为什么说乱码是程序员无法避免的话题呢？这个首先要从编码机制上说起，大家都是中文和英文的编码格式不是一样，解码也是不一样的！工作遇到各种各样的乱码的解决方法总结一下。

对于Java由于默认的编码方式是 UNICODE,所以用中文也易出问题,常见的解决是
String s2 = new String(s1.getBytes(“ISO-8859-1”),”GBK”);

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http://weibo.com/p/2309274260875086250134?2018.07.12&M5i2=D4b3

1、utf8解决JSP中文乱码问题 
一般说来在每个页面的开始处，加入：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%
 request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
%>

charset=UTF-8  的作用是指定JSP向客户端输出的编码方式为“UTF-8”

pageEncoding="UTF-8"  为了让JSP引擎能正确地解码含有中文字符的JSP页面，这在LINUX中很有效

request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); 是对请求进行了中文编码

有时，这样仍不能解决问题，还需要这样处理一下：

String msg = request.getParameter("message");
 String str=new String(msg.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"UTF-8");
 out.println(st);

2、Tomcat 5.5 中文乱码

)只要把%TOMCAT安装目录%/   webapps\servlets-examples\WEB-INF\classes\filters\SetCharacterEncodingFilter.class文件拷到你的webapp目录/filters下，如果没有filters目录，就创建一个。   
  2)在你的web.xml里加入如下几行：   <filter>   
  <filter-name>Set   Character   Encoding</filter-name>   
  <filter-class>filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>   
  <init-param>   
  <param-name>encoding</param-name>   
  <param-value>GBK</param-value>   
  </init-param>   
  </filter>   
      <filter-mapping>   
  <filter-name>Set   Character   Encoding</filter-name>   
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>   
  </filter-mapping>   
    
    
    
  3)完成.   
  2   get方式的解决办法   
  1)   打开tomcat的server.xml文件，找到区块，加入如下一行：   
  URIEncoding=”GBK”   
  完整的应如下：   
  <Connector     
  port="80"   maxThreads="150"   minSpareThreads="25"   maxSpareThreads="75"   
  enableLookups="false"   redirectPort="8443"   acceptCount="100"   
  debug="0"   connectionTimeout="20000"     
  disableUploadTimeout="true"     
  URIEncoding="GBK"   
  />      
    
  2)重启tomcat,一切OK。

3、xmlHttpRequest中文问题

页面jsp用的GBK编码

代码
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK"%>

javascript部分

代码
function addFracasReport() {   
    var url="controler?actionId=0_06_03_01&actionFlag=0010";   
    var urlmsg="&reportId="+fracasReport1.textReportId.value;  //故障报告表编号   
           
    var xmlHttp=Common.createXMLHttpRequest();   
    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = Common.getReadyStateHandler(xmlHttp, eval("turnAnalyPage"));   
    xmlHttp.open("POST",url,true);   
    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader( " Content-Type " , " application/x-www-form-urlencoded);   
    xmlHttp.send(urlmsg);   
       
}

后台java中获得的reportId是乱码，不知道该怎么转，主要是不知道xmlHttp.send(urlmsg);以后是什么编码？在后面用java来转，试了几种，都没有成功，其中有：

代码
public static String UTF_8ToGBK(String str) {   
        try {   
            return new String(str.getBytes("UTF-8"), "GBK");   
        } catch (Exception ex) {   
            return null;   
        }   
    }   
       
    public static String UTF8ToGBK(String str) {   
        try {   
            return new String(str.getBytes("UTF-16BE"), "GBK");   
        } catch (Exception ex) {   
            return null;   
        }   
    }   
       
    public static String GBK(String str) {   
        try {   
            return new String(str.getBytes("GBK"),"GBK");   
        } catch (Exception ex) {   
            return null;   
        }   
    }   
         public static String getStr(String str) {   
        try {   
            String temp_p = str;   
            String temp = new String(temp_p.getBytes("ISO8859_1"), "GBK");   
            temp = sqlStrchop(temp);   
            return temp;   
        } catch (Exception e) {   
            return null;   
        }   
    }

