一、Prometheus安装与部署

注意：gitlab自带Prometheus，并会启动Prometheus服务，所以会冲突，不要将gitlab与Prometheus部署在一起，否则会出现端口冲突问题

安装服务端

# 下载安装包
[root@promethus ~]# mkdir /prometheus
[root@promethus /opt]# cd /prometheus/
[root@promethus /prometheus]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.25.0/prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz# 解压
[root@promethus /prometheus]# tar xf prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@promethus /prometheus]# cd prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64/
[root@promethus /prometheus/prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64]# mv prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64/* .
[root@promethus /prometheus]# cd ..
[root@promethus /prometheus]# rm -rf prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64*# 创建用户并授权
[root@promethus /prometheus]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin prometheus -M
[root@promethus /prometheus]# chown -R prometheus.prometheus /prometheus# 添加环境变量
[root@promethus /prometheus]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/prometheus:$PATH
[root@prometheus prometheus]# source /etc/profile
[root@prometheus prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml
.....- targets: ['192.168.13.17:9090']    #修改为自己的IP# 配置systemd管理
[root@promethus ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service
[Unit]
Description=prometheus server daemon
[Service]
ExecStart=/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/prometheus/prometheus.yml
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target# 重载启动列表
[root@promethus ~]# systemctl daemon-reload# 启动
[root@promethus ~]# systemctl start prometheus.service# 开机自启
[root@promethus ~]# systemctl enable --now prometheus.service

添加监控节点

#其他主机
[root@harbor ~]# cd /opt/
[root@harbor ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.1.1/node_exporter-1.1.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@harbor opt]# tar xf node_exporter-1.1.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@harbor opt]# ln -s /usr/local/node_exporter-1.1.1.linux-amd64/ /usr/local/node_exporter
[root@web02 /prometheus_node]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=prometheus server daemon
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@harbor opt]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@harbor opt]# systemctl enable --now node_exporter.service #prometheus服务器
# 定义节点方法一：static_configs:- targets: ['localhost:9090','web01:9100','10.0.0.8:9100']   --->定义监控节点定义节点方法二：- job_name: 'k8s'static_configs:- targets: - "192.168.13.11:9100"- "192.168.13.12:9100"- "192.168.13.13:9100"- "192.168.13.14:9100"- "192.168.13.16:9100"
[root@prometheus ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@prometheus ~]# systemctl restart prometheus.service

二、安装后文件说明

目录下文件说明

[root@promethus /prometheus]# ls
console_libraries       --->控制台函数库
consoles                --->控制台
data                    --->数据存放目录LICENSE                 --->许可证
NOTICE                  --->通知
prometheus              --->启动脚本
prometheus.yml          --->主配置文件
promtool                --->系统工具

主配置文件说明

[root@promethus /prometheus]# cat prometheus.ymlglobal:                 --->全局变量scrape_interval:     15s # 抓取时间间隔，每隔15秒去抓取一次evaluation_interval: 15s # 监控数据评估间隔scrape_configs:- job_name: 'prometheus'           --->定义job名字static_configs:- targets: ['localhost:9090','web01:9100','10.0.0.8:9100']   --->定义监控节点

安装后出现的问题

问题：component=“scrape manager” scrape_pool=prometheus target=http://localhost:9090/metrics msg=“Appending scrape report failed” err=“out of bounds”

问题分析：locahost无法解析

问题解决：将localhost 改为自己的主机ip
重启Prometheus

三、Prometheus加grafana（界面优化）

Grafana是一款用Go语言开发的开源数据可视化工具，可以做数据监控和数据统计，带有告警功能。目前使用grafana的公司有很多，如paypal、ebay、intel等。

特点

1、可视化：快速和灵活的客户端图形具有多种选项。面板插件为许多不同的方式可视化指标和日志。
2、报警：可视化地为最重要的指标定义警报规则。Grafana将持续评估它们，并发送通知。
3、通知：警报更改状态时，它会发出通知。接收电子邮件通知。
4、动态仪表盘：使用模板变量创建动态和可重用的仪表板，这些模板变量作为下拉菜单出现在仪表板顶部。
5、混合数据源：在同一个图中混合不同的数据源!可以根据每个查询指定数据源。这甚至适用于自定义数据源。
6、注释：注释来自不同数据源图表。将鼠标悬停在事件上可以显示完整的事件元数据和标记。
7、过滤器：过滤器允许您动态创建新的键/值过滤器，这些过滤器将自动应用于使用该数据源的所有查询。

