一、查看字符集

1.查看MYSQL数据库服务器和数据库字符集

方法一：show variables like '%character%';

方法二：show variables like 'collation%';

2.查看MYSQL所支持的字符集

show charset;

3.查看库的字符集

语法：show database status from 库名 like  表名;

4.查看表的字符集

语法：show table status from 库名 like  表名;

mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info';

5.查看表中所有列的字符集

语法：show full columns from 表名;

mysql> show full columns from test_info;

二、设置字符集

设置字符集一般有两种方法，一种是在创建表的时候设置字符集，另一种是表建成之后修改字符集。

1.创建时指定字符集

创建库的时候指定字符集：

语法：create database 库名 default character set=字符集；

create database db2 default character set=utf8

创建表的时候指定字符集：

语法：create table 表名(属性)default character set = 字符集；

mysql> create table test1(id int(6),name char(10)) default character set = 'gbk';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)

2.修改字符集

修改全局字符集

/*建立连接使用的编码*/

set character_set_connection=utf8;

/*数据库的编码*/

set character_set_database=utf8;

/*结果集的编码*/

set character_set_results=utf8;

/*数据库服务器的编码*/

set character_set_server=utf8;

set character_set_system=utf8;

set collation_connection=utf8;

set collation_database=utf8;

set collation_server=utf8;

修改全局字符集

修改库的字符集

语法：alter database 库名 default character set 字符集;

alter database shiyan default character set gbk;

修改表的字符集

语法：alter table 表名 convert to character set 字符集;

alter table test1 convert to character set utf8;

mysql> show create table test1\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Table: test1

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` (

`id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,

`name` char(10) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk #原字符集

row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table test1 convert to character set utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table test1\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Table: test1

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` (

`id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,

`name` char(10) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 #修改后的字符集

row in set (0.00 sec)

修改列表的字符集

修改字段的字符集

语法：alter table 表名 modify 字段名 字段属性 character set gbk；

alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;

mysql> show full columns from test1;

+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |

+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

| id | int(6) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |

| name | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |

+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show full columns from test1;

+-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |

+-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

| id | int(6) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |

| name | char(10) | gbk_chinese_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |

+-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)