cobbler 部署
2024-06-11 09:34:53
cobbler简介
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。
Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。
Cobbler官网
cobbler集成的服务
- PXE服务支持
- DHCP服务管理
- DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
- 电源管理
- Kickstart服务支持
- YUM仓库管理
- TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
- Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler
| 配置文件 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| /etc/cobbler/settings | cobbler 主配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/iso/ | iso模板配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/pxe | pxe模板配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/power | 电源配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/user.conf | web服务授权配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/users.digest | web访问的用户名密码配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template | dhcp服务器的的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template | dns服务器的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template | tftp服务的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/modules.conf | 模块的配置文件 |
cobbler数据目录
| 目录 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| /var/lib/cobbler/config/ | 用于存放distros，system，profiles等信息配置文件 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/ | 用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/ | 默认存放kickstart文件 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ | 存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录 |
| /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ | 导入的发行版系统的所有数据 |
| /var/www/cobbler/images/ | 导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动 |
| /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ | yum仓库存储目录 |
cobbler日志文件
| 日志文件路径 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| /var/log/cobbler/installing | 客户端安装日志 |
| /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log | cobbler日志 |
cobbler命令详解
cobbler check //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile //查看配置信息部署：
//开启cobbler仓库（这里需要先配置yum库和epel源）
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y module enable cobbler
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Extra Packages for Enterprise L 343 kB/s | 955 kB 00:02
Extra Packages for Enterprise L 77 kB/s | 10 MB 02:18
上次元数据过期检查：0:00:01 前，执行于 2021年10月13日 星期三 14时59分07秒。
依赖关系解决。
================================================================软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
================================================================
启用模块流:cobbler 3 事务概要
================================================================完毕！//安装cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install cobbler cobbler-web
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
上次元数据过期检查：0:04:24 前，执行于 2021年10月13日 星期三 14时59分07秒。
依赖关系解决。
================================================================软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
================================================================
安装:cobbler noarch 3.2.2-3.module_el8+13166+f291d70cepel-modular 605 kcobbler-web noarch 3.2.2-3.module_el8+13166+f291d70cepel-modular 175 k
......python3-urllib3-1.24.2-5.el8.noarch python36-3.6.8-2.module_el8.4.0+790+083e3d81.x86_64 rsync-3.1.3-12.el8.x86_64 sscg-2.3.3-14.el8.x86_64 tftp-server-5.2-24.el8.x86_64 xorriso-1.4.8-4.el8.x86_64 完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# //安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install pykickstart
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
上次元数据过期检查：0:01:42 前，执行于 2021年10月13日 星期三 15时07分10秒。
依赖关系解决。
================================================================软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
================================================================
安装:pykickstart noarch 3.16.11-1.el8 AppStream 64 k
安装依赖关系:python3-kickstart noarch 3.16.11-1.el8 AppStream 441 kpython3-ordered-set noarch 2.0.2-4.el8 AppStream 17 k事务概要
================================================================
安装 3 软件包总下载：521 k
安装大小：2.0 M
下载软件包：
(1/3): python3-ordered-set-2.0. 145 kB/s | 17 kB 00:00
(2/3): python3-kickstart-3.16.1 764 kB/s | 441 kB 00:00
(3/3): pykickstart-3.16.11-1.el 104 kB/s | 64 kB 00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------
总计 848 kB/s | 521 kB 00:00
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务准备中 : 1/1 安装 : python3-ordered-set-2.0.2-4.el8.noarch 1/3 安装 : python3-kickstart-3.16.11-1.el8.noarch 2/3 安装 : pykickstart-3.16.11-1.el8.noarch 3/3 运行脚本: pykickstart-3.16.11-1.el8.noarch 3/3 验证 : pykickstart-3.16.11-1.el8.noarch 1/3 验证 : python3-kickstart-3.16.11-1.el8.noarch 2/3 验证 : python3-ordered-set-2.0.2-4.el8.noarch 3/3
Installed products updated.已安装:pykickstart-3.16.11-1.el8.noarch python3-kickstart-3.16.11-1.el8.noarch python3-ordered-set-2.0.2-4.el8.noarch 完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# //设置http和cobbler开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.//出现80和25151端口就表示成功
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:443 *:*
[root@localhost ~]# //生成密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1
Password:
Verifying - Password:
$1$Tg103bPw$j39OEUYQuZOEO9WKXoT8b1 //复制
[root@localhost ~]# //修改配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@localhost cobbler]# ls