安装

# 下载
[root@promethus /prometheus]# cd /opt/
[root@promethus /opt]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/grafana/yum/rpm/grafana-7.4.3-1.x86_64.rpm# 安装
[root@promethus /opt]# yum localinstall grafana-7.4.3-1.x86_64.rpm -y# 启动并加入开机自启
[root@promethus /opt]# systemctl start grafana-server.service
[root@promethus /opt]# systemctl enable grafana-server.service # 检查
[root@promethus /opt]# netstat -lntup |grep grafana
tcp6       0      0 :::3000                 :::*                    LISTEN      18889/grafana-serve # 访问测试
http://192.168.13.17:3000   出现以下界面即为成功
默认管理用户：admin
默认密码：admin

四、grafana连接到Prometheus

五、简单出图测试

方法一：
添加数据源后---->+ -----> import----->upload json file---->将自己写的json文件导入即可
模板见附件
成功后：如下图

方法二：
添加数据源后---->+ -----> import----> 搜索框输入官方GUI码
GUI码来源：grafana.com---->grafana---->dashborad---->数据源选择 Prometheus---->点击模板---->复制任一个图形化界面GUI码即可
成功：如下图

附件：

{"annotations": {"list": [{"builtIn": 1,"datasource": "-- Grafana --","enable": true,"hide": true,"iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)","name": "Annotations & Alerts","type": "dashboard"}]},"description": "【中文版本】2020.06.28更新，增加整体资源展示！支持 Grafana6&7，Node Exporter v0.16及以上的版本，优化重要指标展示。包含整体资源展示与资源明细图表：CPU 内存 磁盘 IO 网络等监控指标。https://github.com/starsliao/Prometheus","editable": true,"gnetId": 12884,"graphTooltip": 0,"id": 4,"iteration": 1622769719910,"links": [{"icon": "external link","tags": [],"targetBlank": true,"title": "更新node_exporter","tooltip": "","type": "link","url": "https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases"},{"icon": "external link","tags": [],"targetBlank": true,"title": "更新当前仪表板","tooltip": "","type": "link","url": "https://grafana.com/dashboards/8919"},{"icon": "external link","tags": [],"targetBlank": true,"title": "StarsL.cn","tooltip": "","type": "link","url": "https://starsl.cn"},{"asDropdown": true,"icon": "external link","tags": [],"targetBlank": true,"title": "","type": "dashboards"}],"panels": [{"collapsed": false,"datasource": "Prometheus","gridPos": {"h": 1,"w": 24,"x": 0,"y": 0},"id": 187,"panels": [],"title": "资源总览（关联JOB项）当前选中主机：【$show_hostname】实例：$node","type": "row"},{"columns": [],"datasource": "Prometheus","description": "分区使用率、磁盘读取、磁盘写入、下载带宽、上传带宽，如果有多个网卡或者多个分区，是采集的使用率最高的网卡或者分区的数值。","fieldConfig": {"defaults": {"custom": {}},"overrides": []},"fontSize": "100%","gridPos": {"h": 5,"w": 24,"x": 0,"y": 1},"id": 185,"pageSize": 10,"showHeader": true,"sort": {"col": 5,"desc": false},"styles": [{"alias": "主机名","align": "auto","colorMode": null,"colors": ["rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 1,"link": false,"linkTooltip": "","linkUrl": "","mappingType": 1,"pattern": "nodename","thresholds": [],"type": "string","unit": "bytes"},{"alias": "IP（链接到明细）","align": "auto","colorMode": null,"colors": ["rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"link": true,"linkTargetBlank": false,"linkTooltip": "浏览主机明细","linkUrl": "/d/9CWBz0bik/node-exporter?orgId=1&var-job=${job}&var-hostname=All&var-node=${__cell}&var-device=All","mappingType": 1,"pattern": "instance","thresholds": [],"type": "number","unit": "short"},{"alias": "内存","align": "auto","colorMode": null,"colors": ["rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"link": false,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #B","thresholds": [],"type": "number","unit": "bytes"},{"alias": "CPU核","align": "auto","colorMode": null,"colors": ["rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": null,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #C","thresholds": [],"type": "number","unit": "short"},{"alias": " 