Spring使用指南 ~ 4、ApplicationContext 配置详解
2024-05-12 00:13:40
ApplicationContext 配置详解
一、应用程序事件
package com.luo.spring.guides.event.xml;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;public class MessageEvent extends ApplicationEvent {private final String msg;public MessageEvent(Object source, String msg) {super(source);this.msg = msg;}public String getMessage() {return msg;}
}
1、xml 形式
package com.luo.spring.guides.event.xml;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;public class MessageEventListener implements ApplicationListener<MessageEvent> {@Overridepublic void onApplicationEvent(MessageEvent event) {MessageEvent msgEvt = event;System.out.println("Received: " + msgEvt.getMessage());}
}
package com.luo.spring.guides.event.xml;import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;public class Publisher implements ApplicationContextAware {private ApplicationContext ctx;public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)throws BeansException {this.ctx = applicationContext;}public void publish(String message) {ctx.publishEvent(new MessageEvent(this, message));}}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><bean id="publisher" class="com.luo.spring.guides.event.xml.Publisher"/><bean id="messageEventListener" class="com.luo.spring.guides.event.xml.MessageEventListener"/>
</beans>
测试
package com.luo.spring.guides.event.xml;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/*** @author : archer* @date : Created in 2022/12/9 11:29* @description :*/
public class Main {public static void main(String... args) {ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:event/app-context-xml.xml");Publisher pub = (Publisher) ctx.getBean("publisher");pub.publish("I send an SOS to the world... ");pub.publish("... I hope that someone gets my...");pub.publish("... Message in a bottle");}
}
输出
Received: I send an SOS to the world…
Received: … I hope that someone gets my…
Received: … Message in a bottle
2、注解形式
package com.luo.spring.guides.event.domain;import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class Publisher implements ApplicationContextAware {private ApplicationContext ctx;public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)throws BeansException {this.ctx = applicationContext;}public void publish(String message) {ctx.publishEvent(new MessageEvent(this, message));}
}
package com.luo.spring.guides.event.annotation;import com.luo.spring.guides.event.domain.MessageEvent;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/*** @author : archer* @date : Created in 2022/12/9 11:35* @description :*/
@Component
public class MessageEventListener {@EventListener(classes = {MessageEvent.class})public void messageEventListener(MessageEvent messageEvent){System.out.println("Received: " + messageEvent.getMessage());}
}测试
package com.luo.spring.guides.event.annotation;import com.luo.spring.guides.event.domain.Publisher;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/*** @author : archer* @date : Created in 2022/12/9 11:29* @description :*/
public class Main {public static void main(String... args) {ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("com.luo.spring.guides.event");Publisher pub = (Publisher) ctx.getBean("publisher");pub.publish("I send an SOS to the world... ");pub.publish("... I hope that someone gets my...");pub.publish("... Message in a bottle");}
}
输出
Received: I send an SOS to the world…
Received: … I hope that someone gets my…
Received: … Message in a bottle
二、访问资源
test.txt
Dreaming with a Broken Heart
测试
package com.luo.spring.guides.resource;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileUrlResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;import java.io.File;public class Main {public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();File file = File.createTempFile("test", "txt");file.deleteOnExit();Resource res1 = ctx.getResource("file://" + file.getPath());displayInfo(res1);Resource res2 = ctx.getResource("classpath:test.txt");displayInfo(res2);Resource res3 = ctx.getResource("http://www.google.com");displayInfo(res3);}private static void displayInfo(Resource res) throws Exception {System.out.println(res.getClass());if (!(res instanceof FileUrlResource)) {System.out.println(res.getURL().getContent());//FileUrlResource不能使用getURL().getContent()}System.out.println("");}
}输出
class org.springframework.core.io.FileUrlResource
class org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource
sun.net.www.content.text.PlainTextInputStream@12405818class org.springframework.core.io.UrlResource
sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection$HttpInputStream@400cff1a
三、profiles
