计算器功能与组成部分

基本功能
- 创建简单的操作界面
- 键盘快捷键
- 屏幕和显示部分
- 数字按钮和功能键
- 负号和小数点的输入
- 在数据中插入逗号
- 核心计算部分
- 次方运算
- 返回和清除
- 自定义设置

基本功能

一个简单的计算器需要一个简单操作界面、会运算加减乘除运算的基本功能、支持键盘快捷键入

创建简单的操作界面

操作界面用pygame完全可行
主程序如下：

import pygame
import sys
from settings import Settings
import functions as fu
from pygame.sprite import Group
from classs import *
from digital import *def calculator():pygame.init()setting=Settings()#创建设置参数screen=pygame.display.set_mode((setting.screen_width,setting.screen_height))pygame.display.set_caption('计算器')#创建pygame主屏幕calculator_screen=Calculator_screen(screen,setting)#创建计算器屏幕，用于显示数字buttons=Group()#创建数字按钮编组gnbuttons=Group()#创建特殊按钮编组，比如+，-，×....daorus=Group()#创建用户自定义功能按钮button_lei=fu.digital_button(screen,setting,buttons)#将所有数字按钮存储在一个列表中gn_button_lei=fu.gn_button(screen,setting,gnbuttons)#将所有特殊按钮存储在一个列表中daoru_lei=fu.daoru_button(screen,setting,daorus)#将用户自定义功能按钮存储在一个列表中digital=Digital_jihe()#创建用于显示的数字shu=Shu(screen,setting,calculator_screen,digital)#创建用于在计算器屏幕上显示的数字tips=Tips(calculator_screen,setting,screen,shu)#创建提示标记，显示必要时要提醒的信息while True:"""开始屏幕主循环"""screen.fill(setting.bg_color)#用颜色填充屏幕fu.check_events(button_lei,gn_button_lei,calculator_screen,digital,shu,setting,tips,daoru_lei)#检测鼠标与键盘响应事件fu.update_screen(calculator_screen,buttons,gnbuttons,screen,shu,tips,daorus)#持续更新屏幕内容
calculator()

实际运行效果：

数字键和加减乘除等功能键是分开的，底部按钮用于导入导出计算器的参数设置为txt文件，方便使用者自行修改部分设置。

键盘快捷键

加减乘除：→/←/↑/↓
等号：enter
后退：backspace
清除：空格
次方符号：左shift
导入：F1
导出：F2
负号：,
小数点：.
数字：数字键+小键盘数字键