4、JDBC ODBC Bridge的Bug及其解决方法

在编写一数据库管理程序时，发现JDBC-ODBC Bridge存在不易发现的Bug。在向数据表插入数据时，如果为英文字符，存储内容完全正确，如果存入中文字符，部分数据库只能存储前七八个中文字符，其他内容被截去，导致存储内容的不完整（有些数据库不存在这个问题，如Sybase SQL Anywhere 5.0。JDBC-ODBC Bridge还存在无法建表的Bug）。

　　对于广大需要存储中文信息的Java程序员来说，这可是一个不好的消息。要么改用其他语言编程，要么选择其他价格昂贵的数据库产品。“一次编写，到处运行”的目标，也大打折扣。能不能采用变通的方法，将中文信息进行处理后再存储来解决这个问题呢？答案是肯定的。

　　解决问题的具体思路、方法 
　　Java采用Unicode码编码方式，中英文字符均采用16bit存储。既然存储英文信息是正确的，根据一定规则，将中文信息转换成英文信息后存储，自然不会出现截尾现象。读取信息时再进行逆向操作，将英文信息还原成中文信息即可。由GB2312编码规则可知，汉字一般为二个高位为1的ASCII码，在转换时将一个汉字的二个高位1去掉，还原时再将二个高位1加上。为了处理含有英文字符的中文字串，对英文字符则需要加上一个Byte 0标记。以下提供的两个公用静态方法，可加入任何一个类中使用。

　　将中英文字串转换成纯英文字串 
　　public static String toTureAsciiStr(String str){

　　StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

　　byte[] bt = str.getBytes();

　　for(int i =0 ;i〈bt.length;i++){

　　if(bt[i]〈0){

　　//是汉字去高位1

　　sb.append((char)(bt[i]&&0x7f));

　　 }else{//是英文字符 补0作记录

　　sb.append((char)0);

　　sb.append((char)bt[i]);

　　 }

　　 }

　　return sb.toString();

　　}

　　将经转换的字串还原 
　　public static String unToTrueAsciiStr(String str){

　　 byte[] bt = str.getBytes();

　　 int i,l=0,length = bt.length,j=0;

　　 for(i = 0;i〈length;i++){

　　 if(bt[i] == 0){

　　 l++;

　　 }

　　 }

　　 byte []bt2 = new byte[length-l];

　　 for(i =0 ;i〈length;i++){

　　 if(bt[i] == 0){

　　 i++;

　　 bt2[j] = bt[i];

　　 }else{

　　 bt2[j] = (byte)(bt[i]|0x80);

　　 }

　　 j++;

　　 }

　　String tt = new String(bt2);

　　return tt;

　　}

　　上例在实际编程中效果很好，只是存储的中文信息需要经过同样处理，才能被其他系统使用。而且如果中文字串出现英文字符，实际上增加了额外的存储空间。

5、Solaris下Servlet编程的中文问题及解决办法 
在使用Java开发Internet上的一个应用系统时，发现在Windows下调试完全正常的Servlet，上传到Solaris 服务器上，运行却出现故障——返回的网页不能显示中文，应为中文的信息全为乱码；用中文信息做关键字，不能正确检索数据库。后来采用加入检查代码等方法探知故障原因如下：

　　显示乱码主要是因为通过类 HttpServletResponse提供的方法setContentType 无法改变返回给客户的数据的编码方式，正确的编码方式应为GB2312或者GBK，而事实上为缺省的ISO8859-1。无法检索中文信息则是因为，客户提交的中文信息经浏览器编码到达服务器后，Servlet无法将其正确解码。

　　举例说明显示乱码解决方法 
　　Servlet 一般通常做法如下：

　　public class ZldTestServlet extends HttpServlet {

　　public void doGet (HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException{

　　//在使用 Writer向浏览器返回数据前，设置 content-type header ，在这里设置相应的字符集gb2312

　　response.setContentType("text/html;charset=gb2312");

　　PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); //*

　　// 正式返回数据

　　out.println("〈html〉〈head〉〈title〉Servlet test〈/title〉〈/head〉" );

　　out.println("这是一个测试页！");

　　out.println("〈/body〉〈/html〉");

　　out.close();

　　}

　　 ...

