四、Web开发

1、简介

使用SpringBoot;

1)、创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;

2)、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来

3)、自己编写业务代码;

自动配置原理?

这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?xxx

xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;

2、SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {//可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
 WebMvcAuotConfiguration:@Overridepublic void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");return;}Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/").setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));}String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();//静态资源文件夹映射if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern).addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()).setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));}}//配置欢迎页映射@Beanpublic WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());}//配置喜欢的图标@Configuration@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)public static class FaviconConfiguration {private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;}@Beanpublic SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);//所有  **/favicon.ico mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",faviconRequestHandler()));return mapping;}@Beanpublic ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();requestHandler.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());return requestHandler;}}

1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;

​ webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;

http://www.webjars.org/

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localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可<dependency><groupId>org.webjars</groupId><artifactId>jquery</artifactId><version>3.3.1</version></dependency>

2)、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射

"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":当前项目的根路径

localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc

3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;

​ localhost:8080/ 找index页面

4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;

3、模板引擎

JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf

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SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;

语法更简单,功能更强大;

1、引入thymeleaf;

      <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>2.1.6</dependency>
切换thymeleaf版本
<properties><thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version><!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 --><!-- thymeleaf2   layout1--><thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version></properties>

2、Thymeleaf使用

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";//

只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;

使用:

1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

2、使用thymeleaf语法;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body><h1>成功!</h1><!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 --><div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>

3、语法规则

1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;

​ th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值

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2)、表达式?

Simple expressions:(表达式语法)Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法2)、使用内置的基本对象:#ctx : the context object.#vars: the context variables.#locale : the context locale.#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.${session.foo}3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:<div th:object="${session.user}"><p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p><p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p><p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p></div>Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>Literals(字面量)Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…Boolean literals: true , falseNull literal: nullLiteral tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)String concatenation: +Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)Binary operators: and , orBoolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)If-then: (if) ? (then)If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:No-Operation: _

4、SpringMVC自动配置

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developing-web-applications

1. Spring MVC auto-configuration

Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC

以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)

  • Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.

    • 自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
    • ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
    • 如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
  • Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars

  • Static index.html support. 静态首页访问

  • Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico

  • 自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.

    • Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
    • Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
     @Bean@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件}

自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可

  • Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).

    • HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User—Json;

    • HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;

      自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)

  • Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则

  • Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).

    我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)

    初始化WebDataBinder;
    请求数据=====JavaBean;
    

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;

If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.

If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.

2、扩展SpringMVC

    <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/><mvc:interceptors><mvc:interceptor><mvc:mapping path="/hello"/><bean></bean></mvc:interceptor></mvc:interceptors>

编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc;

既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {@Overridepublic void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {// super.addViewControllers(registry);//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 successregistry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");}
}

原理:

​ 1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类

​ 2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

    @Configurationpublic static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();//从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer@Autowired(required = false)public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);//一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用;@Override// public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {//    for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {//       delegate.addViewControllers(registry);//   }}}}

​ 3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;

​ 4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;

​ 效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;

3、全面接管SpringMVC;

SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了

我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {@Overridepublic void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {// super.addViewControllers(registry);//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 successregistry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");}
}

原理:

为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;

1)@EnableWebMvc的核心

@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {

2)、

@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

3)、

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;

5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;

5、如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置

模式:

​ 1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来;

​ 2)、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置

​ 3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置

6、RestfulCRUD

1)、默认访问首页


//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
//@EnableWebMvc   不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {@Overridepublic void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {// super.addViewControllers(registry);//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 successregistry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");}//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用@Bean //将组件注册在容器public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {@Overridepublic void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");}};return adapter;}
}

2)、国际化

1)、编写国际化配置文件;

2)、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件

3)、在页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容

步骤:

1)、编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息

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2)、SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {/*** Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath* location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for* slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as* "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.*/private String basename = "messages";  //我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫messages.properties;@Beanpublic MessageSource messageSource() {ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {//设置国际化资源文件的基础名(去掉语言国家代码的)messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));}if (this.encoding != null) {messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());}messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);return messageSource;}

3)、去页面获取国际化的值;

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"  xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"><meta name="description" content=""><meta name="author" content=""><title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title><!-- Bootstrap core CSS --><link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet"><!-- Custom styles for this template --><link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet"></head><body class="text-center"><form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html"><img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72"><h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1><label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus=""><label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label><input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required=""><div class="checkbox mb-3"><label><input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]</label></div><button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button><p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p><a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a><a class="btn btn-sm">English</a></form></body></html>

效果:根据浏览器语言设置的信息切换了国际化;

原理:

​ 国际化Locale(区域信息对象);LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象);

     @Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBean@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {if (this.mvcProperties.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());}AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());return localeResolver;}
默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化

4)、点击链接切换国际化

/*** 可以在连接上携带区域信息*/
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {@Overridepublic Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {String l = request.getParameter("l");Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){String[] split = l.split("_");locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);}return locale;}@Overridepublic void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {}
}@Beanpublic LocaleResolver localeResolver(){return new MyLocaleResolver();}
}

