目录

CHAPTERS

1 Computer Abstractions and Technology

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Eight Great Ideas in Computer Architecture

1.3 Below Your Program

1.4 Under the Covers

1.5 Technologies for Building Processors and Memory

1.6 Performance

1.7 The Power Wall

1.8 The Sea Change: The Switch from Uniprocessors to Multiprocessors

1.9 Real Stuff: Benchmarking the Intel Core i7

1.10 Fallacies and Pitfalls

1.11 Concluding Remarks

1.12 Historical Perspective and Further Reading

1.13 Exercises

2 Instructions: Language of the Computer

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Operations of the Computer Hardware

2.3 Operands of the Computer Hardware

2.4 Signed and Unsigned Numbers

2.5 Representing Instructions in the Computer

2.6 Logical Operations

2.7 Instructions for Making Decisions

2.8 Supporting Procedures in Computer Hardware

2.9 Communicating with People

2.10 RISC-V Addressing for Wide Immediates and Addresses

2.11 Parallelism and Instructions: Synchronization

2.12 Translating and Starting a Program

2.13 A C Sort Example to Put it All Together

2.14 Arrays versus Pointers

2.15 Advanced Material: Compiling C and Interpreting lava

2.16 Real Stuff: MIPS Instructions

2.17 Real Stuff: x86 Instructions

2.18 Real Stuff: The Rest of the RISC-V Instruction Set

2.19 Fallacies and Pitfalls

2.20 Concluding Remarks

2.21 Historical Perspective and Further Reading

2.22 Exercises

3 Arithmetic for Computers

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Addition and Subtraction

3.3 Multiplication

3.4 Division

3.5 Floating Point

3.6 Parallelism and Computer Arithmetic: Subword Parallelism

3.7 Real Stuff: Streaming SIMD Extensions and Advanced Vector Extensions in x86

3.8 Going Faster: Subword Parallelism and Matrix Multiply

3.9 Fallacies and Pitfalls

3.10 Concluding Remarks

3.11 Historical Perspective and Further Reading

3.12 Exercises

4 The Processor

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Logic Design Conventions

4.3 Building a Datapath

4.4 A Simple Implementation Scheme

4.5 An Overview of Pipelining

4.6 Pipelined Datapath and Control

4.7 Data Hazards: Forwarding versus Stalling

4.8 Control Hazards

4.9 Exceptions

4.10 Parallelism via Instructions

4.11 Real Stuff: The ARM Cortex-A53 and Intel Core i7 Pipelines

4.12 Going Faster: Instruction-Level Parallelism and Matrix Multiply

4.13 Advanced Topic: An Introduction to Digital Design Using a Hardware Design Language to Describe and Model a Pipeline and More Pipelining Illustrations

4.14 Fallacies and Pitfalls

4.15 Concluding Remarks

4.16 Historical Perspective and Further Reading

4.17 Exercises

5 Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Memory Technologies

5.3 The Basics of Caches

5.4 Measuring and Improving Cache Performance

5.5 Dependable Memory Hierarchy

5.6 Virtual Machines

5.7 Virtual Memory

5.8 A Common Framework for Memory Hierarchy

5.9 Using a Finite-State Machine to Control a Simple Cache

5.10 Parallelism and Memory Hierarchy: Cache Coherence

5.11 Parallelism and Memory Hierarchy: Redundant Arrays ot Inexpensive Disks

5.12 Advanced Material: Implementing Cache Controllers

5.13 Real Stuff: The ARM Cortex-A53 and Intel Core i7 Memory Hierarchies

5.14 Real Stuff: The Rest of the RISC-V System and Special Instructions

5.15 Going Faster: Cache Blocking and Matrix Multiply

5.16 Fallacies and Pitfalls

5.17 Concluding Remarks

5.18 Historical Perspective and Further Reading

5.19 Exercises

6 Parallel Processors from Client to Cloud

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The Difficulty of Creating Parallel Processing Programs

6.3 SISD, MIMD, SIMD

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