一、浏览器对象

# 导入webdriverfrom selenium import webdriver# 创建一个浏览器对象driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 设置全屏# driver.maximize_window()# 获取当前浏览器尺寸# size = driver.get_window_size()# print(size)# 设置浏览器尺寸driver.set_window_size(400, 400)size = driver.get_window_size()print(size)# print(dir(driver))# 获取浏览器位置position = driver.get_window_position()print(position)# 设置浏览器位置driver.set_window_position(100,200)# 关闭浏览器driver.quit()driver.close()

二、页面操作

# 导包from selenium import webdriverimport time# 创建浏览器对象driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问百度url1 = 'http://www.baidu.com'driver.get(url1)print('访问:',url1)# 访问百度url2 = 'https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/'time.sleep(2)driver.get(url2)print('访问:',url2)# 后退操作time.sleep(2)driver.back()print('后退到',url1)# 前进time.sleep(2)driver.forward()print('前进到',url2)

三、获取断言信息

(一)获取当前页面URL

# 导包from selenium import webdriverimport time# 创建浏览器对象driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问百度url1 = 'http://www.baidu.com'driver.get(url1)print('访问:',driver.current_url)# 访问百度url2 = 'https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/'time.sleep(2)driver.get(url2)print('访问:',driver.current_url)# 后退操作time.sleep(2)

driver.back()

print('后退到',driver.current_url)# 前进
time.sleep(2)
driver.forward()print('前进到',driver.current_url)(二)获取浏览器标题、保存当前页面快照

from selenium import webdriver# 创建浏览器对象driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问新浪url = 'http://www.baidu.com'driver.get(url)# 显示当前的urlprint(driver.current_url)# 显示当前的页面标题print(driver.title)# 保存快照操作# 自动写文件# driver.get_screenshot_as_file('baidu.jpg')# 自己写文件data = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()with open('baidu2.jpg','wb') as f:    f.write(data)driver.close()

(三)获取当前页面源码——不常用

from selenium import webdriverdriver = webdriver.PhantomJS()url = 'http://www.baidu.com'driver.get(url)data = driver.page_source

print(type(data))

# 以二进制类型写入文件with open('baidu.html','wb') as f:
f.write(data.encode())# str类型数据(data)转换成bytes类型(二进制类型)
# b_data = data.encode()
# data = b_data.decode()driver.get_screenshot_as_file('baidu3.jpg')

四、元素定位

(一)两种定位形式 

①driver.find_element_by_id(' ')  推荐使用

from selenium import webdriverimport time# 创建爱你一个浏览器对象driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问百度url = 'http://www.baidu.com'driver.get(url)time.sleep(3)

# 定位到搜索框元素

el = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')

# 向输入框中输入数据
el.send_keys('传智播客')

# 定位搜索按钮

el_click = driver.find_element_by_id('su')

el_click.click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

②from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver.find_element(By.XXX,'value')

不推荐使用

from selenium import webdriver# 导入Byfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byimport timedriver = webdriver.Firefox()url = 'http://www.baidu.com'driver.get(url)# By调用的定位方式全部为大写el = driver.find_element(By.ID,'kw')

# 输入搜索关键字(向可输入元素输入文本内容)

el.send_keys('itcast')

# 定位到搜索按钮

el_sub = driver.find_element(By.ID,'su')# 点击元素el_sub.click()

# 点击元素el_sub.click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.close()

(二)八种定位方式

①去哪网-验证id定位

# 导入webdrvierfrom selenium import webdriverimport time# 创建一个浏览器driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问去哪网url = 'https://www.qunar.com/'driver.get(url)# 定位到攻略按钮

el = driver.find_element_by_id

('__link_travel__')

# 点击操作，前提是定位到元素
el.click()# 定位到公寓按钮
time.sleep(5)

el_1 = driver.find_element_by_id

('__link_gongyu__')

# 点击操作
el_1.click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

②人人网登陆-验证name定位

# 导入webdriverfrom selenium import webdriverimport  time# 创建一个浏览器driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问人人网url = 'http://www.renren.com/'driver.get(url)# 通过name定位到账号输入

el_user = driver.find_element_by_name

('email')

# 输入账号
el_user.send_keys('17173805860')# 通过name定位到密码输入

el_pwd = driver.find_element_by_name

('password')

# 输入密码
el_pwd.send_keys('1qaz@WSX3edc')# 通过id定位到登陆按钮
el_sub = driver.find_element_by_id('login')# 点击登陆
el_sub.click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