3)、登陆

开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效

1)、禁用模板引擎的缓存

# 禁用缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

2)、页面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新编译;

登陆错误消息的显示

<pstyle="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

4)、拦截器进行登陆检查

拦截器


/*** 登陆检查,*/
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {//目标方法执行之前@Overridepublic boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");if(user == null){//未登陆,返回登陆页面request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆");request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);return false;}else{//已登陆,放行请求return true;}}@Overridepublic void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {}@Overridepublic void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {}
}

注册拦截器

  //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用@Bean //将组件注册在容器public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {@Overridepublic void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");}//注册拦截器@Overridepublic void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {//super.addInterceptors(registry);//静态资源;  *.css , *.js//SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源映射registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**").excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");}};return adapter;}

5)、CRUD-员工列表

实验要求:

1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;

URI: /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作

普通CRUD(uri来区分操作) RestfulCRUD
查询 getEmp emp—GET
添加 addEmp?xxx emp—POST
修改 updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx emp/{id}—PUT
删除 deleteEmp?id=1 emp/{id}—DELETE

2)、实验的请求架构;

实验功能 请求URI 请求方式
查询所有员工 emps GET
查询某个员工(来到修改页面) emp/1 GET
来到添加页面 emp GET
添加员工 emp POST
来到修改页面(查出员工进行信息回显) emp/1 GET
修改员工 emp PUT
删除员工 emp/1 DELETE

3)、员工列表:

thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取

1、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>2、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名3、默认效果:
insert的公共片段在div标签中
如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}:
行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];

三种引入公共片段的th属性:

th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中

th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段

th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中

<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>效果
<div><footer>&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery</footer>
</div><footer>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer><div>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

引入片段的时候传入参数:


<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-sticky"><ul class="nav flex-column"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active"th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home"><path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path><polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline></svg>Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li><!--引入侧边栏;传入参数-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>

6)、CRUD-员工添加

添加页面

<form><div class="form-group"><label>LastName</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan"></div><div class="form-group"><label>Email</label><input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com"></div><div class="form-group"><label>Gender</label><br/><div class="form-check form-check-inline"><input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="1"><label class="form-check-label"></label></div><div class="form-check form-check-inline"><input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="0"><label class="form-check-label"></label></div></div><div class="form-group"><label>department</label><select class="form-control"><option>1</option><option>2</option><option>3</option><option>4</option><option>5</option></select></div><div class="form-group"><label>Birth</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan"></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>

提交的数据格式不对:生日:日期;

2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;

日期的格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;

2017-12-12—Date; 类型转换,格式化;

默认日期是按照/的方式;

7)、CRUD-员工修改

修改添加二合一表单

<!--需要区分是员工修改还是添加;-->
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post"><!--发送put请求修改员工数据--><!--
1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自动配置好的)
2、页面创建一个post表单
3、创建一个input项,name="_method";值就是我们指定的请求方式
--><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/><input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}"><div class="form-group"><label>LastName</label><input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}"></div><div class="form-group"><label>Email</label><input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}"></div><div class="form-group"><label>Gender</label><br/><div class="form-check form-check-inline"><input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}"><label class="form-check-label"></label></div><div class="form-check form-check-inline"><input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}"><label class="form-check-label"></label></div></div><div class="form-group"><label>department</label><!--提交的是部门的id--><select class="form-control" name="department.id"><option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option></select></div><div class="form-group"><label>Birth</label><input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
</form>

8)、CRUD-员工删除

<tr th:each="emp:${emps}"><td th:text="${emp.id}"></td><td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td><td th:text="${emp.email}"></td><td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'':''"></td><td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td><td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td><td><a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">编辑</a><button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">删除</button></td>
</tr><script>$(".deleteBtn").click(function(){//删除当前员工的$("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();return false;});</script>

7、错误处理机制

1)、SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制

默认效果:

​ 1)、浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面

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浏览器发送请求的请求头:

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​ 2)、如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据

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原理:

​ 可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置;

给容器中添加了以下组件

​ 1、DefaultErrorAttributes:

帮我们在页面共享信息;
@Overridepublic Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,boolean includeStackTrace) {Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);return errorAttributes;}

​ 2、BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));response.setStatus(status.value());//去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);}@RequestMapping@ResponseBody    //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);}

​ 3、ErrorPageCustomizer:

 @Value("${error.path:/error}")private String path = "/error";  系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)

​ 4、DefaultErrorViewResolver:

@Overridepublic ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,Map<String, Object> model) {ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);}return modelAndView;}private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {//默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面?  error/404String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;//模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);if (provider != null) {//模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);}//模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面   error/404.htmlreturn resolveResource(errorViewName, model);}

​ 步骤:

​ 一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error请求;就会被BasicErrorController处理;

​ 1)响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的;

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {//所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndViewfor (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);if (modelAndView != null) {return modelAndView;}}return null;
}

2)、如果定制错误响应:

1)、如何定制错误的页面;

1)、有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;

​ 我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html);

​ 页面能获取的信息;

​ timestamp:时间戳

​ status:状态码

​ error:错误提示

​ exception:异常对象

​ message:异常消息

​ errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里

​ 2)、没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;

​ 3)、以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;

2)、如何定制错误的json数据;

​ 1)、自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {@ResponseBody@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();map.put("code","user.notexist");map.put("message",e.getMessage());return map;}
}
//没有自适应效果...

