# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 2017/12/2 21:38
# 这不是什么黑魔法,你只需要让包装器传递参数:
def a_decorator_passing_arguments(function_to_decorate):def a_wrapper_accepting_arguments(arg1, arg2):print("I got args! Look:", arg1, arg2)function_to_decorate(arg1, arg2)return a_wrapper_accepting_arguments# 当你调用装饰器返回的函数时,也就调用了包装器,把参数传入包装器里,
# 它将把参数传递给被装饰的函数里.@a_decorator_passing_arguments
def print_full_name(first_name, last_name):print("My name is", first_name, last_name)print_full_name("Peter", "Venkman")
# 输出:
#I got args! Look: Peter Venkman
#My name is Peter Venkman

def method_friendly_decorator(method_to_decorate):def wrapper(self, lie):lie = lie - 3 # 女性福音 :-)return method_to_decorate(self, lie)return wrapperclass Lucy(object):def __init__(self):self.age = 32@method_friendly_decoratordef sayYourAge(self, lie):print("I am %s, what did you think?" % (self.age + lie))l = Lucy()
l.sayYourAge(-3)
#输出: I am 26, what did you think?

def a_decorator_passing_arbitrary_arguments(function_to_decorate):# 包装器接受所有参数def a_wrapper_accepting_arbitrary_arguments(*args, **kwargs):print("Do I have args?:")print(args)print(kwargs)# 现在把*args,**kwargs解包# 如果你不明白什么是解包的话,请查阅:# http://www.saltycrane.com/blog/2008/01/how-to-use-args-and-kwargs-in-python/function_to_decorate(*args, **kwargs)return a_wrapper_accepting_arbitrary_arguments@a_decorator_passing_arbitrary_arguments
def function_with_no_argument():print("Python is cool, no argument here.")function_with_no_argument()
#输出
#Do I have args?:
#()
#{}
#Python is cool, no argument here.@a_decorator_passing_arbitrary_arguments
def function_with_arguments(a, b, c):print(a, b, c)function_with_arguments(1,2,3)
#输出
#Do I have args?:
#(1, 2, 3)
#{}
#1 2 3@a_decorator_passing_arbitrary_arguments
def function_with_named_arguments(a, b, c, platypus="Why not ?"):print("Do %s, %s and %s like platypus? %s" %(a, b, c, platypus))function_with_named_arguments("Bill", "Linus", "Steve", platypus="Indeed!")
#输出
#Do I have args ? :
#('Bill', 'Linus', 'Steve')
#{'platypus': 'Indeed!'}
#Do Bill, Linus and Steve like platypus? Indeed!class Mary(object):def __init__(self):self.age = 31@a_decorator_passing_arbitrary_argumentsdef sayYourAge(self, lie=-3): # 可以加入一个默认值print("I am %s, what did you think ?" % (self.age + lie))m = Mary()
m.sayYourAge()
#输出
# Do I have args?:
#(<__main__.Mary object at 0xb7d303ac>,)
#{}
#I am 28, what did you think?

# 装饰器就是一个'平常不过'的函数
def my_decorator(func):print "I am an ordinary function"def wrapper():print "I am function returned by the decorator"func()return wrapper# 因此你可以不用"@"也可以调用他def lazy_function():print "zzzzzzzz"decorated_function = my_decorator(lazy_function)
#输出: I am an ordinary function# 之所以输出 "I am an ordinary function"是因为你调用了函数,
# 并非什么魔法.@my_decorator
def lazy_function():print "zzzzzzzz"#输出: I am an ordinary function

def decorator_maker():print "I make decorators! I am executed only once: "+\"when you make me create a decorator."def my_decorator(func):print "I am a decorator! I am executed only when you decorate a function."def wrapped():print ("I am the wrapper around the decorated function. ""I am called when you call the decorated function. ""As the wrapper, I return the RESULT of the decorated function.")return func()print "As the decorator, I return the wrapped function."return wrappedprint "As a decorator maker, I return a decorator"return my_decorator# 让我们建一个装饰器.它只是一个新函数.
new_decorator = decorator_maker()
#输出:
#I make decorators! I am executed only once: when you make me create a decorator.
#As a decorator maker, I return a decorator# 下面来装饰一个函数def decorated_function():print "I am the decorated function."decorated_function = new_decorator(decorated_function)
#输出:
#I am a decorator! I am executed only when you decorate a function.
#As the decorator, I return the wrapped function# Let’s call the function:
decorated_function()
#输出:
#I am the wrapper around the decorated function. I am called when you call the decorated function.
#As the wrapper, I return the RESULT of the decorated function.
#I am the decorated function.

