Flask电影网站项目
2024-05-29 11:34:18
1 开发环境搭建
1.1 Windows环境
- 下载Python。
- 下载PyCharm。
- 下载virtualenv。
- 下载MySQL。可以安转一个数据库GUI。
1.2 Linux环境
- 下载VMware Workstation Pro。
- 下载ubuntu和xshell。
用xshell需要是虚拟机桥接。
- 下载Python。
pip install 名字 -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
- 下载PyCharm。
整个ubuntu还好说，但要是个最小版的Centos，那真就有点小离谱了，所以整个共享目录。
- 下载virtualenv。
为了方便直接使用。
ln -s /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/virtualenv /usr/bin/virtualenv
virtualenv -p python3 vir_pyhon3
source vir_python3/bin/activate
- 下载MySQL。
sudo apt install mysql-server
sudo service mysql start
密码更改：
https://blog.csdn.net/hwstars/article/details/122738784?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=mysql%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%AE%89%E8%BD%AC%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AAubuntu&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2allsobaiduweb~default-0-122738784.142v70control,201v4add_ask&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_57309855/article/details/127602061?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522167319614116800213055420%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334…%2522%257D&request_id=167319614116800213055420&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2allsobaiduend~default-1-127602061-null-null.142v70control,201v4add_ask&utm_term=ERROR%201064%20%2842000%29%3A%20You%20have%20an%20error%20in%20your%20SQL%20syntax%3B%20check%20the%20manual%20that%20corresponds%20to%20your%20MySQL%20server%20version%20for%20the%20right%20syntax%20to%20use%20near%20%E2%80%98root%E2%80%99%20at%20line%201&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187
远程连接：
https://blog.csdn.net/a648119398/article/details/122420906?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522167319661216800215020531%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334…%2522%257D&request_id=167319661216800215020531&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2alltop_positive~default-1-122420906-null-null.142v70control,201v4add_ask&utm_term=navicat%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5mysql&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187
https://blog.csdn.net/fengzijinliang/article/details/51387102?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=navicat%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5mysql&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2allsobaiduweb~default-1-51387102.142v70control,201v4add_ask&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187
最后一个问题是发现我的my.cnf中并没有需要注释的代码，反而在/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf文件中，注释掉就好了。
本人所写的博客：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_61823031/article/details/128608050
2 Flask框架简介
2.1 MVC框架对比
- Flask：微框架。易学习、Jinja2模板、内置服务器、扩展丰富，易扩展。
- Django：全能框架、学习成本大
- Tornado：高性能、异步处理、扩展不多
- Bottle：小巧
2.2 下载
pip install flask
2.3 运行
Windows下直接使用PyCharm进行。
Linux下运行：
export FLASK_APP=app.py
flask run host 0.0.0.0
然后就可以使用Linux的主机IP地址在浏览器上进行访问即可。
2.4 Flask相关
2.5 Flask配置
网络配置
监听网卡：本地网卡（127.0.0.1），整块网卡（0.0.0.0）
这里导入配置的方法，本人选择使用导入py文件配置。
如下：
from flask import Flask
import configs# 初始化实例
app = Flask(__name__)
# 加载配置文件
app.config.from_object(configs)@app.route('/')
def hello_world(): # put application's code herereturn 'Hello World!'if __name__ == '__main__':app.run(host="0.0.0.0")DEBUG = True一直有个警告气死我了，调的时候还导致多了第一句废话，更气了！
3 Flask路由和请求对象
3.1 路由方式
- route()：内部调用add_url_rule()
- add_url_rule()
加入参数的方式。
@app.route("/<name>"):
def hello(name)return "hello, %s" % name
- 蓝图
一般使用两个文件来实现，类似如下所示。
from flask import Flask
from controller import start
import configs# 初始化实例
app = Flask(__name__)
# 加载配置文件
app.config.from_object(configs)app.register_blueprint(start, url_prefix="/start")if __name__ == '__main__':app.run(host="0.0.0.0")
from flask import Flask, Blueprintstart = Blueprint("start", __name__)@start.route("/")
def hello():return "hello, world!"@start.route("/my")
def hello2():return "hello, two!"
