项目场景：

导出40万以上的数据到xlsx

问题描述：

实施地出现导出40万数据到excel中时，CPU占不超过100%，时间超过半个小时，系统中其他功能模块卡顿

 @EcpGetMapping("/exportResultDetail")public void exportResultDetail(final HttpServletRequest req, final HttpServletResponse resp, @RequestParam final String operParams) {byte[] exportBytes = null;ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();try {JSONObject jsonObj = JSONObject.parseObject(operParams);String fileName = String.valueOf(jsonObj.get("fileName"));String fileType = String.valueOf(jsonObj.get("fileType"));String compId = String.valueOf(jsonObj.get("compId"));String modelId = String.valueOf(jsonObj.get("modelId"));List<Map> colList = this.mainResultService.findColListByModelId(compId, modelId);String queryParamStr = String.valueOf(jsonObj.get("queryParam"));Map queryParam = JSONUtil.fromJsonString(queryParamStr, Map.class);
//          fileName = new String(fileName.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"utf8");Map<String, Object> queryResult = this.tAmModelMainResultService.queryDetailList(queryParam);List<Map> list = (List<Map>) queryResult.get("data");final Workbook exportWorkbook = AmExcelHelpUtil.createWorkbook(fileType);exportWorkbook.createSheet(fileName);final CellStyle headCellStyle = exportWorkbook.createCellStyle();final CellStyle contentCellStyle = exportWorkbook.createCellStyle();final CellStyle contentCenterCellStyle = exportWorkbook.createCellStyle();final CellStyle contentRightCellStyle = exportWorkbook.createCellStyle();final Font headCellFont = exportWorkbook.createFont();final Font contentFont = exportWorkbook.createFont();final Sheet manuSheetNew = exportWorkbook.getSheetAt(0);manuSheetNew.setDefaultRowHeightInPoints((short) 25);manuSheetNew.setDefaultColumnWidth(25);final Row headRow = manuSheetNew.createRow(0); // 标题行int colCount = colList.size();for (int j = 0; j < colCount; j++) {final Cell cell = headRow.createCell(j);headCellStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);headCellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(CellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);headCellStyle.setWrapText(true);headCellFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short)10);headCellFont.setFontName("微软雅黑");headCellFont.setBoldweight(Font.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);headCellStyle.setFont(headCellFont);headCellStyle.setBorderBottom(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);headCellStyle.setBorderLeft(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);headCellStyle.setBorderRight(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);headCellStyle.setBorderTop(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);headCellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE.index);headCellStyle.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);cell.setCellStyle(headCellStyle);Map colMap = colList.get(j);String colCnName = String.valueOf(colMap.get("colcnname"));excelHelpUtil.setCellValue(fileType, manuSheetNew, 0, j, colCnName);}if (list != null && list.size() > 0) {int indx = 1;for (Map dataMap : list) {if (dataMap == null) {continue;}final Row row = manuSheetNew.createRow(indx);row.setHeightInPoints((short) 25);for (int j = 0; j < colCount; j++) {final Cell cell = row.createCell(j);Map colMap = colList.get(j);String colEnName = String.valueOf(colMap.get("colenname")).toLowerCase();String dataType = String.valueOf(colMap.get("coldatatype"));if ("1,2".contains(dataType)) {contentCenterCellStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);contentCenterCellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(CellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);contentCenterCellStyle.setWrapText(true);contentFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10);contentFont.setFontName("微软雅黑");contentCenterCellStyle.setFont(contentFont);contentCenterCellStyle.setBorderBottom(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCenterCellStyle.setBorderLeft(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCenterCellStyle.setBorderRight(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCenterCellStyle.setBorderTop(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);cell.setCellStyle(contentCenterCellStyle);} else if ("3".equals(dataType)) {contentRightCellStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT);contentRightCellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(CellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);contentRightCellStyle.setWrapText(true);contentFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10);contentFont.setFontName("微软雅黑");contentRightCellStyle.setFont(contentFont);contentRightCellStyle.setBorderBottom(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentRightCellStyle.setBorderLeft(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentRightCellStyle.setBorderRight(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentRightCellStyle.setBorderTop(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);cell.setCellStyle(contentRightCellStyle);} else {contentCellStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);contentCellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(CellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);contentCellStyle.setWrapText(true);contentFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10);contentFont.setFontName("微软雅黑");contentCellStyle.setFont(contentFont);contentCellStyle.setBorderBottom(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCellStyle.setBorderLeft(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCellStyle.setBorderRight(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCellStyle.setBorderTop(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);cell.setCellStyle(contentCellStyle);}excelHelpUtil.setCellValue(fileType, manuSheetNew, indx, j, String.valueOf(dataMap.get(colEnName)));}indx++;}}exportWorkbook.write(byteArrayOut);exportBytes = byteArrayOut.toByteArray();resp.setStatus(200);resp.setContentType("application/x-download;charset=utf8");resp.addHeader("Content-Disposition", String.format("attachment; filename=\"%s\"",URLEncoder.encode(fileName + "." + fileType, "UTF-8")));resp.getOutputStream().write(exportBytes);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}

