OS X进程管理之launchctl

Apple官方文档

如果 Mac 无法完成启动，请尝试安全模式

如果 Mac 无法开机应如何处理

在 Mac OS X 中设置固件密码保护

如何重置 Mac 上的 NVRAM

重置 Mac 上的系统管理控制器 (SMC)

在 Mac 上使用固件密码

简介

launchd之于OS X相对于Unix like系统而言如init,systemd,rc等，OS X的服务管理文件为.plist

关于launchctl可以man launchctl获得详细帮助

OS X级别开机启动项.plist

/Library/StartupItems/

/System/Library/StartupItems/

DEPRECATED AND REMOVED FUNCTIONALITY

launchctl no longer has an interactive mode, nor does it accept commands from stdin.

The /etc/launchd.conf file is no longer consulted for subcommands to run during early

boot time; this functionality was removed for security considerations. While it was

documented that $HOME/.launchd.conf would be consulted prior to setting up a user's

session, this functionality was never implemented.

launchd no longer uses Unix domain sockets for communication, so the LAUNCHD_SOCKET

environment variable is no longer relevant and is not set.

launchd no longer loads configuration files from the network

FILES

~/Library/LaunchAgents         Per-user agents provided by the user.

/Library/LaunchAgents          Per-user agents provided by the administrator.

/Library/LaunchDaemons         System wide daemons provided by the administrator.

/System/Library/LaunchAgents   OS X Per-user agents.

/System/Library/LaunchDaemons  OS X System wide daemons.

插曲--Mac Pro无法启动

本来想禁止apache开机自启动

launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.apache.httpd.plist

结果太大意，没想到手快了一步，命令敲成了

launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/

我的个乖乖，突然触摸板，键盘全部失灵，有点慌了，怎么回事儿，还好有点linux基础，看了下命令，把系统的很多Daemons直接停掉并去除了开机启动了，重启后直接卡死在苹果LOGO下，进度好容易走完了，却看不能美美的桌面，完了。真的是没法加载相关Daemon从而加载硬件驱动，系统无法正常启动。

问了下度娘，有说重新加载SMC的，详风苹果官方文档https://support.apple.com/zh-cn/HT201295

试了下，没效果不说，反而风扇狂转不止，更加担心了，难道要重装，oh, my god

又百度了下，看了下无法启动的基本排查思路和顺序，理了理头绪，既然是不小心去掉了开机启动项，还原回去就可以了，于是

A方案(失败)

进Recovery模式，将unload掉的全部加入到开机启动项后重启

chroot /Volumes/Macintosh HD

cp -a System/Library/LaunchDaemons/* Library/StartupItems/

cp -a System/Library/LaunchDaemons/* System/Library/StartupItems/

exit

launchctl reboot

失败告终

B方案(成功)

如何以单用户模式或详细模式启动 Mac

注意：进入单用户模式权限太大，太危险，可以为单用户模式加道锁，可选的组合方案如下

1.启用FileVault，进入单用户模式时会要求输入密码确认(性能比没做磁盘加密肯定会低些)

2.设置固件密码，阻止光盘，U盘等其它第三方介质启动，只有关闭固件密码后才能进入单用户模式

Command+S进入单用户模式

说明：OS X也有单用户模式，和linux很像，字符界面

以读写模式挂载根

mount -uw /

launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/

只看到一大堆提示加载什么成功，之后便进入到了美美的图形界面，这时心里就有底了

可是问题来了

再次重启，还是无法正常进入图形

想想，只是在单用户模式下临时加载了daemon而启动到了多用户图形模式，而该模式(正常的图形模式)并没有将unload的daemon加入到开机启动项，所以仍然无法正常启动。于是，

重复上述动作进入图形后，再次执行launchctl load -wF /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/，让图形模式的开机启动项中也有被unload掉的daemon

终于，再次重启就一切回归正常了，感谢万能的度娘

man launchctl中有这么一小段，更加说明了此次无法正常启动的缘由

简单点讲，就是放在/System/Library/LaunchDaemons某个第三方daemon可能导致系统无法正常启动，而我的情况是/System/Library/LaunchDaemons下的所以daemon都被unload掉了，系统当然无法正常启动

Note that allowing non-root write access to the

/System/Library/LaunchDaemons directory WILL render your system unbootable.

-w       Overrides the Disabled key and sets it to false or true for the

load and unload subcommands respectively. In previous versions,

this option would modify the configuration file. Now the state of

the Disabled key is stored elsewhere on- disk in a location that

may not be directly manipulated by any process other than launchd.

正题

常用的几个launchctl命令

launchctl start|stop|list|remove label

launchctl load|unload paths

launchctl print|kickstart|kill|enable|disable service-target

以apache为例

/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.apache.httpd.plist   #就是path

org.apache.httpd #就是label

1.daemon stop

jlive@MacBook-Pro:~ $su -

Password:

MacBook-Pro:~ root# ls /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.apache.httpd.plist

/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.apache.httpd.plist

MacBook-Pro:~ root# ps -ef|grep httpd

0    87     1   0 11:18PM ??         0:01.56 /usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND

70   246    87   0 11:18PM ??         0:00.03 /usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND

0  3971  3964   0  3:20PM ttys000    0:00.00 grep httpd

MacBook-Pro:~ root# launchctl stop org.apache.httpd

MacBook-Pro:~ root# ps -ef|grep httpd

0  3988  3964   0  3:20PM ttys000    0:00.00 grep httpd

2.daemon start

MacBook-Pro:~ root# launchctl start org.apache.httpd

MacBook-Pro:~ root# ps -ef|grep httpd

0  4000     1   0  3:23PM ??         0:00.15 /usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND

70  4001  4000   0  3:23PM ??         0:00.00 /usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND

3.daemon list

MacBook-Pro:~ root# launchctl list|grep apache

4035 0 org.apache.httpd

0  4003  3964   0  3:23PM ttys000    0:00.00 grep httpd

说明：load|unload并不一定会start|stop相关服务，它只是在start或stop前载入相关配置环境

4.unload plist

MacBook-Pro:~ root# launchctl unload /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.apache.httpd.plist

MacBook-Pro:~ root# ps -ef|grep httpd

0  4237  4221   0  4:01PM ttys001    0:00.00 grep httpd

4.load plist

MacBook-Pro:~ root# launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.apache.httpd.plist 

MacBook-Pro:~ root# ps -ef|grep httpd

0  4241     1   0  4:01PM ??         0:00.16 /usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND

70  4243  4241   0  4:01PM ??         0:00.00 /usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND

0  4245  4221   0  4:01PM ttys001    0:00.00 grep httpd

5.print service-target

MacBook-Pro:~ root# launchctl print system/org.apache.httpd|head

org.apache.httpd = {

active count = 1

path = /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.apache.httpd.plist

state = running

program = /usr/sbin/httpd-wrapper

arguments = {

/usr/sbin/httpd-wrapper

-D

FOREGROUND

6.kill service-target