1、下载chrome浏览器，查看浏览器版本(在chrome浏览器中输入下面命令)

chrome://version/

3、将下载后的chrome驱动放入到python路径下的Scripts目录下

①找不到对应版本(大版本一致即可)

chrome版本：84.0.4147.125 (正式版本) (64 位)

chromedriver.exe版本：84.0.4147.30

②chromedriver.exe放入对应位置

F:\Anaconda3\Scripts

4、测试是否成功

https://www.jd.com/ ：输入框id为key (可以键盘Enter，也可以点击按钮)

from selenium import webdriver # 用来驱动浏览器的

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys # 键盘按键操作

from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait # 等待页面加载某些元素

import time

driver=webdriver.Chrome()

try:

#隐式等待:在查找所有元素时，如果尚未被加载，则等10秒

driver.implicitly_wait(10)

#1、访问百度

driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

#2、查找输入框

input_tag=driver.find_element_by_id("kw")

#3、在搜索框在输入要搜索的内容

input_tag.send_keys('秦时明月')

# 4、按键盘回车键

input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

finally:

#driver.close()

pass

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

try:

driver.implicitly_wait(10)

# 1、往jd发送请求

driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')

# 找到输入框输入围城

input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')

input_tag.send_keys('围城')

# 键盘回车

input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

time.sleep(2)

# 找到输入框输入墨菲定律

input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')

input_tag.clear()

input_tag.send_keys('墨菲定律')

# 找到搜索按钮点击搜索

button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('button')

button.click()

time.sleep(10)

finally:

driver.close()

5、如何获取html内容

①隐式等待

②driver.find_element_by_xpath(path)

path：单斜杠，绝对路径

path：双斜杠，相对路径

find_element_by_xpath：第一个

find_elements_by_xpath：全部，list

//div[@id="images"] ：限制条件 [@id="images"]

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

'''

Example website

'''

try:

# 隐式等待: 写在get请求前

driver.implicitly_wait(10)

driver.get('https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html')

#根据xpath语法查找元素(element elements)

#单斜杠/-->从根节点开始 绝对定位

html = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html')

a = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("/html/body/div/a")

#html = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/head') # 报错

print(a[2].text)

#双斜杠//--> 相对路径

div = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a')

print(div.tag_name)

# 艾特符号@ -->查找id为images的div节点

div = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="images"]')

print(div.tag_name)

print(div.text)

# 找到任意一个a节点

a = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a')

print(a.get_attribute('href'))

print(a.text)

a = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//img')

print(a[2].get_attribute('src'))

finally:

#pass

driver.close()

6、如何爬取一个页面(不同版本，可能对于的div属性名不一致，需要检查class和target等等)

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

import time

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()

prefs = {'profile.default_content_settings.popups': 0, 'download.default_directory': './download'}

options.add_experimental_option('prefs', prefs)

options.add_experimental_option("prefs", {"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images": 2}) # 2不加载图片,加快访问速度

options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches',

['enable-automation']) # 此步骤很重要，设置为开发者模式，防止被各大网站识别出来使用了Selenium

# options.add_argument('--headless')

driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

driver.implicitly_wait(10)

driver.get(url="https://www.baidu.com/s?rtt=1&bsst=1&cl=2&tn=news&word=%E5%A4%B1%E4%B8%9A%E5%B0%B1%E4%B8%9A")

for key in ["自然灾害"]:

yy=driver.find_element_by_id("kw") #找到输入框

yy.clear() #清空输入框

yy.send_keys(key) #输入框填充数据

driver.find_element_by_id("su").click() #点击搜索

from tqdm import tqdm

from lxml import etree

#print(driver.page_source) #整个页面

allcontent=[]

alltitle=[]

for index in tqdm(range(1)):

try:

titles=[]

urls=[]

dom = etree.HTML(driver.page_source)

for j in dom.xpath('//div[@class="result-op c-container xpath-log new-pmd"]'):

url=j.xpath('.//a[@target="_blank"]')[0].xpath('.//@href')

title="".join([i.strip() for i in j.xpath('.//a[@target="_blank"]')[0].xpath('.//text()')])

urls.append(url)

titles.append(title)

assert len(urls)==len(titles)

#根据url获取标题里面的内容

import requests as req

txts=[]

for i in urls:

tmp=req.get(i[0]).content

try:

content = str(tmp,"utf-8")

except:

content = str(tmp,"gbk")

dom = etree.HTML(content)

txt=dom.xpath('//p//text()') #所有的p标签

txts.append(txt)

assert len(titles)==len(txts)

alltitle.extend(titles)

allcontent.extend(txts)

except:

pass

#下一页

tmp=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('n')

time.sleep(3) #延迟3秒

tmp[-1].click() #上一页和下一页的区别，只取下一页

#写入

import pandas as pd

df=pd.DataFrame()

df["text"]=allcontent

df["title"]=alltitle

print(alltitle[0])

print(type(alltitle[0]))

df.to_csv(key+".csv",header=True,index=False,encoding="utf_8_sig") #utf-8

driver.quit()

7、如何爬取百度图片

from selenium import webdriver

import time

import requests

import os

from lxml import etree

name = input('请输入你要搜索的名字：')

number = int(input('请输入你要保存的文件数量：'))

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.implicitly_wait(10)

driver.get('http://image.baidu.com/') #打开百度图片

driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys(name) #文本框输入name

driver.find_element_by_class_name('s_search').click() #点击搜索

def downImg(imgUrl, dirpath, imgName):

filename = os.path.join(dirpath, imgName)

try:

res = requests.get(imgUrl, timeout=15)

if str(res.status_code)[0] == "4":

print(str(res.status_code), ":" , imgUrl)

return False

except Exception as e:

print("抛出异常：", imgUrl)

print(e)

return False

with open(filename, "wb") as f:

f.write(res.content)

return True

urls=[]

while len(urls)

urls.clear()

dom = etree.HTML(driver.page_source)

for url in dom.xpath('//img[@class="main_img img-hover"]'):

urls.append(url.xpath(".//@data-imgurl")[0])

print(len(urls))

print("刷新...")

driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)") #滚到最底部

time.sleep(3)

for i in range(number):

downImg(urls[i],"./img/",str(i)+".jpg")

print('finish...')

driver.quit()

8、总结

1、selenium默认解析函数

tmp=find_element_by_xpath() #获取标签

tmp=find_elements_by_xpath()

tmp.get_attribute('href')) #获取属性

相对路径和绝对路径

2、将chrome驱动获取的内容转换成html

dom=etree.HTML(driver.page_source)

dom.xpath(//img) #获取标签

dom.xpath(.//@hearf) #获取当前标签下的属性

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/hqh131360239/article/details/108232926