- 通过 -Dspring.profiles.active=highschool 指定要使用的配置文件（highschool 是 profile 中的值）
package com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl;public class Food {private String name;public Food() {}public Food(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}
}
package com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl;import java.util.List;public interface FoodProviderService {List<Food> provideLunchSet();
}
package com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.kindergarten;import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.Food;
import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.FoodProviderService;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class KindergartenFoodProviderServiceImpl implements FoodProviderService {@Overridepublic List<Food> provideLunchSet() {List<Food> lunchSet = new ArrayList<>();lunchSet.add(new Food("Milk"));lunchSet.add(new Food("Biscuits"));return lunchSet;}
}
package com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.highschool;import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.Food;
import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.FoodProviderService;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class HighSchoolFoodProviderServiceImpl implements FoodProviderService {@Overridepublic List<Food> provideLunchSet() {List<Food> lunchSet = new ArrayList<>();lunchSet.add(new Food("Coke"));lunchSet.add(new Food("Hamburger"));lunchSet.add(new Food("French Fries"));return lunchSet;}
}
1、xml 形式
highschool-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"profile="highschool"><bean id="foodProviderService"class="com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.highschool.HighSchoolFoodProviderServiceImpl"/>
</beans>
kindergarten-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"profile="kindergarten"><bean id="foodProviderService" class="com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.kindergarten.KindergartenFoodProviderServiceImpl"/>
</beans>测试
- 启动类指定 -Dspring.profiles.active=highschool
package com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.xml;import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.Food;
import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.FoodProviderService;
import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;import java.util.List;//通过 -Dspring.profiles.active=highschool 指定要使用的配置文件
public class Main {public static void main(String... args) {GenericXmlApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();ctx.load("classpath:profiles/*-config.xml");ctx.refresh();FoodProviderService foodProviderService =ctx.getBean("foodProviderService", FoodProviderService.class);List<Food> lunchSet = foodProviderService.provideLunchSet();for (Food food: lunchSet) {System.out.println("Food: " + food.getName());}ctx.close();}
}
输出
Food: Coke
Food: Hamburger
Food: French Fries
2、注解形式
package com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.annotation;import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.FoodProviderService;
import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.highschool.HighSchoolFoodProviderServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;/*** Created by iuliana.cosmina on 3/18/17.*/
@Configuration
@Profile("highschool")
public class HighschoolConfig {@Beanpublic FoodProviderService foodProviderService(){return new HighSchoolFoodProviderServiceImpl();}
}
package com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.annotation;import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.FoodProviderService;
import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.kindergarten.KindergartenFoodProviderServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;/*** Created by iuliana.cosmina on 3/18/17.*/
@Configuration
@Profile("kindergarten")
public class KindergartenConfig {@Beanpublic FoodProviderService foodProviderService(){return new KindergartenFoodProviderServiceImpl();}
}
测试
- 启动类指定 -Dspring.profiles.active=highschool
package com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.annotation;import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.Food;
import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.impl.FoodProviderService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext;import java.util.List;/*** Created by iuliana.cosmina on 3/18/17.*/
public class Main {public static void main(String... args) {GenericApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(KindergartenConfig.class,HighschoolConfig.class);FoodProviderService foodProviderService =ctx.getBean("foodProviderService", FoodProviderService.class);List<Food> lunchSet = foodProviderService.provideLunchSet();for (Food food : lunchSet) {System.out.println("Food: " + food.getName());}ctx.close();}