鼠标和键盘操作部分：

def check_events(button_lei,gn_button_lei,calculator_screen,
digital,shu,setting,tips,daoru_lei):"""检测鼠标和键盘事件"""x=check_edges(calculator_screen,digital,shu)y=check_dier_edges(calculator_screen,digital,shu)for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type==pygame.QUIT:sys.exit(0)if event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:keydown(event,button_lei,gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,x,y,tips,daoru_lei)if event.type==pygame.KEYUP:keyup(event,button_lei,gn_button_lei,setting,daoru_lei)if event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()mousedown(event,mouse_x,mouse_y,button_lei,gn_button_lei,calculator_screen,digital,shu,setting,x,y,tips,daoru_lei)if event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()mouseup(event,mouse_x,mouse_y,button_lei,gn_button_lei,setting,daoru_lei)
def keydown(event,button_lei,gn_button_lei,setting,
digital,shu,calculator_screen,x,y,tips,daoru_lei):"""响应键盘按下事件"""if event.key==pygame.K_ESCAPE:sys.exit(0)elif event.key==pygame.K_9 or event.key==pygame.K_KP9:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,9)elif event.key==pygame.K_8 or event.key==pygame.K_KP8:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,8)elif event.key==pygame.K_7 or event.key==pygame.K_KP7:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,7)elif event.key==pygame.K_6 or event.key==pygame.K_KP6:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,6)elif event.key==pygame.K_5 or event.key==pygame.K_KP5:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,5)elif event.key==pygame.K_4 or event.key==pygame.K_KP4:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,4)elif event.key==pygame.K_3 or event.key==pygame.K_KP3:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,3)elif event.key==pygame.K_2 or event.key==pygame.K_KP2:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,2)elif event.key==pygame.K_1 or event.key==pygame.K_KP1:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,1)elif event.key==pygame.K_0 or event.key==pygame.K_KP0:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,0)elif event.key==pygame.K_BACKSPACE:k.button_tui_click(calculator_screen,gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu)elif event.key==pygame.K_KP_PLUS or event.key==pygame.K_RIGHT:k.gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,'+')elif event.key==pygame.K_KP_MINUS or event.key==pygame.K_LEFT:k.gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,'-')elif event.key==pygame.K_KP_MULTIPLY or event.key==pygame.K_UP:k.gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,'×')elif event.key==pygame.K_KP_DIVIDE or event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:k.gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,'÷')elif event.key==pygame.K_LSHIFT:k.gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,'^')elif event.key==pygame.K_EQUALS:k.button_deng_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,tips)elif event.key==pygame.K_RETURN:k.button_deng_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,tips)elif event.key==pygame.K_KP_ENTER:k.button_deng_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,tips)elif event.key==pygame.K_c:k.button_qing_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen)elif event.key==pygame.K_SPACE:k.button_qing_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen)elif event.key==pygame.K_COMMA:k.button_fu_click(button_lei,setting,digital,shu)elif event.key==pygame.K_PERIOD or event.key==pygame.K_KP_PERIOD:k.button_pot_click(button_lei,setting,digital,shu)elif event.key==pygame.K_F1:k.daoru_click(setting,daoru_lei)elif event.key==pygame.K_F2:k.daochu_click(setting,daoru_lei,tips,shu)def keyup(event,button_lei,gn_button_lei,setting,daoru_lei):"""响应键盘松开"""for x in button_lei:x.color=setting.button_colorfor x in gn_button_lei[:7]:x.color=setting.gnbutton_colorfor x in daoru_lei:x.color=setting.daoru_colorgn_button_lei[7].color=setting.deng_colordef mouseup(event,mouse_x,mouse_y,button_lei,
gn_button_lei,setting,daoru_lei):"""响应鼠标按钮松开"""for x in button_lei:x.color=setting.button_colorfor x in gn_button_lei[:7]:x.color=setting.gnbutton_colorfor x in daoru_lei:x.color=setting.daoru_colorgn_button_lei[7].color=setting.deng_colordef mousedown(event,mouse_x,mouse_y,button_lei,gn_button_lei,
calculator_screen,digital,shu,setting,x,y,tips,daoru_lei):"""响应鼠标按下"""button_9_click=button_lei[9].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_8_click=button_lei[8].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_7_click=button_lei[7].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_6_click=button_lei[6].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_5_click=button_lei[5].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_4_click=button_lei[4].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_3_click=button_lei[3].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_2_click=button_lei[2].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_1_click=button_lei[1].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_0_click=button_lei[0].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_fu_click=button_lei[10].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_pot_click=button_lei[11].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_tui_click=gn_button_lei[4].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_jia_click=gn_button_lei[0].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_jian_click=gn_button_lei[1].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_cheng_click=gn_button_lei[2].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_chu_click=gn_button_lei[3].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_qing_click=gn_button_lei[5].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_fang_click=gn_button_lei[6].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_deng_click=gn_button_lei[7].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_daochu_click=daoru_lei[1].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)button_daoru_click=daoru_lei[0].rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)x=check_edges(calculator_screen,digital,shu)y=check_dier_edges(calculator_screen,digital,shu)#创建数字9的功能if button_9_click:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,9)#创建数字8的功能elif button_8_click:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,8)#创建数字7的功能elif button_7_click:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,7)#创建数字6的功能elif button_6_click:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,6)#创建数字5的功能elif button_5_click:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,5)#创建数字4的功能elif button_4_click:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,4)#创建数字3的功能elif button_3_click:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,3)#创建数字2的功能elif button_2_click:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,2)#创建数字1的功能elif button_1_click:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,1)#创建数字0的功能elif button_0_click:k.button_click(calculator_screen,button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,0)#创建负号的功能elif button_fu_click:k.button_fu_click(button_lei,setting,digital,shu)#创建功能键退一格的功能elif button_tui_click:k.button_tui_click(calculator_screen,gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu)#创建小数点的功能elif button_pot_click:k.button_pot_click(button_lei,setting,digital,shu)#创建按钮加号的功能elif button_jia_click:k.gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,'+')#创建按钮减号的功能elif button_jian_click:k.gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,'-')#创建按钮乘号功能elif button_cheng_click:k.gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,'×')# 创建按钮除号功能elif button_chu_click:k.gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,'÷')#创建功能按钮功能elif button_fang_click:k.gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen,'^')#创建一键清屏的功能elif button_qing_click:k.button_qing_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,calculator_screen)#创建等号的功能elif button_deng_click:k.button_deng_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,tips)elif button_daochu_click:k.daochu_click(setting,daoru_lei,tips,shu)elif button_daoru_click:k.daoru_click(setting,daoru_lei)