​ 2)、转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理

 @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();//传入我们自己的错误状态码  4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程/*** Integer statusCode = (Integer) request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");*/request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);map.put("code","user.notexist");map.put("message",e.getMessage());//转发到/errorreturn "forward:/error";}

3)、将我们的定制数据携带出去;

出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);

​ 1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;

​ 2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;

​ 容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;

自定义ErrorAttributes

//给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {@Overridepublic Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);map.put("company","atguigu");return map;}
}

最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容,

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8、配置嵌入式Servlet容器

SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器;

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问题?

1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置;

1、修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crudserver.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8//通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat.xxx

2、编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置

@Bean  //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {//定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则@Overridepublic void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {container.setPort(8083);}};
}

2)、注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】

由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文件。

注册三大组件用以下方式

ServletRegistrationBean

//注册三大组件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");return registrationBean;
}

FilterRegistrationBean

@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));return registrationBean;
}

ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());return registrationBean;
}

SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());//默认拦截: /  所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求;   /*会拦截jsp//可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);registration.setLoadOnStartup(this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());if (this.multipartConfig != null) {registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);}return registration;
}

2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器;

3)、替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器

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默认支持:

Tomcat(默认使用)

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器;
</dependency>

Jetty

<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><exclusions><exclusion><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId></exclusion></exclusions>
</dependency><!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

Undertow

<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><exclusions><exclusion><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId></exclusion></exclusions>
</dependency><!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理;

EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置?

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件
//导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {@Configuration@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖;@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器public static class EmbeddedTomcat {@Beanpublic TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();}}/*** Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.*/@Configuration@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,WebAppContext.class })@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)public static class EmbeddedJetty {@Beanpublic JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();}}/*** Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.*/@Configuration@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)public static class EmbeddedUndertow {@Beanpublic UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();}}

1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {//获取嵌入式的Servlet容器EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers);}

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2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

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3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory为例

@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {//创建一个TomcatTomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();//配置Tomcat的基本环节File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory: createTempDir("tomcat"));tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);customizeConnector(connector);tomcat.setConnector(connector);tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);}prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);//将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

4)、我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?

ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置?

怎么修改的原理?

5)、容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)throws BeansException {//如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {//postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);}return bean;
}private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {//获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {customizer.customize(bean);}
}private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {if (this.customizers == null) {// Look up does not include the parent contextthis.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(this.beanFactory//从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer//定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,false, false).values());Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);}return this.customizers;
}ServerProperties也是定制器

步骤:

1)、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】

2)、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;

只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;

3)、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法

###5)、嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理;

什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat;

获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

1)、SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法

2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件】;如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

3)、refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {// Prepare this context for refreshing.prepareRefresh();// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);try {// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);// Initialize message source for this context.initMessageSource();// Initialize event multicaster for this context.initApplicationEventMulticaster();// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.onRefresh();// Check for listener beans and register them.registerListeners();// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);// Last step: publish corresponding event.finishRefresh();}catch (BeansException ex) {if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);}// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.destroyBeans();// Reset 'active' flag.cancelRefresh(ex);// Propagate exception to caller.throw ex;}finally {// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...resetCommonCaches();}}
}

4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法

5)、webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();

6)、获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

​ 从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;

7)、使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;

先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来;

IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器

9、使用外置的Servlet容器

嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar

​ 优点:简单、便携;

​ 缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);

外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat—应用war包的方式打包;

步骤

1)、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)

2)、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId><scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3)、必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {@Overrideprotected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {//传入SpringBoot应用的主程序return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);}}

4)、启动服务器就可以使用;

原理

jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;

war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;

servlet3.0(Spring注解版):

8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:

规则:

​ 1)、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:

​ 2)、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名

​ 3)、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;

流程:

1)、启动Tomcat

2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;

4)、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-BQNO5vsQ-1596442113783)(images/搜狗截图20180302221835.png)]

5)、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法

6)、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {//1、创建SpringApplicationBuilderSpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);builder.environment(environment);builder.main(getClass());ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);if (parent != null) {this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));}builder.initializers(new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);//调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来builder = configure(builder);//使用builder创建一个Spring应用SpringApplication application = builder.build();if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {application.getSources().add(getClass());}Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),"No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "+ "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");// Ensure error pages are registeredif (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);}//启动Spring应用return run(application);
}

7)、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();stopWatch.start();ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;configureHeadlessProperty();SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);listeners.starting();try {ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,applicationArguments);Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);context = createApplicationContext();analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,printedBanner);//刷新IOC容器refreshContext(context);afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);listeners.finished(context, null);stopWatch.stop();if (this.logStartupInfo) {new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);}return context;}catch (Throwable ex) {handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);throw new IllegalStateException(ex);}
}

启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用

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