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相关文章：

• 《RocketMQ 消息队列单机部署及使用》
• 《 java编写简单消息队列。实现高德坐标变形服务》

0 RocketMQ简单介绍

0.1 介绍

RocketMQ是一个消息中间件。

消息中间件中有两个角色：消息生产者和消息消费者。RocketMQ里相同有这两个概念。消息生产者负责创建消息并发送到RocketMQ服务器。RocketMQ服务器会将消息持久化到磁盘，消息消费者从RocketMQ服务器拉取消息并提交给应用消费。

0.2 特点

RocketMQ是一款分布式、队列模型的消息中间件，具有下面特点：

• 支持严格的消息顺序
• 支持Topic与Queue两种模式
• 亿级消息堆积能力
• 比較友好的分布式特性
• 同一时候支持Push与Pull方式消费消息
• 历经多次天猫双十一海量消息考验

0.3 部署结构

上图所看到的为RocketMQ的部署结构，图中Meta字样为RocketMQ早期代号。

1 RocketMQ 消息队列单机部署

1.1 系统配置环境

主机：Linux 
内存：8G 
硬盘：250G 
CPU：4核 
 

1.2 须要用到的软件包和文档

眼下在Github上可下载最新的安装包alibaba-rocketmq-3.2.6.tar

下载地址：https://github.com/alibaba/RocketMQ

历史版本号说明文档：Metaq原理与应用.docx

备注：RocketMQ早起在淘宝内部叫Metaq，去年改名为RocketMQ。不过该文档是针对历史版本号的Metaq，仅供參考和熟悉一些概念。

1.3 服务器java环境

$java -version
java version "1.8.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_45-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.45-b02, mixed mode)

1.4 rocketmq服务端安装

解压alibaba-rocketmq-3.2.6.tar

tar xvf alibaba-rocketmq-3.1.8.tar.gz -C /opt/

配置rocketmq的环境变量，在/etc/profile最后加入

export ROCKETMQ_HOME=/opt/alibaba-rocketmq
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ROCKETMQ_HOME/bin:$PATH

使rocketmq的环境变量生效

source /etc/profile

给下列命令可运行权限

cd /opt/alibaba-rocketmq/bin/;
chmod +x mqadmin mqbroker mqfiltersrv mqshutdown  mqnamesrv

新建日志目录

cd /opt/alibaba-rocketmq
mkdir log

启动nameserver

nohup mqnamesrv 1>/opt/alibaba-rocketmq/log/ng.log 2>/opt/alibaba-rocketmq/log/ng-err.log &

查看启动状态

$ps aux|grep java
125233   12248 21.1  0.9 7151512 75844 pts/1 Sl 11:37 0:01 /opt/java/jdk1.8.0_45/bin/java -server -Xms4g -Xmx4g -Xmn2g -XX:PermSize=128m -XX:MaxPermSize=320m -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=70 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled -XX:SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMB=0 -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -verbose:gc -Xloggc:/home/xiaolong.xiao/rmq_srv_gc.log -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow -Djava.ext.dirs=/opt/alibaba-rocketmq/bin/../lib -cp .:/opt/alibaba-rocketmq/bin/../conf:.:/opt/java/jdk1.8.0_45/lib/dt.jar:/opt/java/jdk1.8.0_45/lib/tools.jar com.alibaba.rocketmq.namesrv.NamesrvStartup

验证nameserver是否启动

$tail -f /opt/alibaba-rocketmq/log/ng.log
The Name Server boot success.

启动broker，在启动borker之前须要指定nameserver地址。当中10.125.1.186为所在服务器IP

export NAMESRV_ADDR=10.125.1.186:9876
nohup mqbroker >/opt/alibaba-rocketmq/log/mq.log &

验证mqbroker是否启动

tail -f /opt/alibaba-rocketmq/log/mq.logJava HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option PermSize=128m; support was removed in 8.0
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option MaxPermSize=320m; support was removed in 8.0 Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release. The broker[e010125001186.bja, 10.125.1.186:10911] boot success. and name server is 10.125.1.186:9876

最后配置防火墙 
nameserver端口为9876 
broker端口为10911

lokkit -p 9876:tcp -p 10911:tcp

关闭nameserver broker运行的命令

mqshutdown namesrv
mqshutdown broker

关闭nameserver

mqshutdown namesrv
The mqnamesrv(12248) is running...
Send shutdown request to mqnamesrv(12248) OK

关闭broker

$mqshutdown broker
The mqbroker(13634) is running...
Send shutdown request to mqbroker(13634) OK