输入的数字不能超过屏幕部分

def check_edges(calculator_screen,digital,shu):"""检查数字与计算器屏幕边缘"""if int(shu.diyi_image_rect.width)<calculator_screen.rect.width-30:return(1)else:return(0)def check_dier_edges(calculator_screen,digital,shu):"""检查第二排数字与计算器边缘"""if int(shu.dier_image_rect.width)<calculator_screen.rect.width-30:return(1)else:return(0)

创建数字按钮的类：

class Button(Sprite):"""创建一个计算器按钮的类"""def __init__(self,screen,setting,msg):super().__init__()self.screen=screenself.screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()self.color=setting.button_colorself.width=setting.button_widthself.height=setting.button_heightself.text_color=setting.button_ziti_colorself.font=pygame.font.SysFont('Calibri',setting.button_ziti_size)self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)self.prep_msg(msg)def prep_msg(self,msg):"""将msg渲染为图像"""self.text_image=self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color)self.text_image_rect=self.text_image.get_rect()self.text_image_rect.center=self.rect.centerdef draw_button(self):"""在主屏幕上绘制按钮"""self.screen.fill(self.color,self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.text_image,self.text_image_rect)

创建数字按钮的实例：

def digital_button(screen,setting,buttons):"""创建数字按钮并储存在编组中"""#创建数字按键button_9=Button(screen,setting,'9')button_8=Button(screen,setting,'8')button_7=Button(screen,setting,'7')button_6=Button(screen,setting,'6')button_5=Button(screen,setting,'5')button_4=Button(screen,setting,'4')button_3=Button(screen,setting,'3')button_2=Button(screen,setting,'2')button_1=Button(screen,setting,'1')button_0=Button(screen,setting,'0')button_fu=Button(screen,setting,'-')button_pot=Button(screen,setting,'.')button_lei=[button_0,button_1,button_2,button_3,button_4,button_5,button_6,button_7,button_8,button_9,button_fu,button_pot]gaodu=du(setting)#对按钮的位置进行排序button_9.rect.y=gaodubutton_9.rect.x=15button_9.text_image_rect.center=button_9.rect.centerbutton_8.rect.y=gaodubutton_7.rect.y=gaodubutton_8.rect.x=button_9.rect.x+setting.button_jianju+setting.button_widthbutton_7.rect.x=button_8.rect.x+setting.button_jianju+setting.button_widthbutton_6.rect.y=button_9.rect.y+setting.button_height+setting.button_jianjubutton_6.rect.x=button_9.rect.xbutton_5.rect.x=button_6.rect.x+setting.button_jianju+setting.button_widthbutton_5.rect.y=button_6.rect.ybutton_4.rect.y=button_6.rect.ybutton_4.rect.x=button_5.rect.x+setting.button_width+setting.button_jianjubutton_3.rect.y=button_6.rect.y+setting.button_height+setting.button_jianjubutton_3.rect.x=button_6.rect.xbutton_2.rect.x=button_3.rect.x+setting.button_width+setting.button_jianjubutton_2.rect.y=button_3.rect.ybutton_1.rect.y=button_3.rect.ybutton_1.rect.x=button_2.rect.x+setting.button_jianju+setting.button_widthbutton_0.rect.x=button_2.rect.xbutton_0.rect.y=button_2.rect.y+setting.button_height+setting.button_jianjubutton_pot.rect.x=button_0.rect.x+setting.button_jianju+setting.button_widthbutton_pot.rect.y=button_0.rect.ybutton_fu.rect.x=button_3.rect.xbutton_fu.rect.y=button_0.rect.yfor x in button_lei:#将按钮符号显示在按钮中央bottons.add(x)dange.text_image_rect.center=dange.rect.centerreturn button_lei

