1.密码策略

在mysql 5.6对密码的强度进行了加强，推出了validate_password 插件。支持密码的强度要求。

(1)安装插件

[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/validate_password.so

-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 204359 Sep 14 01:27 /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/validate_password.so

mysql> install plugin validate_password soname 'validate_password.so';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> show plugins;

+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------+

| Name | Status | Type | Library | License |

+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------+

| binlog | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |

| mysql_native_password | ACTIVE | AUTHENTICATION | NULL | GPL |

| sha256_password | ACTIVE | AUTHENTICATION | NULL | GPL |

.....................省略

| validate_password | ACTIVE | VALIDATE PASSWORD | validate_password.so | GPL |

+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------+

45 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(2)添加配置

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

datadir=/data1/mysql/data

plugin-load=validate_password.so

validate_password_policy=2

validate-password=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT

(3)检测配置

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';

+--------------------------------------+--------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------------------+--------+

| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |

| validate_password_dictionary_file | |

| validate_password_length | 8 |

| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |

| validate_password_number_count | 1 |

| validate_password_policy | STRONG |

| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |

+--------------------------------------+--------+

7 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> set password=password('abc');

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

mysql> set password=password('mysql2017');

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

mysql> set password=password('mysql@)!&');

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

mysql> set password=password('MY@)!&sql2017');

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

2.策略详解

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';

+--------------------------------------+--------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------------------+--------+

| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |

| validate_password_dictionary_file | |

| validate_password_length | 8 |

| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |

| validate_password_number_count | 1 |

| validate_password_policy | STRONG |

| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |

+--------------------------------------+--------+

说明：

validate-password=ON/OFF/FORCE/FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT: 决定是否使用该插件(及强制/永久强制使用)。

validate_password_dictionary_file：插件用于验证密码强度的字典文件路径。

validate_password_length：密码最小长度。

validate_password_mixed_case_count：密码至少要包含的小写字母个数和大写字母个数。

validate_password_number_count：密码至少要包含的数字个数。

validate_password_policy：密码强度检查等级，0/LOW、1/MEDIUM、2/STRONG。

validate_password_special_char_count：密码至少要包含的特殊字符数。

关于validate_password_policy-密码强度检查等级：

Policy Tests Performed

0 or LOW Length

1 or MEDIUMLength; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters

2 or STRONGLength; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

3.用户资源限制

(1)max_user_connections

该参数作用是设置所有用户在同一时间连接MySQL实例的最大连接数限制。但这个参数无法对每个用户区别对待。

mysql> show global variables like '%max_user_connect%';

+----------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-------+

| max_user_connections | 0 |

+----------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global max_user_connections=2;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global variables like '%max_user_connect%';

+----------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-------+

| max_user_connections | 2 |

+----------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(2)max_queries_per_hour

该参数设置一个用户在一小时内可以执行查询的次数(基本包含所有语句)。

(3)max_updates_per_hour

该参数设置一个用户在一小时内可以执行修改的次数(仅包含修改数据库或表的语句)。

(4)max_connections_per_hour

该参数设置一个用户在一小时内可以连接MySQL的时间。

从5.0.3版本开始，对用户‘test’@'%.test.com'的资源限制是指所有通过test.com域名主机连接test用户的连接，而不是分别指host1.test.com和host2.test.com主机过来的连接。

(5)设置用户资源限制

mysql> create user 'test1'@'localhost' identified by 'MYsql20!&'

-> with max_queries_per_hour 20

-> max_updates_per_hour 10

-> max_user_connections 2;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter user 'test1'@'localhost' with max_queries_per_hour 100;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

取消某项资源限制既把原先的值改成0.

当某个用户的max_user_connections非0时，则忽略全局系统参数对应的配置，反之则使用全局参数。

4.密码过期策略

mysql> show global variables like '%password%';

+---------------------------------------+--------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------------------------------+--------+

| default_password_lifetime | 0 |

| disconnect_on_expired_password | ON |

| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF |

| mysql_native_password_proxy_users | OFF |

| old_passwords | 0 |

| report_password | |

| sha256_password_proxy_users | OFF |

| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |

| validate_password_dictionary_file | |

| validate_password_length | 8 |

| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |

| validate_password_number_count | 1 |

| validate_password_policy | STRONG |

| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |

+---------------------------------------+--------+

14 rows in set (0.01 sec)

说明：

1)default_password_lifetime

设置所有用户密码过期时间，0为永不过期；

若为单独用户设置了密码过期策略，则会覆盖该参数；

alter user 'test3'@'localhost' password expire interval 90 day;

alter user 'test3'@'localhost' password expire never; (永不过期)

alter user 'test3'@'localhost' password expire default; (默认过期策略)

2)手动强制过期

alter user 'test3'@'localhost' password expire;

5.用户lock机制

通过执行create user/alter user命令中带account lock/unlock子句设置用户的lock状态；

默认创建用户是unlock状态；

mysql> create user abc2@localhost identified by 'MY20sql!&' account lock;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit

Bye

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uabc2 -p

Enter password:

ERROR 3118 (HY000): Access denied for user 'abc2'@'localhost'. Account is locked.

mysql> alter user 'abc2'@'localhost' account unlock;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit

Bye

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uabc2 -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 7

6.密码生成技巧