成功安装显示结果： 

2 java客户端使用RocketMQ 消息队列

2.1 依赖配置

<!-- RocketMQ Java SDK -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.rocketmq</groupId><artifactId>rocketmq-client</artifactId><version>3.2.6</version>
</dependency>

2.2 创建生产者

用来获取一个单例的生产者。

package com.autonavi.rocketmq.producer;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;/*** @author dddd * @description 消息生产者 * @date 2016-04-07 */ public class Producer { /* * Constructs a client instance with your account for accessing DefaultMQProducer */ private static DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); private static int initialState = 0; private Producer() { } public static DefaultMQProducer getDefaultMQProducer(){ if(producer == null){ producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); } if(initialState == 0){ producer.setNamesrvAddr("100.125.1.186:9876"); try { producer.start(); } catch (MQClientException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return null; } initialState = 1; } return producer; } }

2.3 创建消费者

用来获取一个单例的消费者。

消费者相似于直接操作数据库的对象，比方生产者下了订单订火车票。消费者就一直监听。有订单消息过来了，就去运行下订单操作。

package com.autonavi.rocketmq.consumer;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.consumer.ConsumeFromWhere;/*** @author dddd * @description 消息消费者 * @date 2016-04-07 */ public class Consumer { /* * Constructs a client instance with your account for accessing DefaultMQConsumer */ private static DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); private static int initialState = 0; private Consumer() { } public static DefaultMQPushConsumer getDefaultMQPushConsumer(){ if(consumer == null){ consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); } if(initialState == 0){ consumer.setNamesrvAddr("100.125.1.186:9876"); consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET); initialState = 1; } return consumer; } }

2.4 创建生产和消费服务

package com.autonavi.rocketmq.service;import java.util.List;import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer; import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext; import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus; import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently; import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException; import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException; import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer; import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult; import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message; import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt; import com.alibaba.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException; import com.autonavi.rocketmq.consumer.Consumer; import com.autonavi.rocketmq.producer.Producer; public class Test { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Test.class); public static void main(String[] args){ sendMsg(); } public static void sendMsg(){ // 获取消息生产者 DefaultMQProducer producer = Producer.getDefaultMQProducer(); try { for(int i=0;i<2000;i++){ Message msg = new Message( "TopicTest1", // topic "TagA", // tag "OrderID00"+i, // key ("Hello MetaQ"+i).getBytes()); // body SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); //logger.info("sendResult:{}", sendResult); } } catch (MQClientException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (RemotingException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (MQBrokerException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } producer.shutdown(); } public static void receiveMsg(){ // 获取消息生产者 DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = Consumer.getDefaultMQPushConsumer(); // 订阅主体 try { consumer.subscribe("TopicTest1", "*"); consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() { /** * * 默认msgs里唯独一条消息，能够通过设置consumeMessageBatchMaxSize參数来批量接收消息 */ public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage( List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) { logger.info("currentThreadName:{} and Receive New Messages:{}",Thread.currentThread().getName(),msgs); MessageExt msg = msgs.get(0); if (msg.getTopic().equals("TopicTest1")) { // 运行TopicTest1的消费逻辑 if (msg.getTags() != null && msg.getTags().equals("TagA")) { // 运行TagA的消费 logger.info("MsgBody:{}",new String(msg.getBody())); } else if (msg.getTags() != null && msg.getTags().equals("TagC")) { // 运行TagC的消费 } else if (msg.getTags() != null && msg.getTags().equals("TagD")) { // 运行TagD的消费 } } else if (msg.getTopic().equals("TopicTest2")) { // 运行TopicTest2的消费逻辑 } return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS; } }); /** * Consumer对象在使用之前必须要调用start初始化。初始化一次就可以<br> */ consumer.start(); logger.info("Consumer Started."); } catch (MQClientException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }

2.5 測试效果

2.5.1 生产100个消息

2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C286, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=0], queueOffset=617] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C31B, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=1], queueOffset=616] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C3B0, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=2], queueOffset=614] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C445, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=3], queueOffset=614] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C4DA, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=0], queueOffset=618] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C56F, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=1], queueOffset=617] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C604, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=2], queueOffset=615] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C699, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=3], queueOffset=615] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C72E, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=0], queueOffset=619] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C7C3, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=1], queueOffset=618] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C858, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=2], queueOffset=616] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C8EF, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=3], queueOffset=616] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C986, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=0], queueOffset=620] 2016-04-07-16-01 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - sendResult:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005CA1D, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=TopicTest1, brokerName=e010125001186.bja, queueId=1], queueOffset=619] ...