加减乘除等特殊按钮都是这样的

屏幕和显示部分

计算器显示屏：

class Calculator_screen():"""创建一个计算器屏幕的类"""def __init__(self,screen,setting):self.screen=screenself.screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()self.width=setting.calculator_screen_widthself.height=setting.calculator_screen_heightself.color=setting.calculator_screen_colorself.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerxself.rect.y=int((self.screen_rect.width-self.width)/2)def draw_calculator_screen(self):"""在主屏幕上绘制计算器屏幕"""pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

计算器显示屏上的数字部分：

class Digital_jihe():"""创建一个储存所有计算器屏幕数字的类"""def __init__(self):self.diyi=" "self.fuhao=" "self.dier=" "self.daan=" "def chushihua(self):"""数字全部恢复原始状态"""self.diyi=' 'self.fuhao=' 'self.dier=' 'self.daan=' '

class Shu(Sprite):"""创建表示屏幕数字的类"""def __init__(self,screen,setting,calculator_screen,digital):super().__init__()self.screen=screenself.setting=settingself.digital=digitalself.calculator_screen=calculator_screenself.warning="Divisor can't be zero"self.screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()self.digital_color=setting.digital_colorself.font=pygame.font.SysFont('Calibri',setting.digital_size)self.prep_diyi()self.prep_fuhao()self.prep_dier()self.prep_juxing()self.prep_daan()def prep_juxing(self):"""在屏幕中插入矩形表示等号"""self.rect_height=3self.rect_width=self.calculator_screen.rect.width-10self.rect_color=self.setting.calculator_screen_colorself.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.rect_width,self.rect_height)self.rect.centerx=self.calculator_screen.rect.centerxself.rect.y=self.dier_image_rect.y+self.dier_image_rect.height+5self.rect_chufa=Falsedef prep_diyi(self):"""渲染第一数字为图像"""number_1=self.digital.diyiself.xin_str=fu.qianfenhao(number_1)if self.xin_str=='0':self.diyi_image=self.font.render(number_1,True,self.setting.digital_color)else:self.diyi_image=self.font.render(self.xin_str,True,self.setting.digital_color)self.diyi_image_rect=self.diyi_image.get_rect()self.diyi_image_rect.right=self.calculator_screen.rect.right-10self.diyi_image_rect.y=self.calculator_screen.rect.y+10def prep_fuhao(self):"""渲染符号为图像"""fuhao=self.digital.fuhaoself.fuhao_image=self.font.render(fuhao,True,self.setting.fuhao_color)self.fuhao_image_rect=self.fuhao_image.get_rect()self.fuhao_image_rect.left=self.calculator_screen.rect.left+10self.fuhao_image_rect.y=self.diyi_image_rect.y+self.diyi_image_rect.heightdef prep_dier(self):"""渲染第二数字为图像"""number_2=self.digital.dierself.xin_str=fu.qianfenhao(number_2)if self.xin_str=='0':self.dier_image=self.font.render(number_2,True,self.setting.digital_color)else:self.dier_image=self.font.render(self.xin_str,True,self.setting.digital_color)self.dier_image_rect=self.dier_image.get_rect()self.dier_image_rect.right=self.calculator_screen.rect.right-10self.dier_image_rect.y=self.fuhao_image_rect.ydef prep_daan(self):"""渲染计算结果为图像"""self.result=self.digital.daanself.tips=Falsex=fu.qianfenhao(self.result)#在计算结果中插入逗号if self.result!='warning':self.result_image=self.font.render(x,True,self.setting.digital_color)else:self.result_image=self.font.render(self.warning,True,self.setting.warning_color)self.result_image_rect=self.result_image.get_rect()self.result_image_rect.right=self.calculator_screen.rect.right-10self.result_image_rect.y=self.rect.y+self.rect.height+5s=fu.check_daan_edges(self.calculator_screen,self.result_image_rect,x)if s==0:self.tips=Trueelif s==1:self.tips=Falsedef draw_digital(self):"""在屏幕上绘制数字"""self.screen.blit(self.diyi_image,self.diyi_image_rect)self.screen.blit(self.fuhao_image,self.fuhao_image_rect)self.screen.blit(self.dier_image,self.dier_image_rect)self.screen.blit(self.result_image,self.result_image_rect)pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.rect_color,self.rect)