}
输出
Food: Coke
Food: Hamburger
Food: French Fries
四、Environment
1、PropertySource
对于 PropertySource，Spring 将按照以下默认顺序访问属性：
- a、运行 JVM 的系统属性
- b、环境变量
- c、应用程序定义的属性
注意：用户可以通过 Environment 对 PropertySource 的访问属性的顺序进行调整。
1）、默认访问顺序
package com.luo.spring.guides.environment;import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
import org.springframework.core.env.MapPropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.env.MutablePropertySources;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class EnvironmentSampleLast {public static void main(String... args) {GenericXmlApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();ctx.refresh();ConfigurableEnvironment env = ctx.getEnvironment();MutablePropertySources propertySources = env.getPropertySources();Map<String,Object> appMap = new HashMap<>();appMap.put("application.home", "application_home");appMap.put("user.home", "application_home");propertySources.addLast(new MapPropertySource("prospring5_MAP", appMap));System.out.println("user.home: " + System.getProperty("user.home"));System.out.println("JAVA_HOME: " + System.getenv("JAVA_HOME"));System.out.println("user.home: " + env.getProperty("user.home"));System.out.println("JAVA_HOME: " + env.getProperty("JAVA_HOME"));System.out.println("application.home: " + env.getProperty("application.home"));ctx.close();}
}
输出
user.home: C:\Users\Administrator
JAVA_HOME: D:\developer\Java\jdk1.8.0_231
user.home: C:\Users\Administrator
JAVA_HOME: D:\developer\Java\jdk1.8.0_231
application.home: application_home
2）、自定义访问循序
package com.luo.spring.guides.environment;import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
import org.springframework.core.env.MapPropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.env.MutablePropertySources;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class EnvironmentSampleFirst {public static void main(String... args) {GenericXmlApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();ctx.refresh();ConfigurableEnvironment env = ctx.getEnvironment();MutablePropertySources propertySources = env.getPropertySources();Map<String,Object> appMap = new HashMap<>();appMap.put("user.home", "application_home");//该表检索优先级propertySources.addFirst(new MapPropertySource("prospring5_MAP", appMap));System.out.println("user.home: " + System.getProperty("user.home"));System.out.println("JAVA_HOME: " + System.getenv("JAVA_HOME"));System.out.println("user.home: " + env.getProperty("user.home"));System.out.println("JAVA_HOME: " + env.getProperty("JAVA_HOME"));System.out.println("user.home: " + env.getProperty("user.home"));ctx.close();}
}
输出
user.home: C:\Users\Administrator
JAVA_HOME: D:\developer\Java\jdk1.8.0_231
user.home: application_home
JAVA_HOME: D:\developer\Java\jdk1.8.0_231
user.home: application_home
五、国际化
- 非 web 类的独立应用程序，应该使用依赖注入的方式来获取到 MessageSource 对象，再操作它来获取对应配置信息
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/utilhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"><bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"p:basenames-ref="basenames"/><util:list id="basenames"><value>buttons</value><value>labels</value></util:list>
</beans>
classpath:labels_de_DE.properties
msg=Mein dummer Mund hat mich in Schwierigkeiten gebracht
nameMsg=Mein Name ist {0} {1}
classpath:labels_en_EN.properties
msg=My stupid mouth has got me in trouble
nameMsg=My name is {0} {1}
classpath:buttons_de_DE.properties
buttonName=de
classpath:buttons_en_EN.properties
buttonName=en
测试
package com.luo.spring.guides.messagesource;import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;import java.util.Locale;public class Main {public static void main(String... args) {GenericXmlApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();ctx.load("classpath:i18n/app-context-xml.xml");ctx.refresh();// Locale english = Locale.ENGLISH;Locale english = new Locale("en", "EN");Locale german = new Locale("de", "DE");System.out.println(ctx.getMessage("msg", null, english));System.out.println(ctx.getMessage("msg", null, german));System.out.println(ctx.getMessage("nameMsg", new Object[] { "John","Mayer" }, english));System.out.println(ctx.getMessage("nameMsg", new Object[] { "John","Mayer" }, german));System.out.println(ctx.getMessage("buttonName", null, english));System.out.println(ctx.getMessage("buttonName", null, german));ctx.close();}
}
输出
My stupid mouth has got me in trouble
Mein dummer Mund hat mich in Schwierigkeiten gebracht
My name is John Mayer
Mein Name ist John Mayer
en
de
六、使用 JSR-330 注解进行配置
Spring 的注解相比 JSR-330 注解更加丰富和灵活，以下是两者之间的主要差异（不建议混合使用）：