③斗鱼翻页-验证class_name定位

# 导入webdriverfrom selenium import webdriverimport time# 开浏览器driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问斗鱼url= 'https://www.douyu.com/directory/all'driver.get(url)for i in range(10):# 通过class属性对应的值定位到下一页

el_next = driver.find_element_by_class_

name('shark-pager-next')# 点击翻页
el_next.click()
time.sleep(3)
time.sleep(10)
driver.close()

④bing搜索-验证tag_name定位

# 导包from selenium import webdriverimport time# 开浏览器driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问bing搜索url = 'https://cn.bing.com/'driver.get(url)# 通过标签名进行定位，该元素要么唯一，要么是第一个

el = driver.find_element_by_tag_name

('input')

el.send_keys('selenium')# 通过id定位到搜索按钮

el_sub = driver.find_element_by_id

('sb_form_go')

# 点击搜索
el_sub.click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

⑤58同城-验证link_text定位

# 导包from selenium import webdriverimport time# 开一个浏览器driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问北京58url = 'http://bj.58.com/'driver.get(url)# 通过连接文本(可以跳转的问题)进行定位

el = driver.find_element_by_link_text

('房屋出租')

el.click()
time.sleep(5)# driver.quit()driver.close()

⑥hao123-验证partial_link_test定位

from selenium import webdriverimport time# 开一个浏览器driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问百度url='https://www.baidu.com/'driver.get(url)# 通过部分连接文本进行元素定位

# el = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_

text('hao')

el = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_

text('123')

# 点击
el.click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

⑦豆瓣电影-验证xpath定位

from selenium import webdriverimport time# 打开一个浏览器driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问豆瓣电影url = 'https://movie.douban.com/'driver.get(url)

el = driver.find_element_by_xpath

(".//*[@id='screening']/div[1]/h2/

span[1]/a")

el.click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

⑧天猫国际-验证css_selector定位

# 导包from selenium import webdriverimport time# 开浏览器driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问天猫url = 'https://www.tmall.com/'driver.get(url)# 定位天猫国际# 1.通过firebug获取css选择器

# el = driver.find_element_by_css_selector

('html.ks-gecko35.ks-gecko.ks-firefox35.

ks-firefox body.w1230 div#mallPage.mui-

global-biz-mallfp div#content div.main-nav

div.inner-con0 div.inner-con1 div.inner-

con2.clearfix a img')

# 2.firepath获取css选择器

# el = driver.find_element_by_css_selector

('.inner-con2.clearfix>a>img')

# 3.自带

el = driver.find_element_by_css_selector

('.inner-con2 > a:nth-child(2) > img:

nth-child(1)')

el.click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()

(三)定位一组

百度搜索-获取一组1

# 导包from selenium import webdriverimport time# 开浏览器driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问百度url = 'http://www.baidu.com'driver.get(url)# 定位输入框el = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')# 输入关键字el.send_keys('selenium')# 定位搜索按钮el_sub = driver.find_element_by_id('su')el_sub.click()

el_list = driver.find_elements_by_css_

selector('div[id="content_left"]>div>h3>a')

print(el_list)
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

58租房-获取一组

from selenium import webdriverimport time# 开浏览器driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问租房结果url = 'http://bj.58.com/chuzu/?PGTID=0d100000-0000-1efb-e60d-a376bad42316&ClickID=1'driver.get(url)# 定位一组搜索结果

el_list = driver.find_elements_by_css_

selector(".listUl > li > div:nth-child(2) > h2:

nth-child(1) > a:nth-child(1)")

print (el_list)
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

五、元素操作

百度界面

from selenium import webdriver

import time# 创建一个浏览器
driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问百度
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'driver.get(url)# 定位到输入框
el = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')# 输入seleniumel.send_keys('selenium')# 清空操作el.clear()# 输入pythonel.send_keys('python')# 定位到搜索按钮
el_sub = driver.find_element_by_id('su')

# 调用提交,submit的作用等同于click,但是click的

使用面要更广一些

el_sub.submit()
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

58同城

from selenium import webdriver

import time# 开浏览器
driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 访问租房结果

url = 'http://bj.58.com/chuzu/?PGTID=

0d100000-0000-1efb-e60d-a376bad42316&

ClickID=1'

driver.get(url)# 定位一组搜索结果

el_list = driver.find_elements_by_css_

selector(".listUl > li > div:nth-child(2)

> h2:nth-child(1) > a:nth-child(1)")

print (el_list)for el in el_list:

print('标题:',el.text,'链接:',

el.get_attribute('href'))

time.sleep(5)
driver.close()