class Tips():"""创建提醒符号"""def __init__(self,calculator_screen,setting,screen,shu):self.setting=settingself.shu=shuself.screen=screenself.calculator_screen=calculator_screenself.font=pygame.font.SysFont('KaiTi',30)self.neirong='未显示全部结果!'self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,(self.setting.screen_width-self.setting.calculator_screen_width)/2,shu.diyi_image_rect.height)self.rect.x=self.calculator_screen.rect.rightself.rect.y=self.shu.result_image_rect.ydef draw_tips(self):"""在屏幕上绘制提醒符号"""self.rect_color=self.setting.bg_colorif self.shu.tips==False:self.color=self.setting.calculator_screen_colorelif self.shu.tips==True:self.color=self.setting.tixing_chufa_colorself.image=self.font.render(self.neirong,True,self.color)self.image_rect=self.image.get_rect()self.image_rect.centerx=self.calculator_screen.rect.centerxself.image_rect.bottom=self.calculator_screen.rect.bottomself.screen.blit(self.image,self.image_rect)pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.rect_color,self.rect)

实际显示效果：

数字按钮和功能键

def button_click(calculator_screen,
button_lei,setting,digital,shu,x,y,z):"""创建数字按钮的响应功能"""button_lei[z].color=setting.button_chufa_colorif shu.tips:shu.tips=Falseif digital.fuhao==' ' and x==1:digital.diyi+=str(z)elif digital.fuhao!=' ' and y==1:digital.dier+=str(z)if shu.rect_chufa:fu.calculator_screen_cler(calculator_screen,digital,shu,setting,1)digital.diyi=' 'digital.diyi+=str(z)shu.prep_diyi()shu.prep_dier()def gnbutton_click(gn_button_lei,setting,
digital,shu,calculator_screen,z):"""创建符号按钮的响应功能"""if shu.tips:shu.tips=Falseif z=='+':y=0elif z=='-':y=1elif z=='×':y=2elif z=='÷':y=3elif z=='^':y=6gn_button_lei[y].color=setting.button_chufa_colorif len(digital.diyi)>1 and not shu.rect_chufa:digital.fuhao=zshu.prep_fuhao()elif shu.rect_chufa:digital.diyi=fu.insertt(shu.result)digital.fuhao=zfu.calculator_screen_cler(calculator_screen,digital,shu,setting,2)

负号和小数点的输入

负号比较特殊，只能输入一次
小数点也只能输入一次

def button_fu_click(button_lei,setting,digital,shu):"""创建负号的响应功能"""button_lei[10].color=setting.button_chufa_color#按钮按下改变颜色以后触发反馈if shu.tips:shu.tips=Falseif digital.fuhao==' ':number=digital.diyielif digital.fuhao!=' ':number=digital.dierif len(number)>1:#如果数字的长度大于1，则无法输入负号Noneelse:digital_list=list(number)digital_list.append('-')xin=''.join(digital_list)if digital.fuhao==' ':try:digital.diyi=xinexcept UnboundLocalError:passelif digital.fuhao!=' ':try:digital.dier=xinexcept UnboundLocalError:passshu.prep_diyi()shu.prep_dier()

小数点的输入需要考虑数据中有无负号

def button_pot_click(button_lei,setting,digital,shu):"""创建小数点的响应功能"""if shu.tips:shu.tips=Falsebutton_lei[11].color=setting.button_chufa_color#按钮按下改变颜色以触发反馈if digital.fuhao==' ':digital_list=list(digital.diyi)elif digital.fuhao!=' ':digital_list=list(digital.dier)digital_lenth=len(digital_list)if "-" in digital_list:#如果负号包含在数据中if digital_lenth>=3:if '.' not in digital_list:digital_list.append('.')elif "-" not in digital_list:#如果负号不含在数据中if digital_lenth>=2:if '.' not in digital_list:digital_list.append('.')xin=''.join(digital_list)if digital.fuhao==' ':digital.diyi=xinelif digital.fuhao!=' ':digital.dier=xinshu.prep_diyi()shu.prep_dier()