　　}

　　解决页面显示乱码问题，需将*处代码换成如下内容：

　　PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(response.getOutputStream(),"gb2312"));

　　Solaris中文信息检索问题的解决 
　　浏览器利用表单向服务器提交信息时，一般采用x-www-form-urlencoded 的MIME格式对数据进行编码。如果使用get方法，参数名称和参数值经编码后附加在URL后，在Java中称作查询串（query string）。

　　在Servlet程序中，如果采用ServletRequest的方法getParameter取得参数值，在Solaris环境下，对汉字却不能正确解码。因而无法正确检索数据库。

　　在Java 1.2的包——java.net中提供了URLEncode和URLDecode类。类URLEncode提供了按x-www-form-urlencoded格式对给定串进行转换的方法。类URLEncode则提供了逆方法。

6、Common Mail乱码问题
common mail是一个小而方便的mail包，他实现了对Java Mail的封装，使用起来十分的方便，但是我在使用他的时候发现，使用纯文本的内容发送，结果是乱码，代码如下：
public class TestCommonMail {
public static void main(String[] args) throws EmailException, MessagingException {
SimpleEmail email = new SimpleEmail();
email.setCharset("GB2312");
email.setHostName("smtp.163.com");
email.setSubject("test");
email.addTo("test@163.com");
email.setFrom("test@163.com");
email.setMsg("我的测试");
email.setAuthentication("test", "test");
email.send();
}
}

分析了一下commons mail的源码找到了原因。源码如下:
public class SimpleEmail extends Email
{
public Email setMsg(String msg) throws EmailException, MessagingException
{
if (EmailUtils.isEmpty(msg))
{
throw new EmailException("Invalid message supplied");
}

setContent(msg, TEXT_PLAIN);
return this;
}
}

Email代码片段
public void setContent(Object aObject, String aContentType)
{
this.content = aObject;
if (EmailUtils.isEmpty(aContentType))
{
this.contentType = null;
}
else
{
// set the content type
this.contentType = aContentType;

// set the charset if the input was properly formed
String strMarker = "; charset=";
int charsetPos = aContentType.toLowerCase().indexOf(strMarker);
if (charsetPos != -1)
{
// find the next space (after the marker)
charsetPos += strMarker.length();
int intCharsetEnd =
aContentType.toLowerCase().indexOf(" ", charsetPos);

if (intCharsetEnd != -1)
{
this.charset =
aContentType.substring(charsetPos, intCharsetEnd);
}
else
{
this.charset = aContentType.substring(charsetPos);
}
}
}
}

email.send();的send方法将调用
public void buildMimeMessage() throws EmailException
{
try
{
this.getMailSession();
this.message = new MimeMessage(this.session);

if (EmailUtils.isNotEmpty(this.subject))
{
if (EmailUtils.isNotEmpty(this.charset))
{
this.message.setSubject(this.subject, this.charset);
}
else
{
this.message.setSubject(this.subject);
}
}

// ========================================================
// Start of replacement code
if (this.content != null)
{
this.message.setContent(this.content, this.contentType);
}
// end of replacement code
// ========================================================
else if (this.emailBody != null)
{
this.message.setContent(this.emailBody);
}
else
{
this.message.setContent("", Email.TEXT_PLAIN);
}

if (this.fromAddress != null)
{
this.message.setFrom(this.fromAddress);
}
else
{
throw new EmailException("Sender address required");
}

if (this.toList.size() + this.ccList.size() + this.bccList.size() == 0)
{
throw new EmailException(
"At least one receiver address required");
}

if (this.toList.size() > 0)
{
this.message.setRecipients(
Message.RecipientType.TO,
this.toInternetAddressArray(this.toList));
}

if (this.ccList.size() > 0)
{
this.message.setRecipients(
Message.RecipientType.CC,
this.toInternetAddressArray(this.ccList));
}

if (this.bccList.size() > 0)
{
this.message.setRecipients(
Message.RecipientType.BCC,
this.toInternetAddressArray(this.bccList));
}

if (this.replyList.size() > 0)
{
this.message.setReplyTo(
this.toInternetAddressArray(this.replyList));
}

if (this.headers.size() > 0)
{
Iterator iterHeaderKeys = this.headers.keySet().iterator();
while (iterHeaderKeys.hasNext())
{
String name = (String) iterHeaderKeys.next();
String value = (String) headers.get(name);
this.message.addHeader(name, value);
}
}