def decorated_function():print "I am the decorated function."
decorated_function = decorator_maker()(decorated_function)
#输出:
#I make decorators! I am executed only once: when you make me create a decorator.
#As a decorator maker, I return a decorator
#I am a decorator! I am executed only when you decorate a function.
#As the decorator, I return the wrapped function.# 最后:
decorated_function()
#输出:
#I am the wrapper around the decorated function. I am called when you call the decorated function.
#As the wrapper, I return the RESULT of the decorated function.
#I am the decorated function.

@decorator_maker()
def decorated_function():print "I am the decorated function."
#输出:
#I make decorators! I am executed only once: when you make me create a decorator.
#As a decorator maker, I return a decorator
#I am a decorator! I am executed only when you decorate a function.
#As the decorator, I return the wrapped function.#最终:
decorated_function()
#输出:
#I am the wrapper around the decorated function. I am called when you call the decorated function.
#As the wrapper, I return the RESULT of the decorated function.
#I am the decorated function.

def decorator_maker_with_arguments(decorator_arg1, decorator_arg2):print "I make decorators! And I accept arguments:", decorator_arg1, decorator_arg2def my_decorator(func):# 这里传递参数的能力是借鉴了 closures.# 如果对closures感到困惑可以看看下面这个:# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13857/can-you-explain-closures-as-they-relate-to-pythonprint "I am the decorator. Somehow you passed me arguments:", decorator_arg1, decorator_arg2# 不要忘了装饰器参数和函数参数!def wrapped(function_arg1, function_arg2) :print ("I am the wrapper around the decorated function.\n""I can access all the variables\n""\t- from the decorator: {0} {1}\n""\t- from the function call: {2} {3}\n""Then I can pass them to the decorated function".format(decorator_arg1, decorator_arg2,function_arg1, function_arg2))return func(function_arg1, function_arg2)return wrappedreturn my_decorator@decorator_maker_with_arguments("Leonard", "Sheldon")
def decorated_function_with_arguments(function_arg1, function_arg2):print ("I am the decorated function and only knows about my arguments: {0}"" {1}".format(function_arg1, function_arg2))decorated_function_with_arguments("Rajesh", "Howard")
#输出:
#I make decorators! And I accept arguments: Leonard Sheldon
#I am the decorator. Somehow you passed me arguments: Leonard Sheldon
#I am the wrapper around the decorated function.
#I can access all the variables
#   - from the decorator: Leonard Sheldon
#   - from the function call: Rajesh Howard
#Then I can pass them to the decorated function
#I am the decorated function and only knows about my arguments: Rajesh Howard

c1 = "Penny"
c2 = "Leslie"@decorator_maker_with_arguments("Leonard", c1)
def decorated_function_with_arguments(function_arg1, function_arg2):print ("I am the decorated function and only knows about my arguments:"" {0} {1}".format(function_arg1, function_arg2))decorated_function_with_arguments(c2, "Howard")
#输出:
#I make decorators! And I accept arguments: Leonard Penny
#I am the decorator. Somehow you passed me arguments: Leonard Penny
#I am the wrapper around the decorated function.
#I can access all the variables
#   - from the decorator: Leonard Penny
#   - from the function call: Leslie Howard
#Then I can pass them to the decorated function
#I am the decorated function and only knows about my arguments: Leslie Howard