3.2 HTTP请求
- DNS解析：根据域名获取IP
- HTTP请求
- HTTP响应
获取请求对象的GET和POST参数
请求的示例代码：
@start.route("/get")
def get():var_a = request.args.get("a", "hello")return "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.args, var_a)@start.route("/post", methods=["POST"])
def post():var_a = request.form['a'] if "a" in request.form else ''return "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.form, var_a)
post请求直接刷新浏览器是不行的，这里使用了hackbar这样的一款插件来发送post请求。
还有一种不需要区分的方式：
@start.route("/get")
def get():req = request.valuesvar_a = req['a'] if 'a' in req else "none"# var_a = request.args.get("a", "hello")return "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.args, var_a)@start.route("/post", methods=["POST"])
def post():req = request.valuesvar_a = req['a'] if 'a' in req else "none"# var_a = request.form['a'] if "a" in request.form else ''return "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.form, var_a)
上传文件
@start.route("/upload", methods=["POST"])
def upload():f = request.files['file'] if "file" in request.files else Nonereturn "request:%s, params:%s,file:%s"%(request.method, request.files, f)
使用Postman进行测试。
如果对于同一个参数a，同时使用get和post的传参，request.values会接受get方式的请求。
4 Flask响应对象和模板
4.1 Flask响应
- text/html
@start.route("/text")
def text():return "text/html"@start.route("/text_same")
def text_same():response = make_response("text/html", 200)return response
- Json
@start.route("/json")
def json():import jsondata = {"a": "b"}# 默认text，所以要改成jsonresponse = make_response(json.dumps(data))response.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"return response@start.route("/json_same")
def json_same():data = {"a": "b"}response = make_response(jsonify(data))return response
- 模板响应
@start.route("/template")
def template():return render_template("index.html")
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
hello ， template！
</body>
</html>
官方文档中的说明。
4.2 模板引擎Jinja2
- 传递变量
@start.route("/template")
def template():# 传值# name = "daye"# return render_template("index.html", name=name)name = "daye"context = {"name":name}return render_template("index.html", **context)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
hello ， template！
<p>hello ,{{ name }}</p>
</body>
</html>
- Jinja2基本语法
@start.route("/template")
def template():# 传值# name = "daye"# return render_template("index.html", name=name)name = "daye"context = {"name": name, 'user': {"nickname": "day3", "qq": 12324, "home": "Bejing"}, 'num_list': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}return render_template("index.html", **context)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title></head><body>hello ， template！<p>hello ,{{ name }}</p><p>{% if user %}{{ user.nickname }} QQ：{{ user.qq }} 家庭住址：{{ user.home }}{% endif %}</p><p>{% for tmp in num_list %}{{ tmp }}{% endfor %}</p></body>
</html>
- 模板继承
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>模板</title>
</head>
<body>
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
{% extends "common/base.html" %}{% block content %}
<p>this is extend</p>
{% endblock %}
@start.route("/extend")
def extend():return render_template("extend.html")
5 Flask数据库
5.1 数据库配置
下载必要的配置：
pip install flask_sqlalchemy
apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev python3-dev
pip install mysqlclient
增添代码如下所示：
from flask import Blueprint, request, make_response, jsonify, render_template
from sqlalchemy import text
from exts import db@start.route("/template")
def template():# 传值# name = "daye"# return render_template("index.html", name=name)name = "daye"context = {"name": name, 'user': {"nickname": "day3", "qq": 12324, "home": "Bejing"}, 'num_list': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}sql = text("select * from `user`")result = db.engine.execute(sql)context['result'] = resultreturn render_template("index.html", **context)
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemydb = SQLAlchemy()
from flask import Flask
from controller import start
import configs
from exts import db
# 增加session会话保护(任意字符串,用来对session进行加密)
app.secret_key = "day3"
# db绑定app
db.init_app(app)
DEBUG = True
# 数据库配置
HOSTNAME = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = '3306'
DATABASE = 'mysql'
USERNAME = 'root'
PASSWORD = 'root'
DB_URI = 'mysql+mysqldb://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}?charset=utf8'. \format(USERNAME, PASSWORD, HOSTNAME, PORT, DATABASE)SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = DB_URI
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True
SQLALCHEMY_ECHO = True
5.2 Flask通过Model访问数据库
@start.route("/template")