if (this.message.getSentDate() == null)
{
this.message.setSentDate(getSentDate());
}

if (this.popBeforeSmtp)
{
Store store = session.getStore("pop3");
store.connect(this.popHost, this.popUsername, this.popPassword);
}
}
catch (MessagingException me)
{
throw new EmailException(me);
}
}
由代码可以知道纯文本方式最终调用了Java Mail的
message.setContent(this.content, this.contentType);
content是内容
contentType是类型，如text/plain,
(我们可以试试直接用Java mail发邮件，设置文本内容不使用setText方法，也使用setContent("测试", "text/plain")方式，你可以看到内容也是乱码)
关键就在于text/plain，我们改成text/plain;charset=gb2312，ok乱码解决了。在commons mail我们看SimpleEmail 类中setMsg方法调用的就是 setContent(msg, TEXT_PLAIN);我们只需要将Email类中的常量TEXT_PLAIN修改一下加入 charset=你的字符集 ，重新打包jar，这样就可以了

7、toad的字符集的设置与oracle的安装
oracle数据库服务器的安装一般是中文字符集，有时安装在不同的平台下，设置为ISO编码，toad是oracle开发的最好工具，不是我说的，可是中文环境下安装的toad，打开英文字符的oracle时，中文全是乱码。必须进行设置

环境变量---〉系统变量
加
  NLS_lANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
  或
  NLS_lANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1

AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252
 
 或者

打开注册表，点击HKEY_LOCAL_MATHINE
再点击Software,再点击ORACLE
在点击HOME（ORACLE所在目录）
在注册表的右半面有NLS_LANG,
双击它，将你想要的覆盖掉原来的就可以了
最好记下旧的，以便可以改回来。

connect sys/chang_on_install
update props$
set value$='ZHS16CGB231280'
where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
commit;
 这样就OK了

8、如何解決GWT(google web toolkit)中文的問題
GWT 中文乱码解决方法

1.把你要显示的中文“测试字符串”输入到一个文件，如:1.txt 
2.进入命令行,进入1.txt所在的目录,敲入以下命令:native2ascii.exe 1.txt 2.txt 回车。这样就生成了另外一个文件2.txt。 
3.2.txt的内容如下:\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 
4.然后用上面的编码，在gwt中使用，就可以了.

9、xmlHttp得到的网页怎么是乱码？ 
(1)在服务器端使用WebRequest而不是xmlHttp
(2) 将

StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream);

对于简体中文改成：

StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream , Encoding.Default );
对于utf-8改成：

StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream , Encoding.UTF8 );
当然，Encoding枚举还有很多其他的成员，对于不同的编码content-type可以有选择的应用

(3)后来我发现无论是content-type是gb2312还是utf-8,用

StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream , Encoding.Default );

都可以返回正常的汉字，所以统一的改成Encoding.Default

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

最后，在服务器端从一个url获得网页的源代码的代码如下：

/// <summary>
/// post一个指定的url，获得网页的源代码(用WebRequest实现)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"></param>
/// <returns>
/// 如果请求失败，返回null
/// 如果请求成功，返回网页的源代码
/// </returns>
public static string GetContentFromUrl2( string url )
{
    //变量定义
    string respstr;

WebRequest myWebRequest=WebRequest.Create(url);
    //            myWebRequest.PreAuthenticate=true;
    //            NetworkCredential networkCredential=new NetworkCredential( username , password , domain );
    //            myWebRequest.Credentials=networkCredential;

// Assign the response object of 'WebRequest' to a 'WebResponse' variable.
    WebResponse myWebResponse=myWebRequest.GetResponse();
    System.IO.Stream stream = myWebResponse.GetResponseStream();
    StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream , Encoding.Default );
    //以字符串形式读取数据流
    respstr = sr.ReadToEnd();
    sr.Close(); 
    
    return respstr;
        
}

10、解决weblogic／webshpere中文问题： 
在web.xml文件中需要配置中文环境。r如下： 
<context-param> 
  <param-name>weblogic.httpd.inputCharset./*</param-name> 
  <param-value>GB2312</param-value>

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