在数据中插入逗号

将数据的字符串以小数点为界，拆分为整数部分和小数部分，再在整数部分插入逗号，如果第一个是负号则直接显示在屏幕上。如果直接插入的话，会在在输入的时候按小数点会没反应，按两次才会有小数点，拆开可以避免这种情况。如果第一个时负号时不直接显示，会导致屏幕上不会出现负号，按两次才会出现。

def qianfenhao(number):"""在数据的整数部分插入逗号"""try:number=number.strip()if number=='-':xin_str='-'else:number_list=list(number)xuhao=0dclliebiao_1=[]dclliebiao_2=[]if '.' in number_list:for i,x in enumerate(number_list):if x=='.':xuhao=ifor x in number_list[:xuhao]:dclliebiao_1.append(x)for x in number_list[xuhao:]:dclliebiao_2.append(x)xin=''.join(dclliebiao_1)xiaoshu=str(''.join(dclliebiao_2))try:xin_int=int(xin)xin_str=str("{:,}".format(xin_int))+xiaoshuexcept ValueError:xin_str=' '        elif '.' not in number_list:try:xin_int=int(number)xin_str=str('{:,}'.format(xin_int))except ValueError:xin_str=' '           return xin_strexcept AttributeError:pass

显示效果：

核心计算部分

这是独立的函数，进行加减乘除和次方计算，先把在屏幕上显示的字符串转换为纯数字再进行运算。需要将数字转换为浮点数才能计算出准确结果，但浮点数会在屏幕上多显示一个0，例如：12÷4=3.0，因此还需要一个函数将后面的0除去。

def jisuan(number_1,number_2,fuhao):"""执行计算,并返回计算结果"""number_1=number_1.strip()number_2=number_2.strip()number_3=' 'fuhao=fuhaox,y=conversion(number_1,number_2)if fuhao=='+':number_3=x+yelif fuhao=='-':number_3=x-yelif fuhao=='×':number_3=x*yelif fuhao=='÷':try:number_3=x/ynumber_3=chuling(number_3)except ZeroDivisionError:number_3='warning'elif fuhao=='^':number_3=chengfang(x,y)number_3=chuling(number_3)return number_3def conversion(number_1,number_2):"""将字符转化为纯数字"""number_1_list=list(number_1)number_2_list=list(number_2)number_1_shu=0number_2_shu=0if '.' in number_1_list:number_1_shu=float(number_1)else:try:number_1_shu=int(number_1)except ValueError:number_1_shu=0if '.' in number_2_list:number_2_shu=float(number_2)else:try:number_2_shu=int(number_2)except ValueError:number_2_shu=0return(number_1_shu,number_2_shu)

def chuling(number_3):"""除去浮点数后的零"""number_3_str=str(number_3)if number_3_str[-1]=='0':number_3=int(number_3)return number_3

次方运算

def chengfang(number_1,number_2):"""进行各种次方运算,并返回运算结果"""number_1,number_2=float(number_1),int(number_2)x=1for z in range(number_2):x=x*number_1return x

效果如图：

如果计算量太大…显示不出结果

返回和清除

返回上一步：

def button_tui_click(calculator_screen,
gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu):"""创建退一格的响应功能"""gn_button_lei[4].color=setting.button_chufa_color#改变按钮颜色以反馈触发if digital.fuhao==' ' and digital.dier==' ' and not shu.rect_chufa:#如果运算符和下一排数字未输入，并且等号未被触发则只删除第一排最后一个字符digital_list=list(digital.diyi)digital_lenth=len(digital_list)if digital_lenth>1:del digital_list[digital_lenth-1]xin="".join(digital_list)digital.diyi=xinshu.prep_diyi()elif digital.fuhao!=' ' and digital.dier==' ' and not shu.rect_chufa:#如果运算符已输入，但下一排数字未输入并且没触发等号，则只删除运算符号digital.fuhao=' 'shu.prep_fuhao()elif digital.fuhao!=' ' and digital.dier!=' ' and not shu.rect_chufa:#如果运算符已输入下一排数字已输入，但没触发等号，则只删除下排数字字符串的最后一个digital_list=list(digital.dier)digital_lenth=len(digital_list)if digital_lenth>1:del digital_list[digital_lenth-1]xin="".join(digital_list)digital.dier=xinshu.prep_dier()elif digital.fuhao!=' ' and digital.dier!=' ' and shu.rect_chufa:fu.calculator_screen_cler(calculator_screen,digital,shu,setting,1)#如果等号被触发，则直接全部清除if shu.tips:shu.tips=False#清除提示信息

