or point of entry of a SAN.

NAS可以集成或成为SAN的入口点。

网络附加存储(NAS)的用途 (Network Attached Storage (NAS) Uses)

The NAS aims to be accessible from the client servers across the network to store data. Centralized management as files has several advantages:

NAS旨在通过网络上的客户端服务器进行访问以存储数据。 文件集中管理具有以下优点：

• Facilitate the management of backup data over a network;
  促进通过网络管理备份数据；
• Attractive price of large capacity disks from purchasing discs in large numbers on each server in the network;
  通过在网络中的每台服务器上大量购买光盘来获得大容量磁盘的诱人价格；
• Accessed by multiple client servers to the same data stored on the NAS;
  多个客户端服务器访问存储在NAS上的相同数据；
• Reducing the time of administration of client servers with disk space management.
  通过磁盘空间管理减少了客户端服务器的管理时间。

The primary hardware component of this type of server is the disk drive. The SCSI, Parallel ATA, SAS, SATA or Fibre Channel use is chosen based on cost / performance required. When multiple disks are used, the RAID is used for securing stored data against the failure of one or more hard drives.

这类服务器的主要硬件组件是磁盘驱动器。 根据所需的成本/性能选择SCSI，并行ATA，SAS，SATA或光纤通道。 当使用多个磁盘时，RAID用于保护存储的数据以防止一个或多个硬盘驱动器发生故障。

The NAS server allows access from multiple servers based on the files. This allows administrators to easily implement and cost allocation systems load and fault tolerance.

NAS服务器允许基于文件从多个服务器进行访问。 这使管理员可以轻松地实施和成本分配系统的负载和容错能力。

网络附加存储历史记录 (Network Attached Storage History)

The server includes Novell NetWare NCP in 1983. In 1984, Sun Microsystems develops NFS allows file sharing across a network. He was soon followed by the LAN Manager from Microsoft and Novell.

该服务器包括1983年的Novell NetWareNCP。1984年，Sun Microsystems开发了NFS，允许通过网络共享文件。 不久之后，来自Microsoft和Novell的LAN Manager也随之加入。

3com (for Windows) and Auspex (for Unix) are the first to commercialize the NAS dedicated to the early 1990s. Some engineers create the NetApp Filer Auspex (in) operation that operates with Windows and Unix clients simultaneously. NetApp and Celerra (in) EMC then occupy the market.

3com(用于Windows)和Auspex(用于Unix)是最早将专用于1990年代初的NAS商业化的产品。 一些工程师创建了NetApp Filer Auspex(输入)操作，该操作可同时与Windows和Unix客户端一起运行。 然后，NetApp和Celerra(位于EMC中)占领了市场。

直接附加存储 (Direct Attached Storage)

A Direct Attached Storage is a storage device connected directly to a server or workstation without a network to act as an intermediary. It is mainly used as a term to differentiate storage not connected to a network by Storage Area Network and Network Attached Storage.

Direct Attached Storage是直接连接到服务器或工作站的存储设备，没有网络作为中介。 它主要用作区分未通过存储区域网络和网络连接存储连接到网络的存储的术语。

Among the storage architectures the DAS system was one of the first developed. Traditionally they are extensions to the data storage to a server that maintain, however, high transfer performance and data access. The most widely used protocols in communication with the server are SCSI, SAS and Fibre Channel as the interface through a Host Bus Adapter.

在存储体系结构中，DAS系统是最早开发的系统之一。 传统上，它们是服务器数据存储的扩展，但是可以保持较高的传输性能和数据访问权限。 与服务器通信最广泛使用的协议是SCSI，SAS和光纤通道作为通过主机总线适配器的接口。

DAS systems typically offer guarantees of fault tolerance (fault tolerance) and on data through RAID systems, the hardware redundancy through controllers, cooling and power.

DAS系统通常可提供容错性(容错性)和RAID系统上的数据保证，并通过控制器，冷却和电源实现硬件冗余。

The cheapest systems are simply containers for the storage unit without active components such as controllers, need, therefore, that the logical access and fault tolerance are handled by the HBA on the server. In contrast, medium and high-end systems have embedded controllers that provide RAID features, making it possible to use lower cost HBA without RAID. The embedded controllers also allow you to enable shared access to data, this allows multiple servers (usually no more than four) to access the same logical storage unit, a feature used primarily in clusters. In this case, the DAS at a higher level become similar to the lowest level SAN.

最便宜的系统只是存储单元的容器，而没有诸如控制器之类的活动组件，因此需要逻辑访问和容错能力由服务器上的HBA处理。 相比之下，中高端系统具有提供RAID功能的嵌入式控制器，从而可以使用不带RAID的低成本HBA。 嵌入式控制器还允许您启用对数据的共享访问，这允许多个服务器(通常不超过四个)访问同一逻辑存储单元，该功能主要在集群中使用。 在这种情况下，更高级别的DAS与最低级别的SAN相似。

The direct connection to the server used in DAS has some limitations are not negligible:

与DAS中使用的服务器的直接连接具有一些不可忽略的限制：

• Access and information sharing are difficult to manage
  访问和信息共享难以管理
• The expansion involves many problems
  扩张涉及很多问题
• The lack of flexibility
  缺乏灵活性
• The involvement of servers in data transfer operations to storage
  服务器参与将数据传输到存储的操作

The storage unit and the format of the data are tied to the platform which is connected to the drive. The high performance provided by the servers and storage devices are therefore not fully usable, it is often inadequate to meet the growing demand for services required by applications and users.

存储单元和数据格式与连接到驱动器的平台有关。 因此，服务器和存储设备提供的高性能无法完全使用，这常常不足以满足应用程序和用户对服务不断增长的需求。

The traditional networks using servers for the use of protocols and to transfer data to and from clients. These instructions deal with high bandwidth, CPU cycles and memory-hungry machine. It is clear then that every time you performing intensive read / write data over the network, the overall performance of the network “collapse”.

传统的网络使用服务器来使用协议并在客户端之间传输数据。 这些指令处理高带宽，CPU周期和需要大量内存的计算机。 显然，每次您通过网络执行密集的读/写数据时，网络的整体性能都会“崩溃”。

Study: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons.

研究：来自维基百科，免费的百科全书。 该文本可在“ 知识共享”下找到 。

翻译自: https://www.eukhost.com/blog/webhosting/network-attached-storage-nas/

nas网络存储