def template():# 传值# name = "daye"# return render_template("index.html", name=name)name = "daye"context = {"name": name, 'user': {"nickname": "day3", "qq": 12324, "home": "Bejing"}, 'num_list': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}# 数据库查询# sql = text("select * from `user`")# result = db.engine.execute(sql)result = User.query.all()context['result'] = resultreturn render_template("index.html", **context)from exts import dbclass User(db.Model):Host = db.Column(db.String(80), primary_key=True)User = db.Column(db.String(120))
5.3 自动生成model
下载自动生成model的库。
pip install flask-sqlacodegen
生成model的命令。
flask-sqlacodegen ‘mysql+mysqldb://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/mysql?charset=utf8’ --table user --outfile “user.py” --flask
生成的表如下所示：
# coding: utf-8
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemydb = SQLAlchemy()class User(db.Model):__tablename__ = 'user'Host = db.Column(db.String(255, 'ascii_general_ci'), primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())User = db.Column(db.String(32, 'utf8mb3_bin'), primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Select_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Insert_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Update_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Delete_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Create_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Drop_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Reload_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Shutdown_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Process_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())File_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Grant_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())References_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Index_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Alter_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Show_db_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Super_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Create_tmp_table_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Lock_tables_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Execute_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Repl_slave_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Repl_client_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Create_view_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Show_view_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Create_routine_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Alter_routine_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Create_user_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Event_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Trigger_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Create_tablespace_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())ssl_type = db.Column(db.Enum('', 'ANY', 'X509', 'SPECIFIED'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())ssl_cipher = db.Column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=False)x509_issuer = db.Column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=False)x509_subject = db.Column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=False)max_questions = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())max_updates = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())max_connections = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())max_user_connections = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())plugin = db.Column(db.String(64, 'utf8mb3_bin'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())authentication_string = db.Column(db.Text(collation='utf8mb3_bin'))password_expired = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())password_last_changed = db.Column(db.DateTime)password_lifetime = db.Column(db.SmallInteger)account_locked = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Create_role_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Drop_role_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())Password_reuse_history = db.Column(db.SmallInteger)Password_reuse_time = db.Column(db.SmallInteger)Password_require_current = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'))User_attributes = db.Column(db.JSON)
写好的model读入数据库。
from app import app, db
if __name__ == '__main__':from models import Userwith app.app_context():db.create_all()# app.run(host="0.0.0.0")
6 MVC优化
- flask_script自定义启动命令
- 多环境配置文件
- flask_debugtoolbar
- 错误拦截器
- 请求拦截器
7 登录和注册功能实现
7.1 猫影前台功能
用户数据表设计
导出建表SQL语句