清除功能，有两部分组成，一种只清除除第一排数字的所有内容（用于在等号已被触发时再按下数字按钮屏幕会显示新数字，其他清除），另一种则全部清除（一键清除）：

def calculator_screen_cler(calculator_screen,
digital,shu,setting,panduan):"""清空计算器屏幕上的所有信息"""if panduan==1:digital.chushihua()shu.prep_dier()shu.prep_fuhao()shu.prep_diyi()shu.prep_daan()shu.rect_chufa=Falseshu.rect_color=setting.calculator_screen_colorelif panduan==2:digital.dier=' 'digital.daan=' 'shu.rect_chufa=Falseshu.rect_color=setting.calculator_screen_colorshu.prep_fuhao()shu.prep_diyi()shu.prep_dier()shu.prep_daan()

自定义设置

之前将所有参数全部集中在一起

import jsonclass Settings():"""保存所有设置"""def __init__(self):#主屏幕参数self.screen_width=300self.screen_height=500#计算器屏幕参数self.calculator_screen_width=270self.calculator_screen_height=150#计算器数字按钮参数self.button_jianju=10self.button_width=int(((self.screen_width-(self.screen_width-self.calculator_screen_width))-3*self.button_jianju)/4)self.button_height=int((self.screen_height-self.calculator_screen_height-6*self.button_jianju)/6)self.button_ziti_size=40self.digital_size=30self.fuhao_size=30#计算器导入导出按钮参数self.daoru_width=50self.daoru_height=20self.daoru_ziti_size=20#加载用户自定义参数设置try:path=('./用户自定义.json')with open(path,'r') as f:list_4=json.load(f)self.bg_color=list_4[0]self.calculator_screen_color=list_4[1]self.digital_color=list_4[2]self.fuhao_color=list_4[3]self.button_ziti_color=list_4[4]self.button_color=list_4[5]self.gnbutton_ziti_color=list_4[6]self.gnbutton_color=list_4[7]self.deng_text_color=list_4[8]self.deng_color=list_4[9]self.daoru_ziti_color=list_4[10]self.daoru_color=list_4[11]self.warning_color=list_4[12]self.button_chufa_color=list_4[13]self.daoru_chufa_color=list_4[14]self.rectangle_chufa_color=list_4[15]self.tixing_chufa_color=list_4[16]self.deng_chufa_color=list_4[17]except FileNotFoundError:#计算器所有功能的颜色默认参数self.bg_color=(200,200,200)self.calculator_screen_color=(255,255,255)self.digital_color=(0,0,0)self.fuhao_color=(255,0,0)self.button_ziti_color=(255,0,0)self.button_color=(255,255,255)self.gnbutton_ziti_color=(255,255,255)self.gnbutton_color=(255,0,0)self.deng_text_color=(0,0,0)self.deng_color=(255,255,255)self.daoru_ziti_color=(255,0,0)self.daoru_color=(255,255,255)self.warning_color=(255,0,0)self.button_chufa_color=(0,0,0)self.daoru_chufa_color=(0,0,0)self.rectangle_chufa_color=(0,0,0)self.tixing_chufa_color=(255,0,0)self.deng_chufa_color=(0,0,255)#将计算器所有颜色参数储存在列表中self.list_shu=[self.bg_color,self.calculator_screen_color,self.digital_color,self.fuhao_color,self.button_ziti_color,self.button_color,self.gnbutton_ziti_color,self.gnbutton_color,self.deng_text_color,self.deng_color,self.daoru_ziti_color,self.daoru_color,self.warning_color,self.button_chufa_color,self.daoru_chufa_color,self.rectangle_chufa_color,self.tixing_chufa_color,self.deng_chufa_color]

