MySQL导出文件遇到secure-file-priv报错

前两天在电脑上安装了MySQL 8.0.18，在尝试从数据库导出csv文件时，遇到了以下报错：

ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement

secure-file-priv资料查询

上网一搜发现报错原因和secure-file-priv的值有关，secure-file-priv参数是用来限制mysql导入导出到哪个目录的。

查阅官方文档找到secure-file-priv的值有以下几种情况：

[外链图片转存中…(img-TKY9txDb-1572537802321)]

而使用命令 show variables like "%secu%";检查secure-file-priv的值，发现本地secure_file_priv的值设置的是NULL，那么就需要将secure_file_priv的值设置为空字符串或者dirname才能导出文件。

[外链图片转存中…(img-A9za5MJP-1572537802323)]

解决办法

那么接着问题来了，在哪里设置secure-file-priv的值呢？

不能直接设置，必须要在my.cnf文件里设置(mac在my.cnf)。

那么my.cnf文件在哪里呢？

在下面3个关键目录中使用find命令全部搜了一遍也没有找到my.cnf文件，没有办法只有在网上重新找了一个my.cnf文件。

/etc
/usr/local/mysql/support-files
/usr/local/mysql-8.0.18-macos10.14-x86_64/support-files

在找到my.cnf后，进入/etc目录下，使用sudo vim my.cnf命令新建my.cnf文件，并将以下内容添加到my.cnf文件中。

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.  #  # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays  # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with  # other programs (such as a web server)  #  # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of  # locations which depend on the deployment platform.  # You can copy this option file to one of those  # locations. For information about these locations, see:  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html  #  # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.  # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program  # with the "--help" option.  # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients  [client]default-character-set=utf8password   = your_passwordport        = 3306  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock   # Here follows entries for some specific programs  # The MySQL server  [mysqld]character-set-server=utf8init_connect='SET NAMES utf8port        = 3306  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  skip-external-locking  key_buffer_size = 16M  max_allowed_packet = 1M  table_open_cache = 64  sort_buffer_size = 512K  net_buffer_length = 8K  read_buffer_size = 256K  read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K  myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M  character-set-server=utf8  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' secure_file_priv=''
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking  # Replication Master Server (default)  # binary logging is required for replication  log-bin=mysql-bin  # binary logging format - mixed recommended  binlog_format=mixed  # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1  # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set  # but will not function as a master if omitted  server-id   = 1  # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)  #  # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between  # two methods :  #  # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -  #    the syntax is:  #  #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,  #    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;  #  #    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and  #    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).  #  #    Example:  #  #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,  #    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';  #  # OR  #  # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then  #    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example  #    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to  #    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later  #    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and  #    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown  #    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.  #    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched  #    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)  #  # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1  # (and different from the master)  # defaults to 2 if master-host is set  # but will not function as a slave if omitted  #server-id       = 2  #  # The replication master for this slave - required  #master-host     =   <hostname>  #  # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting  # to the master - required  #master-user     =   <username>  #  # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to  # the master - required  #master-password =   <password>  #  # The port the master is listening on.  # optional - defaults to 3306  #master-port     =  <port>  #  # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended  #log-bin=mysql-bin  # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables  #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend  #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %  # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high  #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M  #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M  # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size  #innodb_log_file_size = 5M  #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M  #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1  #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50  [mysqldump]  quick  max_allowed_packet = 16M  [mysql]  no-auto-rehash  # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL  #safe-updates  default-character-set=utf8   [myisamchk]  key_buffer_size = 20M  sort_buffer_size = 20M  read_buffer = 2M  write_buffer = 2M  [mysqlhotcopy]  interactive-timeout

注意！！！

一定要把上面文本中的password = your_password修改成自己的MySQL数据库的密码，我就是忘记改了，搞了3天，不管怎么修改secure_file_priv=’’，在重启数据库都没有用，终于在第3天重新梳理了一遍流程，仔细研究了my.cnf文件后，发现了问题所在。

修改好后，在系统偏好设置的MySQL中配置Configuration File文件，重新Apply然后再重启MySQL服务就可以了。

[外链图片转存中…(img-Wi0Gai5F-1572537802323)]

见证奇迹的时刻

一切准备就绪，让我们重新再来导出一次user表

mysql> select * from user into outfile '/tmp/user.csv';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)

大功告成！

###补充

虽然secure_file_priv设置为空字符串，也就是说可以任意导入导出到任何文件目录下，但是我也试了桌面和etc文件夹，都导出失败了，上网查询原因可能与文件访问权限、文件分组有关，这里就不再详细讨论了，/tmp目录是可以导入导出的，大家可以在这个目录下导出csv文件。

mysql> select * from user into outfile '~/Desktop/user/user.csv';
ERROR 1 (HY000): Can't create/write to file '/var/empty/Desktop/user/user.csv' (OS errno 2 - No such file or directory)
mysql> select * from user into outfile '/etc/user.csv';
ERROR 1 (HY000): Can't create/write to file '/etc/user.csv' (OS errno 13 - Permission denied)

参考文章：

MySQL官方开发者文档对secure_file_priv变量的描述
mac os上mysql secure-file-priv导入文件权限解决方案

如果对你有帮助的话，点赞、评论、赞赏都是对我的鼓励，也是支持我写下去的动力，谢谢！

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