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (`id` int(0) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`nickname` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '昵称',`login_name` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '登录用户名',`login_pwd` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '登录密码',`login_salt` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '登录密码随机码',`status` tinyint(0) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '状态：0：无效 1：有效',`updated_time` datetime(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) COMMENT '最后更新时间',`created_time` datetime(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) COMMENT '插入时间',PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,UNIQUE INDEX `UNIQUE`(`login_name`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;7.2 搭建页面
新建member.py文件
from flask import Blueprint, render_templatemember_page = Blueprint("member_page", __name__)@member_page.route("/reg")
def reg():return render_template("/member/reg.html")@member_page.route("/login")
def login():return render_template("/member/login.html")
使用bootstrap，此时模板文件为
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>模板</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"></head><body><!-- partial:partials/_sidebar.html --><nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-inverse" style="border-radius: 0"><div class="container-fluid"><!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --><div class="navbar-header"><button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button><a class="navbar-brand" href="/">猫影</a></div><!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="active"><a href="#">影视 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li></ul><ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"><li><a href="{{ url_for('member_page.login') }}">登录</a></li><li><a href="{{ url_for('member_page.reg') }}">注册</a></li></ul></div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --></div><!-- /.container-fluid --></nav><div class="container" style="min-height: 600px">{% block content %}{% endblock %}</div><footer class="text-center">day3 @2022</footer><script src="/static/bootstrap/js/jquery-2.0.3.js"></script><script src="/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></body>
</html>
注册界面
{% extends "common/base.html" %}
{% block content %}<div class="row" style="margin-top: 50px"><div class="col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-3"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading">用户注册</div><div class="panel-body"><form class="form-horizontal"><div class="form-group"><label for="login_name" class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="login_name" placeholder="请输入用户名"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="login_email" class="col-sm-2 control-label">邮箱</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="login_email" placeholder="请输入邮箱"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="login_pw1" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="password" class="form-control" id="login_pw1" placeholder="请输入密码"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="login_pw2" class="col-sm-2 control-label">确认密码</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="password" class="form-control" id="login_pw2" placeholder="请再次输入密码"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="yanzheng" class="col-sm-2 control-label">验证码</label><div class="col-sm-10"><div class="input-group"><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入验证码"><span class="input-group-btn"><button class="btn btn-default" type="button" id="yanzheng">获取验证码</button></span></div><!-- /input-group --></div></div><div class="form-group"><div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-6"><button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-block">确认</button></div></div></form></div></div></div></div>
{% endblock %}
登录界面
{% extends "common/base.html" %}
{% block content %}<div class="row" style="margin-top: 50px"><div class="col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-3"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading">用户登录</div><div class="panel-body"><form class="form-horizontal"><div class="form-group"><label for="login_name" class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="email" class="form-control" id="login_name" placeholder="请输入用户名"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="login_pwd" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="password" class="form-control" id="login_pwd" placeholder="请输入密码"></div></div><div class="form-group"><div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-6"><button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-block">登录</button></div></div></form></div></div></div></div>