加入信息说明

    def zidian(self):"""将颜色参数储存在字典中"""self.list_ming=['计算器背景颜色','计算器屏幕颜色','计算器屏幕数字颜色','特殊符号颜色','数字按钮字体颜色','数字按钮颜色','功能按钮字体颜色','功能按钮颜色','等号字体的颜色','等号按钮的颜色','导入导出字体颜色','导入导出按钮颜色','系统警告字体颜色','数字按钮触发反馈颜色','导入导出触发反馈颜色','横线等号触发显示颜色','提示信息触发显示颜色','等号触发反馈颜色']self.xinxi={}for x in range(len(self.list_ming)):self.xinxi[self.list_ming[x]]=self.list_shu[x]self.introducion='计算器快捷键说明：\n按‘esc’键退出计算器\n按数字键输入数据\n'\'按方向键↑输入乘号\n按方向键↓输入除号\n按方向键→输入加号\n按方向键←输入减号\n'\'按’，‘输入负号\n按’.‘输入小数点\n按空格清空屏幕\n按‘Backspace’返回上一步\n'\'按左shift输入乘方符号\n按F1导入计算器参数\n按F2导出计算器参数'

一键导出：

然后导入：

def button_deng_click(gn_button_lei,setting,digital,shu,tips):"""创建等号功能的响应事件"""if digital.diyi!=' ' and digital.dier!=' ':gn_button_lei[7].color=setting.deng_chufa_colornumber_1=digital.diyi.strip()number_2=digital.dier.strip()fuhao=digital.fuhaoresult=fu.jisuan(number_1,number_2,fuhao)digital.daan=str(result)if tips.neirong!='未显示全部结果!':tips.neirong='未显示全部结果!'shu.prep_daan()shu.rect_color=setting.rectangle_chufa_colorshu.rect_chufa=Truetips.draw_tips()def daochu_click(setting,daoru_lei,tips,shu):"""响应导出功能的响应事件"""daoru_lei[1].color=setting.daoru_chufa_colortips.neirong='已导出功能参数！'shu.tips=Truetips.draw_tips()setting.zidian()path=('./计算器参数.txt')with open(path,'w',encoding='utf8') as f:f.write('计算器颜色参数(可任意修改)：\n')for k,v in setting.xinxi.items():x=k+' = '+str(v)+'\n'f.write(x)f.write('\n'+setting.introducion)def daoru_click(setting,daoru_lei ):"""响应导入功能的响应事件"""daoru_lei[0].color=setting.daoru_chufa_colorpath=('./计算器参数.txt')list_1=[]try:with open(path,'r',encoding='utf8') as f:list_1=f.readlines()list_2=[]list_3=[]for x in list_1[1:19]:y=x.strip().split(' = ')list_2.append(y[1])for x in list_2:x=x.replace('(','').replace(')','')y=x.split(',')try:y[0]=int(y[0].replace('[','').strip())y[1]=int(y[1].strip())y[2]=int(y[2].replace(']','').strip())x=tuple(y)except ValueError:passlist_3.append(x)setting.bg_color=list_3[0]setting.calculator_screen_color=list_3[1]setting.digital_color=list_3[2]setting.fuhao_color=list_3[3]setting.button_ziti_color=list_3[4]setting.button_color=list_3[5]setting.gnbutton_ziti_color=list_3[6]setting.gnbutton_color=list_3[7]setting.deng_text_color=list_3[8]setting.deng_color=list_3[9]setting.daoru_ziti_color=list_3[10]setting.daoru_color=list_3[11]setting.warning_color=list_3[12]setting.button_chufa_color=list_3[13]setting.daoru_chufa_color=list_3[14]setting.rectangle_chufa_color=list_3[15]setting.tixing_chufa_color=list_3[16]setting.deng_chufa_color=list_3[17]list_4=[setting.bg_color,setting.calculator_screen_color,setting.digital_color,setting.fuhao_color,setting.button_ziti_color,setting.button_color,setting.gnbutton_ziti_color,setting.gnbutton_color,setting.deng_text_color,setting.deng_color,setting.daoru_ziti_color,setting.daoru_color,setting.warning_color,setting.button_chufa_color,setting.daoru_chufa_color,setting.rectangle_chufa_color,setting.tixing_chufa_color,setting.deng_chufa_color]#将修改后的参数储存再一个列表中path=('./用户自定义.json')with open(path,'w') as f:json.dump(list_4,f)#将自定义后的参数储存在JSON文件中，下一次打开会直接加载修改后的内容except FileNotFoundError:pass

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