2.5.2 消费100个消息

2016-04-07-16-04 [main] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - Consumer Started. 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_11] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - currentThreadName:ConsumeMessageThread_11 and Receive New Messages:[MessageExt [queueId=3, storeSize=151, queueOffset=618, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1460016115897, bornHost=/30.85.231.35:58198, storeTimestamp=1460016115856, storeHost=/10.125.1.186:10911, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005CDA7, commitLogOffset=380327, bodyCRC=901334138, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message [topic=TopicTest1, flag=0, properties={TAGS=TagA, KEYS=OrderID0019, WAIT=true, MAX_OFFSET=639, MIN_OFFSET=0}, body=13]]] 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_8] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - currentThreadName:ConsumeMessageThread_8 and Receive New Messages:[MessageExt [queueId=3, storeSize=149, queueOffset=615, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1460016115722, bornHost=/30.85.231.35:58198, storeTimestamp=1460016115680, storeHost=/10.125.1.186:10911, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C699, commitLogOffset=378521, bodyCRC=260218519, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message [topic=TopicTest1, flag=0, properties={TAGS=TagA, KEYS=OrderID007, WAIT=true, MAX_OFFSET=639, MIN_OFFSET=0}, body=12]]] 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_9] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - currentThreadName:ConsumeMessageThread_9 and Receive New Messages:[MessageExt [queueId=3, storeSize=151, queueOffset=616, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1460016115773, bornHost=/30.85.231.35:58198, storeTimestamp=1460016115734, storeHost=/10.125.1.186:10911, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C8EF, commitLogOffset=379119, bodyCRC=996330568, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message [topic=TopicTest1, flag=0, properties={TAGS=TagA, KEYS=OrderID0011, WAIT=true, MAX_OFFSET=639, MIN_OFFSET=0}, body=13]]] 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_3] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - currentThreadName:ConsumeMessageThread_3 and Receive New Messages:[MessageExt [queueId=3, storeSize=149, queueOffset=614, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1460016115669, bornHost=/30.85.231.35:58198, storeTimestamp=1460016115629, storeHost=/10.125.1.186:10911, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C445, commitLogOffset=377925, bodyCRC=149904014, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message [topic=TopicTest1, flag=0, properties={TAGS=TagA, KEYS=OrderID003, WAIT=true, MAX_OFFSET=639, MIN_OFFSET=0}, body=12]]] 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_12] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - currentThreadName:ConsumeMessageThread_12 and Receive New Messages:[MessageExt [queueId=3, storeSize=151, queueOffset=619, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1460016115951, bornHost=/30.85.231.35:58198, storeTimestamp=1460016115911, storeHost=/10.125.1.186:10911, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005D003, commitLogOffset=380931, bodyCRC=2118254247, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message [topic=TopicTest1, flag=0, properties={TAGS=TagA, KEYS=OrderID0023, WAIT=true, MAX_OFFSET=639, MIN_OFFSET=0}, body=13]]] 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_11] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - MsgBody:Hello MetaQ19 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_1] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - currentThreadName:ConsumeMessageThread_1 and Receive New Messages:[MessageExt [queueId=1, storeSize=149, queueOffset=616, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1460016115635, bornHost=/30.85.231.35:58198, storeTimestamp=1460016115594, storeHost=/10.125.1.186:10911, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005C31B, commitLogOffset=377627, bodyCRC=1726036898, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message [topic=TopicTest1, flag=0, properties={TAGS=TagA, KEYS=OrderID001, WAIT=true, MAX_OFFSET=641, MIN_OFFSET=0}, body=12]]] 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_1] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - MsgBody:Hello MetaQ1 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_18] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - currentThreadName:ConsumeMessageThread_18 and Receive New Messages:[MessageExt [queueId=3, storeSize=151, queueOffset=625, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1460016116319, bornHost=/30.85.231.35:58198, storeTimestamp=1460016116278, storeHost=/10.125.1.186:10911, msgId=0A7D01BA00002A9F000000000005DE2B, commitLogOffset=384555, bodyCRC=796302648, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message [topic=TopicTest1, flag=0, properties={TAGS=TagA, KEYS=OrderID0047, WAIT=true, MAX_OFFSET=639, MIN_OFFSET=0}, body=13]]] 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_18] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - MsgBody:Hello MetaQ47 2016-04-07-16-04 [ConsumeMessageThread_4] [com.autonavi.rocketmq.service.Test] [INFO] - currentThreadName:ConsumeMessageThread_4 and Receive New Messages:[MessageExt [queueId=2, storeSize=149, queueOffset=614, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1460016115648, bornHost=/30.85.231.35:58198, storeTimestamp=1460016115608, storeHost=/10.125.1