在python的爬虫学习中,我们的url经常出现中文的问题,

我们想要访问的url就需要对url进行拼接,变成浏览器可以识别的url

在python中已经有了这样的模块了,这就是urlencode

urlencode需要对中文和关键字组成一对字典,然后解析成我们的url

在python2中是

urllib.urlencode(keyword)

在Python中是

urllib.parse.urlencode(keyword)

查看一下代码:

python2

import urllib

import urllib2

#例如我们需要在百度上输入个关键字哈士奇进行查询,但是哈士奇是中文的,我们需要对哈士奇进行编码

keyword = {"wd":"哈士奇"}

head_url = "http://www.baidu.com/s"

headers = {

"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36"

}

wd = urllib.urlencode(keyword)

url = head_url +"?"+ wd

req = urllib2.Request(url,headers=headers)

response = urllib2.urlopen(req)

html = response.read()

print(url)

print(html.count('哈士奇'))

结果如下:

在python3中:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# File : url中出现的中文问题.py

# Author: HuXianyong

# Date : 2018-09-13 17:39

from urllib import request

import urllib

#例如我们需要在百度上输入个关键字哈士奇进行查询,但是哈士奇是中文的,我们需要对哈士奇进行编码

keyword = {"wd":"哈士奇"}

head_url = "http://www.baidu.com/s"

headers = {

"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36"

}

wd = urllib.parse.urlencode(keyword)

url = head_url +"?"+ wd

req = request.Request(url,headers=headers)

response = request.urlopen(req)

html = response.read()

print(html.decode().count("哈士奇"))

print(url)

结果如下:

如果需要吧转换的字符变成中文

可以用unquota

如下:

python2

In [25]: dic = {"say":"你好!"}

In [26]: urllib.urlencode(dic)

Out[26]: 'say=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%21'

In [27]: aa = urllib.urlencode(dic)

In [28]: aa

Out[28]: 'say=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%21'

In [29]: bb = urllib.unquote(aa)

In [30]: bb

Out[30]: 'say=\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd!'

In [31]: print(bb)

say=你好!

python3

In [16]: dic = {"say":"你好!"}

In [17]: aa = urllib.parse.urlencode(dic)

In [18]: aa

Out[18]: 'say=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%21'

In [19]: bb = urllib.parse.unquote(aa)

In [20]: bb

Out[20]: 'say=你好!'

但是如果我们的是post请求数据需要加在data里面这样就还需要对data做处理,不然会报字符串的错:

TypeError: POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be of type str.

这样的解决方法是需要加上个编码

data = urllib.parse.urlencode(formData).encode(encoding="UTF8")

代码如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# File : Ajax爬取豆瓣电影列表.py

# Author: HuXianyong

# Date : 2018-09-14 14:35

import urllib

from urllib import request

url = "https://movie.douban.com/j/new_search_subjects?"

headers = {

"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36"

}

formData = {

"sort": "S",

"range": "0,10",

"tags": "电影,魔幻",

"start": "0",

"genres": "剧情"

}

data = urllib.parse.urlencode(formData).encode(encoding="UTF8")

req = request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)

response = request.urlopen(req)

move_info = response.read().decode()

print(response.read().decode())