原因分析：

大数据量导出应该使用poi 3.8以上提供的类SXSSFWorkbook，2007版 XSSFWorkbook不适用于数据量较大的数据导出。
创建样式对象时，应重复使用，不要每次填充cell时都新建一个样式对象。

解决方案：

/*** * @param req* @param resp* @param operParams*/@EcpGetMapping("/exportResultDetailForExcel")public void exportResultDetailForExcel(final HttpServletRequest req, final HttpServletResponse resp, @RequestParam final String operParams) {byte[] exportBytes = null;ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();SXSSFWorkbook exportWorkbook = null;try {JSONObject jsonObj = JSONObject.parseObject(operParams);String fileName = String.valueOf(jsonObj.get("fileName"));String fileType = String.valueOf(jsonObj.get("fileType"));String compId = String.valueOf(jsonObj.get("compId"));String modelId = String.valueOf(jsonObj.get("modelId"));List<Map> colList = this.mainResultService.findColListByModelId(compId, modelId);String queryParamStr = String.valueOf(jsonObj.get("queryParam"));Map queryParam = JSONUtil.fromJsonString(queryParamStr, Map.class);Map<String, Object> queryResult = this.tAmModelMainResultService.queryDetailList(queryParam);List<Map> list = (List<Map>) queryResult.get("data");exportWorkbook = new SXSSFWorkbook(2000);exportWorkbook.setCompressTempFiles(false);exportWorkbook.createSheet(fileName);final CellStyle headCellStyle = exportWorkbook.createCellStyle();final CellStyle contentCenterCellStyle = exportWorkbook.createCellStyle();final Font headCellFont = exportWorkbook.createFont();headCellStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);headCellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(CellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);headCellStyle.setWrapText(true);headCellFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short)10);headCellFont.setFontName("微软雅黑");headCellFont.setBoldweight(Font.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);headCellStyle.setFont(headCellFont);headCellStyle.setBorderBottom(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);headCellStyle.setBorderLeft(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);headCellStyle.setBorderRight(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);headCellStyle.setBorderTop(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);headCellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE.index);headCellStyle.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);final Font contentFont = exportWorkbook.createFont();//居中contentFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10);contentFont.setFontName("微软雅黑");contentCenterCellStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);contentCenterCellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(CellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);contentCenterCellStyle.setWrapText(true);contentCenterCellStyle.setFont(contentFont);contentCenterCellStyle.setBorderBottom(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCenterCellStyle.setBorderLeft(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCenterCellStyle.setBorderRight(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCenterCellStyle.setBorderTop(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//居右final CellStyle contentRightCellStyle = exportWorkbook.createCellStyle();contentRightCellStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT);contentRightCellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(CellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);contentRightCellStyle.setWrapText(true);contentRightCellStyle.setBorderBottom(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentRightCellStyle.setBorderLeft(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentRightCellStyle.setBorderRight(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentRightCellStyle.setBorderTop(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10);contentFont.setFontName("微软雅黑");contentRightCellStyle.setFont(contentFont);//居左final CellStyle contentCellStyle = exportWorkbook.createCellStyle();contentCellStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);contentCellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(CellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);contentCellStyle.setWrapText(true);contentFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10);contentFont.setFontName("微软雅黑");contentCellStyle.setFont(contentFont);contentCellStyle.setBorderBottom(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCellStyle.setBorderLeft(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCellStyle.setBorderRight(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);contentCellStyle.setBorderTop(CellStyle.BORDER_THIN);final Sheet manuSheetNew = exportWorkbook.getSheetAt(0);manuSheetNew.setDefaultRowHeightInPoints((short) 25);manuSheetNew.setDefaultColumnWidth(25);final Row headRow = manuSheetNew.createRow(0); // 标题行int colCount = colList.size();for (int j = 0; j < colCount; j++) {final Cell cell = headRow.createCell(j);   cell.setCellStyle(headCellStyle);Map colMap = colList.get(j);String colCnName = String.valueOf(colMap.get("colcnname"));excelHelpUtil.setSXSSFCellValue(fileType, manuSheetNew, 0, j, colCnName);}if (list != null && list.size() > 0) {int indx = 1;for (Map dataMap : list) {if (dataMap == null) {continue;}final Row row = manuSheetNew.createRow(indx);row.setHeightInPoints((short) 25);for (int j = 0; j < colCount; j++) {final Cell cell = row.createCell(j);Map colMap = colList.get(j);String colEnName = String.valueOf(colMap.get("colenname")).toLowerCase();String dataType = String.valueOf(colMap.get("coldatatype"));if ("1,2".contains(dataType)) {         cell.setCellStyle(contentCenterCellStyle);} else if ("3".equals(dataType)) {                              cell.setCellStyle(contentRightCellStyle);} else {                       cell.setCellStyle(contentCellStyle);}excelHelpUtil.setSXSSFCellValue(fileType, manuSheetNew, indx, j, String.valueOf(dataMap.get(colEnName)));}indx++;}}exportWorkbook.write(byteArrayOut);exportBytes = byteArrayOut.toByteArray();resp.setStatus(200);resp.setContentType("application/x-download;charset=utf8");resp.addHeader("Content-Disposition", String.format("attachment; filename=\"%s\"",URLEncoder.encode(fileName + "." + fileType, "UTF-8")));resp.getOutputStream().write(exportBytes);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally{if (exportWorkbook != null) {try {//删除磁盘上的文件deleteSXSSFTempFiles(exportWorkbook);} catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}/*** Returns a private attribute of a class* @param containingClass The class that contains the private attribute to retrieve* @param fieldToGet The name of the attribute to get* @return The private attribute* @throws NoSuchFieldException* @throws IllegalAccessException */public static Object getPrivateAttribute(final Object containingClass, final String fieldToGet) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {//get the field of the containingClass instanceField declaredField = containingClass.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldToGet);//set it as accessibledeclaredField.setAccessible(true);//access itObject get = declaredField.get(containingClass);//return it!return get;}/*** 删除缓存文件 Deletes all temporary files of the SXSSFWorkbook instance.* @param workbook* @throws NoSuchFieldException* @throws IllegalAccessException */public static void deleteSXSSFTempFiles(final SXSSFWorkbook workbook) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {int numberOfSheets = workbook.getNumberOfSheets();//iterate through all sheets (each sheet as a temp file)for (int i = 0; i < numberOfSheets; i++) {Sheet sheetAt = workbook.getSheetAt(i);//delete only if the sheet is written by streamif (sheetAt instanceof SXSSFSheet) {SheetDataWriter sdw = (SheetDataWriter) getPrivateAttribute(sheetAt,"_writer");//如果exportWorkbook.setCompressTempFiles(true);//下一行代码就会报错File f = (File) getPrivateAttribute(sdw,"_fd");try {f.delete();} catch (Exception ex) {//could not delete the file}}}}

说明：由于poi 3.8 没有 dispose()方法，所以需要写清除硬盘上存的文件，poi 3.8以上就可以直接使用。
exportWorkbook = new SXSSFWorkbook(2000);
就是将超过2000条的数据存入到电脑磁盘上，2000以内的数据放入缓存中，这样就可以减少内存的占用。创建样式的话，不需要放在for循环中，这样就解决问题了，36万的数据只需要10几秒就导出完成，提高了导出的性能。

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项目场景：

问题描述：

原因分析：

解决方案：

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