运行时间","align": "auto","colorMode": null,"colors": ["rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #D","thresholds": [],"type": "number","unit": "s"},{"alias": "分区使用率*","align": "auto","colorMode": "cell","colors": ["rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #E","thresholds": ["70","85"],"type": "number","unit": "percent"},{"alias": "CPU使用率","align": "auto","colorMode": "cell","colors": ["rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #F","thresholds": ["70","85"],"type": "number","unit": "percent"},{"alias": "内存使用率","align": "auto","colorMode": "cell","colors": ["rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #G","thresholds": ["70","85"],"type": "number","unit": "percent"},{"alias": "磁盘读取*","align": "auto","colorMode": "cell","colors": ["rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #H","thresholds": ["10485760","20485760"],"type": "number","unit": "Bps"},{"alias": "磁盘写入*","align": "auto","colorMode": "cell","colors": ["rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #I","thresholds": ["10485760","20485760"],"type": "number","unit": "Bps"},{"alias": "下载带宽*","align": "auto","colorMode": "cell","colors": ["rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #J","thresholds": ["30485760","104857600"],"type": "number","unit": "bps"},{"alias": "上传带宽*","align": "auto","colorMode": "cell","colors": ["rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #K","thresholds": ["30485760","104857600"],"type": "number","unit": "bps"},{"alias": "5m负载","align": "auto","colorMode": null,"colors": ["rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"],"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss","decimals": 2,"mappingType": 1,"pattern": "Value #L","thresholds": [],"type": "number","unit": "short"},{"alias": "","align": "right","colorMode": null,"colors": ["rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"],"decimals": 2,"pattern": "/.*/","thresholds": [],"type": "hidden","unit": "short"}],"targets": [{"expr": "node_uname_info{job=~\"$job\"} - 0","format": "table","instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "主机名","refId": "A"},{"expr": "sum(time() - node_boot_time_seconds{job=~\"$job\"})by(instance)","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "运行时间","refId": "D"},{"expr": "node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job=~\"$job\"} - 0","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "总内存","refId": "B"},{"expr": "count(node_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job\",mode='system'}) by (instance)","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "总核数","refId": "C"},{"expr": "node_load5{job=~\"$job\"}","format": "table","instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "5分钟负载","refId": "L"},{"expr": "(1 - avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job\",mode=\"idle\"}[5m])) by (instance)) * 100","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "CPU使用率","refId": "F"},{"expr": "(1 - (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job=~\"$job\"} / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job=~\"$job\"})))* 100","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "内存使用率","refId": "G"},{"expr": "max((node_filesystem_size_bytes{job=~\"$job\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{job=~\"$job\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"}) *100/(node_filesystem_avail_bytes {job=~\"$job\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"}+(node_filesystem_size_bytes{job=~\"$job\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{job=~\"$job\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"})))by(instance)","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "分区使用率","refId": "E"},{"expr": "max(irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job\"}[5m])) by (instance)","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "最大读取","refId": "H"},{"expr": "max(irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job\"}[5m])) by (instance)","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "最大写入","refId": "I"},{"expr": "max(irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{job=~\"$job\"}[5m])*8) by (instance)","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "下载带宽","refId": "J"},{"expr": "max(irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{job=~\"$job\"}[5m])*8) by (instance)","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "上传带宽","refId": "K"}],"timeFrom": null,"timeShift": null,"title": "服务器资源总览表(每页10行)","transform": "table","type": "table-old"},{"aliasColors": {"192.168.200.241:9100_Total": "dark-red","Idle - Waiting for something to happen": "#052B51","guest": "#9AC48A","idle": "#052B51","iowait": "#EAB839","irq": "#BF1B00","nice": "#C15C17","sdb_每秒I/O操作%": "#d683ce","softirq": "#E24D42","steal": "#FCE2DE","system": "#508642","user": "#5195CE","磁盘花费在I/O操作占比": "#ba43a9"},"bars": false,"dashLength": 10,"dashes": false,"datasource": "Prometheus","decimals": null,"description": "","fieldConfig": {"defaults": {"custom": {},"links": []},"overrides": []},"fill": 0,"fillGradient": 0,"gridPos": {"h": 8,"w": 8,"x": 0,"y": 6},"hiddenSeries": false,"id": 191,"legend": {"alignAsTable": false,"avg": false,"current": true,"hideEmpty": true,"hideZero": true,"max": false,"min": false,"rightSide": false,"show": true,"sideWidth": null,"sort": "current","sortDesc": true,"total": false,"values": true},"lines": true,"linewidth": 2,"links": [],"maxPerRow": 6,"nullPointMode": "null","options": {"alertThreshold": true},"percentage": false,"pluginVersion": "7.3.6","pointradius": 5,"points": false,"renderer": "flot","repeat": null,"seriesOverrides": [{"alias": "总平均使用率","lines": false,"pointradius": 1,"points": true,"yaxis": 2},{"alias": "总核数","color": "#C4162A"}],"spaceLength": 10,"stack": false,"steppedLine": false,"targets": [{"expr": "count(node_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job\", mode='system'})","format": "time_series","hide": false,"interval": "","intervalFactor": 1,"legendFormat": "总核数","refId": "B","step": 240},{"expr": "sum(node_load5{job=~\"$job\"})","format": "time_series","hide": false,"interval": "","intervalFactor": 1,"legendFormat": "总5分钟负载","refId": "A","step": 240},{"expr": "avg(1 - avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job\",mode=\"idle\"}[5m])) by (instance)) * 100","format": "time_series","hide": false,"interval": "30m","intervalFactor": 1,"legendFormat": "总平均使用率","refId": "F","step": 240}],"thresholds": [],"timeFrom": null,"timeRegions": [],"timeShift": null,"title": "$job：整体总负载与整体平均CPU使用率","tooltip": {"shared": true,"sort": 2,"value_type": "individual"},"type": "graph","xaxis": {"buckets": null,"mode": "time","name": null,"show": true,"values": []},"yaxes": [{"decimals": null,"format": "short","label": "总负载","logBase": 1,"max": null,"min": null,"show": true},{"decimals": 0,"format": "percent","label": "平均使用率","logBase": 1,"max": null,"min": null,"show": true}],"yaxis": {"align": false,"alignLevel": null}},{"aliasColors": {"192.168.200.241:9100_总内存": "dark-red","内存_Avaliable": "#6ED0E0","内存_Cached": "#EF843C","内存_Free": "#629E51","内存_Total": "#6d1f62","内存_Used": "#eab839","可用": "#9ac48a","总内存": "#bf1b00"},"bars": false,"dashLength": 10,"dashes": false,"datasource": "Prometheus","decimals": 1,"fieldConfig": {"defaults": {"custom": {},"links": []},"overrides": []},"fill": 0,"fillGradient": 0,"gridPos": {"h": 8,"w": 8,"x": 8,"y": 6},"height": "300","hiddenSeries": false,"id": 195,"legend": {"alignAsTable": false,"avg": false,"current": true,"max": false,"min": false,"rightSide": false,"show": true,"sort": "current","sortDesc": false,"total": false,"values": true},"lines": true,"linewidth": 2,"links": [],"nullPointMode": "null","options": {"alertThreshold": true},"percentage": false,"pluginVersion": "7.3.6","pointradius": 5,"points": false,"renderer": "flot","seriesOverrides": [{"alias": "总内存","color": "#C4162A","fill": 0},{"alias": "总平均使用率","lines": false,"pointradius": 1,"points": true,"yaxis": 2}],"spaceLength": 10,"stack": false,"steppedLine": false,"targets": [{"expr": "sum(node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job=~\"$job\"})","format": "time_series","hide": false,"instant": false,"interval": 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