auth.conf logging_config.conf secondary.template
boot_loader_conf modules.conf settings.d
cheetah_macros mongodb.conf settings.yaml
dhcp.template named.template users.conf
dnsmasq.template ndjbdns.template users.digest
genders.template reporting version
import_rsync_whitelist rsync.exclude zone.template
iso rsync.template zone_templates
[root@localhost cobbler]# vim settings.yaml
default_password_crypted: "$1$Tg103bPw$j39OEUYQuZOEO9WKXoT8b1" //将刚刚生成的复制到这里
server: 192.168.75.142 //将此两行的ip该为本机ip
next_server: 192.168.75.142
manage_dhcp: true //将此处改为1或true//修改dhcp配置文件
[root@localhost cobbler]# vim dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.75.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { //改成自己网段option routers 192.168.75.142; //改成自己ipoption domain-name-servers 192.168.75.2; //设置dns地址option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; range dynamic-bootp 192.168.75.200 192.168.200.254; //设置获取ip地址的范围default-lease-time 21600;max-lease-time 43200;next-server $next_server;class "pxeclients" {match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";//重启服务并查看状态
[root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
[root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl status cobblerd
● cobblerd.service - Cobbler Helper DaemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service; en>Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-10-13 15:28:59 CST; > //running状态就表示成功Process: 80332 ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/touch /usr/share/cobble>Main PID: 80331 (cobblerd)Tasks: 1 (limit: 23789)Memory: 30.0MCGroup: /system.slice/cobblerd.service└─80331 /usr/bin/python3.6 -s /usr/bin/cobblerd -F10月 13 15:28:59 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Cob>
10月 13 15:28:59 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Cobb>测试并排错
//检差错误
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:1: dhcpd is not installed
2: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
3: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
5: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
6: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use themRestart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
[root@localhost cobbler]# //解决第一个错误
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y dhcp*
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
上次元数据过期检查：0:35:17 前，执行于 2021年10月13日 星期三 15时07分10秒。
软件包 dhcp-client-12:4.3.6-40.el8.x86_64 已安装。
软件包 dhcp-common-12:4.3.6-40.el8.noarch 已安装。
软件包 dhcp-libs-12:4.3.6-40.el8.x86_64 已安装。
软件包 dhcpd-pools-3.1-1.el8.x86_64 已安装。
依赖关系解决。
================================================================软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
================================================================
......//解决第三个和第四个
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install yum-utils
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
上次元数据过期检查：0:37:10 前，执行于 2021年10月13日 星期三 15时07分10秒。
依赖关系解决。
================================================================软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
================================================================
......//解决第六个问题
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install fence-agents
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
上次元数据过期检查：0:40:03 前，执行于 2021年10月13日 星期三 15时07分10秒。
依赖关系解决。
================================================================软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
================================================================
安装:fence-agents-all x86_64 4.2.1-65.el8_4.1 AppStream 21 k
升级:gnutls x86_64 3.6.14-8.el8_3 base 1.0 Mkpartx x86_64 0.8.4-10.el8 base 111 k//解决第二个问题
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2021-10-13_155154_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Wed Oct 13 15:51:54 2021)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/get_loaders/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/get_loaders/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost cobbler]# //重启服务并同步
[root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler sync
task started: 2021-10-13_155416_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Oct 13 15:54:16 2021)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
dhcpd -t failed
Exception occurred: <class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>
Exception value: 'Cobbler trigger failed: cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services'
Exception Info:File "/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 98, in runrc = self._run(self)File "/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 224, in runnerself.remote.api.sync(self.options.get("verbose", False), logger=self.logger)File "/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 1317, in syncsync.run()File "/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/cobbler/actions/sync.py", line 139, in runutils.run_triggers(self.api, None, "/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*", logger=self.logger)File "/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/cobbler/utils.py", line 922, in run_triggersraise CX("Cobbler trigger failed: %s" % m.__name__)!!! TASK FAILED !!!
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