- 当使用 Spring 的 @Autowired 注解时，可以指定 required 属性来表明必须完成 DI（也可以使用 @Required 注解），而对于 JSR-330 的 @Inject 注解，则没有与之等价的属性。Spring 还提供了 @Qualifier 注解来更精细的控制基于限定符名称的依赖项的自动装配。
- JSR-330 仅支持单例和非单例 bean 的作用域，Spring 支持更多。
- Spring 可以使用 @Lazy 注解来指示 Spring 仅在程序请求时再实例化 bean。JSR-330 没有与之等价的注解。
package com.luo.spring.guides.jsr330;import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.inject.Named;@Named("messageProvider")
public class MessageProvider {private String message = "Default message";@Inject@Named("message")public MessageProvider(String message) {this.message = message;}public String getMessage() {return message;}
}
package com.luo.spring.guides.jsr330;import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.inject.Named;
import javax.inject.Singleton;@Named("messageRenderer")
@Singleton
public class MessageRenderer {@Inject@Named("messageProvider")private MessageProvider messageProvider = null;public void render() {if (messageProvider == null) {throw new RuntimeException("You must set the property messageProvider of class:"+ MessageRenderer.class.getName());}System.out.println(messageProvider.getMessage());}public MessageProvider getMessageProvider() {return this.messageProvider;}
}
package com.luo.spring.guides.jsr330;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** @author : archer* @date : Created in 2022/12/9 18:22* @description :*/
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.luo.spring.guides.jsr330"})
@Configuration
public class Jsr330Config {@BeanString message(){return "Gravity is working against me";}
}
测试
package com.luo.spring.guides.jsr330;import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.annotation.HighschoolConfig;
import com.luo.spring.guides.profiles.annotation.KindergartenConfig;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext;public class Main {public static void main(String... args) {GenericApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Jsr330Config.class);MessageRenderer renderer = ctx.getBean("messageRenderer", MessageRenderer.class);renderer.render();ctx.close();}
}
输出
Gravity is working against me
七、结合 Groovy
- 需要添加 groovy-all 依赖
maven 依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.codehaus.groovy/groovy-all -->
<dependency><groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId><artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId><version>2.4.5</version>
</dependency>
package com.luo.spring.guides.groovy;/*** Created by iuliana.cosmina on 2/25/17.*/
public class Singer {private String name;private int age;public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}public String toString() {return "\tName: " + name + "\n\t" + "Age: " + age;}
}
package com.luo.spring.guides.groovyimport com.luo.spring.guides.groovy.Singerbeans {singer(Singer, name: 'John Mayer', age: 39)
}
测试
package com.luo.spring.guides.groovy;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.GenericGroovyApplicationContext;public class Main {public static void main(String... args) {ApplicationContext context = new GenericGroovyApplicationContext("classpath:groovy/beans.groovy");Singer singer = context.getBean("singer", Singer.class);System.out.println(singer);}
}
输出
Name: John Mayer
Age: 39
八、property-placeholder
package com.luo.spring.guides.propertyplaceholder;public class AppProperty {private String applicationHome;private String userHome;public String getApplicationHome() {return applicationHome;}public void setApplicationHome(String applicationHome) {this.applicationHome = applicationHome;}public String getUserHome() {return userHome;}public void setUserHome(String userHome) {this.userHome = userHome;}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"><context:property-placeholder local-override="true"location="classpath:propertyplaceholder/application.properties"/><bean id="appProperty" class="com.luo.spring.guides.propertyplaceholder.AppProperty"p:applicationHome="${application.home}"p:userHome="${user.home}"/>
</beans>
application.home=application_home
user.home=/home/jules-new
测试
package com.luo.spring.guides.propertyplaceholder;import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;public class Main {public static void main(String... args) {GenericXmlApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();ctx.load("classpath:propertyplaceholder/app-context-xml.xml");ctx.refresh();AppProperty appProperty = ctx.getBean("appProperty", AppProperty.class);System.out.println("application.home: " + appProperty.getApplicationHome());System.out.println("user.home: " + appProperty.getUserHome());ctx.close();}
}
输出
application.home: application_home
user.home: /home/jules-new
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