{% endblock %}
7.3 注册功能实现
模板函数
from app import appclass UrlManager(object):@staticmethoddef buildUrl(path):config_domain = app.config['DOMAIN']return "%s%s"%(config_domain['www'], path)@staticmethoddef buildStaticUrl(path):path = "/static" + pathreturn UrlManager.buildUrl(path)
发送邮箱验证码
register.js
function bindEmailCaptchaClick(){$("#yanzheng").click(function (event){// $this：代表的是当前按钮的jquery对象var $this = $(this);// 阻止默认的事件event.preventDefault();var email = $("#login_email").val();$.ajax({// http://127.0.0.1:500// /auth/captcha/email?email=xx@qq.comurl: "/member/captcha/email?email="+email,method: "GET",success: function (result){var code = result['code'];if(code == 200){var countdown = 5;// 开始倒计时之前，就取消按钮的点击事件$this.off("click");var timer = setInterval(function (){$this.text(countdown);countdown -= 1;// 倒计时结束的时候执行if(countdown <= 0){// 清掉定时器clearInterval(timer);// 将按钮的文字重新修改回来$this.text("获取验证码");// 重新绑定点击事件bindEmailCaptchaClick();}}, 1000);// alert("邮箱验证码发送成功！");}else{alert(result['message']);}},fail: function (){console.log("获取验证码失败");}})});
}// 整个网页都加载完毕后再执行的
$(function (){bindEmailCaptchaClick();
});
路由
@member_page.route("/captcha/email")
def get_email_captcha():# /captcha/email/<email># /captcha/email?email=xxx@qq.comemail = request.args.get("email")# 4/6：随机数组、字母、数组和字母的组合source = string.digits*6captcha = random.sample(source, 6)captcha = "".join(captcha)# I/O：Input/Outputmessage = Message(subject="注册验证码", recipients=[email], body=f"您的验证码是:{captcha}")mail.send(message)# memcached/redis# 用数据库表的方式存储if len(EmailCaptcha.query.filter(EmailCaptcha.email == email).all()) != 0:EmailCaptcha.query.filter(EmailCaptcha.email == email).delete()db.session.commit()email_captcha = EmailCaptcha(email=email, captcha=captcha)db.session.add(email_captcha)db.session.commit()# RESTful API# {code: 200/400/500, message: "", data: {}}return jsonify({"code": 200, "message": "出现错误，请重试！", "data": None})
@member_page.route("/login", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():if request.method == 'GET':return render_template("/member/login.html")else:form = LoginForm(request.form)if form.validate():email = form.email.datapassword = form.password.datauser = User.query.filter_by(login_name=email).first()if not user:print("邮箱在数据库中不存在！")return render_template("/member/login.html")else:if check_password_hash(user.login_pwd, password):# cookie：# cookie中不适合存储太多的数据，只适合存储少量的数据# cookie一般用来存放登录授权的东西# flask中的session，是经过加密后存储在cookie中的session['user_id'] = user.idreturn render_template("/index.html")else:print("密码错误！")return render_template("/member/login.html")else:print(form.errors)return render_template("/member/login.html")
表单验证。
import wtforms
from wtforms.validators import Email, Length, EqualTo, InputRequired
from user import EmailCaptcha, User
from exts import db# Form：主要就是用来验证前端提交的数据是否符合要求
class RegisterForm(wtforms.Form):email = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Email(message="邮箱格式错误！")])captcha = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=6, max=6, message="验证码格式错误！")])username = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3, max=20, message="用户名格式错误！")])password = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=6, max=20, message="密码格式错误！")])password_confirm = wtforms.StringField(validators=[EqualTo("password", message="两次密码不一致！")])# 自定义验证：# 1. 邮箱是否已经被注册def validate_email(self, field):email = field.datauser = User.query.filter_by(login_name=email).first()if user:raise wtforms.ValidationError(message="该邮箱已经被注册！")# 2. 验证码是否正确def validate_captcha(self, field):captcha = field.dataemail = self.email.datacaptcha_model = EmailCaptcha.query.filter_by(email=email, captcha=captcha).first()if not captcha_model:raise wtforms.ValidationError(message="邮箱或验证码错误！")else:# todo：可以删掉captcha_modeldb.session.delete(captcha_model)db.session.commit()class LoginForm(wtforms.Form):email = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Email(message="邮箱格式错误！")])password = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=6, max=20, message="密码格式错误！")])
#
#
# class QuestionForm(wtforms.Form):
# title = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3, max=100, message="标题格式错误！")])
# content = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3,message="内容格式错误！")])
#
#
# class AnswerForm(wtforms.Form):
# content = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3, message="内容格式错误！")])
# question_id = wtforms.IntegerField(validators=[InputRequired(message="必须要传入问题id！")])
8 获取影视资源
apscheduler
测试apscheduler功能。
from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