>>> def f():
...     a=2
...     return lambda k:a**k
...
>>> g=f()
>>> g.__closure__
(<cell at 0x000001888D17F2E8: int object at 0x0000000055F4C6D0>,)
>>> c=g.__closure__[0]
>>> c.cell_contents
2

from functools import wraps,update_wrapper
def log(level="low"):def deco(func):@wraps(func)def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):''' I am wrapper function'''print("log was in...")if level == "low":print("detailes was needed")return func(*args,**kwargs)#wrapper.__name__ = func.__name__#update_wrapper(wrapper, func, ('__name__','__doc__'), ('__dict__',))return wrapperreturn deco@log()
def myFunc():'''I am myFunc...'''print("myFunc was called")print(myFunc.__name__)
print(myFunc.__doc__)
myFunc()"""
myFunc
I am myFunc...
log was in...
detailes was needed
myFunc was called
"""

>>> from inspect import signature
>>> def f(a,b,c=1):pass
>>> sig=signature(f)
>>> sig.parameters
mappingproxy(OrderedDict([('a', <Parameter "a">), ('b', <Parameter "b">), ('c', <Parameter "c=1">)]))
>>> a=sig.parameters['a']
>>> a.name
'a'
>>> a
<Parameter "a">
>>> dir(a)
['KEYWORD_ONLY', 'POSITIONAL_ONLY', 'POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD', 'VAR_KEYWORD', 'VAR_POSITIONAL', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setstate__', '__sizeof__', '__slots__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '_annotation', '_default', '_kind', '_name', 'annotation', 'default', 'empty', 'kind', 'name', 'replace']
>>> a.kind
<_ParameterKind.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD: 1>
>>> a.default
<class 'inspect._empty'>
>>> c=sig.parameters['c']
>>> c.default
1
>>> sig.bind(str,int,int)
<BoundArguments (a=<class 'str'>, b=<class 'int'>, c=<class 'int'>)>
>>> bargs=sig.bind(str,int,int)
>>> bargs.arguments
OrderedDict([('a', <class 'str'>), ('b', <class 'int'>), ('c', <class 'int'>)])
>>> bargs.arguments['a']
<class 'str'>
>>> bargs.arguments['b']
<class 'int'>

from inspect import signature
def typeassert(*ty_args,**ty_kargs):def decorator(func):#func ->a,b#d = {'a':int,'b':str}sig = signature(func)btypes = sig.bind_partial(*ty_args,**ty_kargs).argumentsdef wrapper(*args,**kargs):#arg in d,instance(arg,d[arg])for name, obj in sig.bind(*args,**kargs).arguments.items():if name in btypes:if not isinstance(obj,btypes[name]):raise TypeError('"%s" must be "%s"' %(name,btypes[name]))return func(*args,**kargs)return wrapperreturn decorator@typeassert(int,str,list)
def f(a,b,c):print(a,b,c)f(1,'abc',[1,2,3])
# f(1,2,[1,2,3])

from functools import wraps
import time
import logging
def warn(timeout):# timeout = [timeout]def deco(func):def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):start = time.time()res = func(*args,**kwargs)used = time.time() -startif used > timeout:msg = '"%s" : %s > %s'%(func.__name__,used,timeout)logging.warn(msg)return resdef setTimeout(k):nonlocal timeout# timeout[0] = ktimeout=kprint("timeout was given....")wrapper.setTimeout = setTimeoutreturn wrapperreturn decofrom random import randint
@warn(1.5)
def test():print("in test...")while randint(0,1):time.sleep(0.5)for _ in range(30):test()test.setTimeout(1)
print("after set to 1....")
for _ in range(30):test()

#为了debug,堆栈跟踪将会返回函数的 __name__
def foo():print("foo")print(foo.__name__)
#输出: foo
########################################
# 如果加上装饰器,将变得有点复杂
def bar(func):def wrapper():print("bar")return func()return wrapper@bar
def foo():print("foo")print(foo.__name__)
#输出: wrapper
#######################################
# "functools" 将有所帮助
import functoolsdef bar(func):# 我们所说的"wrapper",正在包装 "func",# 好戏开始了@functools.wraps(func)def wrapper():print("bar")return func()return wrapper@bar
def foo():print("foo")print(foo.__name__)
#输出: foo