import datetimedef aps_test():print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test,trigger="cron",second="*/5")
scheduler.start()
Flask-APScheduler
可以查看一下此时的app.py和manger.py。
from app import app, db, schedulerdef main():app.run(host="0.0.0.0", use_reloader=True) # 改为False可以只打印一遍def create_all():from user import Userwith app.app_context():db.create_all()def aps_test():import datetimeprint(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))if __name__ == '__main__':app.apscheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, trigger="cron", second="*/5", id="aps_test")scheduler.start()# create_all()try:import syssys.exit(main())except Exception as e:import tracebacktraceback.print_exc()from flask import Flask, session, g
from controller.index import index_page
from controller.member import member_page
from flask_apscheduler import APScheduler
import configs
from user import User
from exts import db, mail# 初始化实例
app = Flask(__name__)
# 加载配置文件
app.config.from_object(configs)
# 增加session会话保护(任意字符串,用来对session进行加密)
app.secret_key = "day3"# 调度
scheduler = APScheduler()
scheduler.init_app(app)# db绑定app
db.init_app(app)
mail.init_app(app)
# 注册蓝图
app.register_blueprint(index_page, url_prefix="/")
app.register_blueprint(member_page, url_prefix="/member")'''
模板函数
'''from libs import UrlManagerapp.add_template_global(UrlManager.buildUrl, 'buildUrl')
app.add_template_global(UrlManager.buildStaticUrl, 'buildStaticUrl')@app.before_request
def my_before_request():user_id = session.get("user_id")if user_id:user = User.query.get(user_id)setattr(g, "user", user)else:setattr(g, "user", None)@app.context_processor
def my_context_processor():return {"user": g.user}@app.errorhandler(404)
def error_404(e):return "404 not found"8.1 影视表设计
下载爬虫相关库。
pip install --upgrade beautifulsoup4
pip install requests
pip install xlwt
需要注意
使用Navicat进行数据库的导入。
flask-sqlacodegen ‘mysql+mysqldb://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/moviecat?charset=utf8’ --table movie --outfile “user1.py” --flask
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import re # 正则表达式，进行文字匹配
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # (网页解析，获取数据)
import urllib.request, urllib.error # 制定URL，获取网页数据，urllib.request urllib.error
import xlwt # 进行Excel操作
import sqlite3 # 进行sqlite数据库操作
def main():baseurl = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="datalist = getdata(baseurl)# savepath = "豆瓣电影top250.xls"dbpath = "movie.db"saveData2DB(datalist, dbpath)findlink = re.compile(r'<a href="(.*?)">') # 找链接
findImgSrc = re.compile(r'<img.*src="(.*?)"', re.S) # 图片
findTitle = re.compile(r'<span class="title">(.*)</span>') # 片名
findRating = re.compile(r'<span class="rating_num" property="v:average">(.*)</span>') # 评分
findJudge = re.compile(r'<span>(\d*)人评价</span>') # 评价人数
findInq = re.compile(r'<span class="inq">(.*)</span>') # 概况
findBd = re.compile(r'<p class="">(.*?)</p>', re.S) # 简介# 爬取网页
def getdata(baseurl):datalist = []for i in range(0, 10):url = baseurl + str(i * 25)html = askURL(url)# 逐一解析数据soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")for item in soup.find_all('div', class_="item"):# print(item) 测试：查看电影item所有信息data = [] # 保存信息item = str(item)link = re.findall(findlink, item)[0]# print(link)#影片链接data.append(link) # 添加影片链接imgSrc = re.findall(findImgSrc, item)[0]data.append(imgSrc) # 添加图片titles = re.findall(findTitle, item)if (len(titles) == 2):ctitle = titles[0] # 添加中国名data.append(ctitle)otitle = titles[1].replace("/", "") # 去掉无关符号data.append(otitle) # 添加外国名else:data.append(titles[0])data.append(' ') # 留空rating = re.findall(findRating, item)[0]data.append(rating) # 分数judgenum = re.findall(findJudge, item)[0]data.append(judgenum) # 评价人数inq = re.findall(findInq, item) # 概述if len(inq) != 0:inq = inq[0].replace("。", "") # 去掉句号data.append(inq)else:data.append(" ")bd = re.findall(findBd, item)[0]bd = re.sub('<br(\s+)?/>(\s+)?', " ", bd)bd = re.sub('/', " ", bd)data.append(bd.strip()) # 去掉空格datalist.append(data) # 将所有信息放入datalistreturn datalistdef askURL(url):head = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36 Edg/92.0.902.78"}request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=head) # 封装html = ""try:response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)html = response.read().decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')# print(html)except urllib.error.URLError as e:if hasattr(e, "code"):print(e, code)if hasattr(e, "reason"):print(e, reason)return html# 保存数据
def savedata(datalist, savepath):print("save....")book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8", style_compression=0) # 创建workbook对象sheet = book.add_sheet("豆瓣电影top250", cell_overwrite_ok=True) # 创建工作表col = ("电影链接", "图片链接", "中文名", "外国名", "评分", "评价人数", "概况", "相关信息")for i in range(0, 8):sheet.write(0, i, col[i])for i in range(0, 250):print("第%d条" % (i + 1))data = datalist[i]for j in range(0, 8):sheet.write(i + 1, j, data[j])book.save(savepath)def saveData2DB(datalist, dbpath):print("loading.................")init_db(dbpath)conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)cur = conn.cursor()for data in datalist:for index in range(len(data)):if index == 4 or index == 5:continuedata[index] = '"' + data[index] + '"'sql = '''insert into movie250_2(info_link,pic_link,cname,ename,score,rated,instroduction,info)values(%s)''' % ",".join(data)print(sql)cur.execute(sql)conn.commit()cur.close()conn.close()print("已完成数据库操作")def init_db(dbpath):sql = '''create table movie250_2(id integer primary key autoincrement,info_link text,pic_link text,cname varchar,ename varchar,score numeric,rated numeric,instroduction text,info,text)'''conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)cursor = conn.cursor()cursor.execute(sql)conn.commit()conn.close()if __name__ == "__main__":main()print("爬取完毕！")
8.2 前端展示
index.html
{% extends "common/base.html" %}
{% block head2 %}
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"><li class="dropdown"><a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"aria-expanded="false">用户<span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="#">{{ user.nickname }}</a></li><li><a href="{{ url_for('member_page.logout') }}">退出登录</a></li></ul></li>
</ul>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row">{% if data %}{% for item in data %}<div class="col-md-2"><div class="thumbnail"><img style="width: 100%;height: 250px" src="{{ item.pic_link | safe}}"><div class="caption"><a href="{{ item.info_link }}" style="overflow: hidden;text-overflow: ellipsis;display: -webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient: vertical;-webkit-line-clamp: 1">{{ item.cname | safe}}</a><p>豆瓣评分：{{ item.score | safe }}</p></div></div></div>{% endfor %}{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"><span class="pagination_page" style="line-height: 84px">共有{{ pages.total_pages }}页 | 每页{{ pages.page_size }}条</span><ul class="pagination pull-right">{% if pages.is_prev == 1 %}<li><a href="/?p={{ pages.current - 1 }}" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">上一页;</span></a></li>{% endif %}{% for idx in pages.range%}<li {% if pages.current == idx %}class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/?p={{ idx }}">{{ idx }}</a></li>{% endfor %}{% if pages.is_next == 1 %}<li><a href="/?p={{ pages.current + 1 }}" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">下一页</span></a></li>{% endif %}</ul></div>
</div>
{% endblock %}index.py
from flask import Blueprint, render_template, g, redirect, url_for, request
from user import Movie
import mathindex_page = Blueprint("index_page", __name__)@index_page.route("/")
def index():if g.user:req = request.valuespage = 1if 'p' in req and req['p']:page = int(req['p'])query = Movie.querypage_size = 30total_count = query.count()total_pages = math.ceil(total_count / page_size)total_pages = total_pages if total_pages > 0 else 1is_prev = 0 if page <= 1 else 1is_next = 0 if page >= total_pages else 1pages = {'page_size':page_size,'total_count':total_count,'total_pages':total_pages,'range':range(1,total_pages+1),'is_prev':is_prev,'is_next':is_next,'current':page}offset = (page - 1) * pages['page_size']limit = page * pages['page_size']list_movie = query[offset:limit]return render_template("/index.html", data=list_movie, pages=pages)else:return redirect(url_for("member_page.login"))@index_page.route("info")
def info():req = request.valuesreturn render_template("info.html")
9 部署
nginx+uwsgi+flask
使用如下命令进行启动。
uwsgi --http-socket :5000 --wsgi-file manger.py --callable app
还可以加进程和线程数提高并发能力
uwsgi --http-socket :5000 --wsgi-file manger.py --callable app --processes 4 --threads 2
写配置文件
[uwsgi]
chdir=/home/WF/ubuntuFlask/moviecat
http=0.0.0.0:5000
socket=/tmp/logs/movie.sock
module=manger
callable=app
master=true
processes=4
pidfile=/tmp/logs/movie.pid
daemonize=/tmp/logs/movie.log
启动
uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini
关闭
uwsgi --stop uwsgi.ini
重启
uwsgi --reload uwsgi.ini
下载ngnix
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42973884/article/details/126251718
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx
ngnix # 启动
service nginx stop # 停止
service nginx reload # 重启
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39759781/article/details/118303445
cd /etc/nginx
半夜三点了还没配好，我真的是服了，留个坑后面补。
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