格子颜色表

这里需要注意，当划分的颜色数量比较少时，最好把一个颜色像素扩展成为一个格子，不然的话整个图看起来就太小了。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as npdef generate_color_chart(block_num=18,block_columns=6,grid_width=32,grid_height=None):"""Generate color chart by uniformly distributed color indexes, only support8 bit (uint8).Parameters----------block_num: Block number of color chart, also the number of color indexes.block_columns: Column number of color chart. Row number is computed byblock_num / block_columnsgrid_width: Width of color gridgrid_height: Height of color grid. If not set, it will equal to grid_width."""color_index = np.linspace(0, 255, block_num)color_index = np.uint8(np.round(color_index))if grid_height is None:grid_height = grid_width# compute sizesblock_rows = np.int_(np.ceil(block_num / block_columns))block_width = grid_width * block_numblock_height = grid_height * block_numwidth = block_width * block_columnsheight = block_height * block_rowsresult = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype=np.uint8)# compute red-green block, (blue will be combined afterward)red_block, green_block = np.meshgrid(color_index, color_index)red_block = expand_pixel_to_grid(red_block, grid_width, grid_height)green_block = expand_pixel_to_grid(green_block, grid_width, grid_height)rg_block = np.concatenate([red_block, green_block], axis=2)# combine blue channelfor i in range(block_num):blue = np.ones_like(rg_block[..., 0], dtype=np.uint8) * color_index[i]color_block = np.concatenate([rg_block, blue[..., np.newaxis]], axis=2)# compute block indexblock_row = i // block_columnsblock_column = i % block_columnsxmin = block_column * block_widthymin = block_row * block_heightxmax = xmin + block_widthymax = ymin + block_heightresult[ymin:ymax, xmin:xmax, :] = color_blockresult = result[..., ::-1]  # convert from rgb to bgrreturn resultdef expand_pixel_to_grid(matrix, grid_width, grid_height):"""Expand a pixel to a grid. Inside the grid, every pixel have the same valueas the source pixel.Parameters----------matrix: 2D numpy arraygrid_width: width of gridgrid_height: height of grid"""height, width = matrix.shape[:2]new_heigt = height * grid_heightnew_width = width * grid_widthrepeat_num = grid_width * grid_heightmatrix = np.expand_dims(matrix, axis=2).repeat(repeat_num, axis=2)matrix = np.reshape(matrix, (height, width, grid_height, grid_width))# put `height` and `grid_height` axes together;# put `width` and `grid_width` axes together.matrix = np.transpose(matrix, (0, 2, 1, 3))matrix = np.reshape(matrix, (new_heigt, new_width, 1))return matrixif __name__ == '__main__':color_chart16 = generate_color_chart(block_num=16,grid_width=32,block_columns=4)color_chart18 = generate_color_chart(block_num=18,grid_width=32,block_columns=6)color_chart36 = generate_color_chart(block_num=36,grid_width=16,block_columns=6)color_chart52 = generate_color_chart(block_num=52,grid_width=8,block_columns=13)color_chart256 = generate_color_chart(block_num=256,grid_width=1,block_columns=16)cv2.imwrite('color_chart16.png', color_chart16)cv2.imwrite('color_chart18.png', color_chart18)cv2.imwrite('color_chart36.png', color_chart36)cv2.imwrite('color_chart52.png', color_chart52)cv2.imwrite('color_chart256.png', color_chart256)

渐变色带

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as npdef generate_color_band(left_colors, right_colors, grade=256, height=32):"""Generate color bands by uniformly changing from left colors to rightcolors. Note that there might be multiple bands.Parameters----------left_colors: Left colors of the color bands.right_colors: Right colors of the color bands.grade: how many colors are contained in one color band.height: height of one color band."""# check and process color parameters, which should be 2D list# after processingif not isinstance(left_colors, (tuple, list)):left_colors = [left_colors]if not isinstance(right_colors, (tuple, list)):right_colors = [right_colors]if not isinstance(left_colors[0], (tuple, list)):left_colors = [left_colors]if not isinstance(right_colors[0], (tuple, list)):right_colors = [right_colors]# initialize channel, and all other colors should have the same channelchannel = len(left_colors[0])band_num = len(left_colors)result = []for i in range(band_num):left_color = left_colors[i]right_color = right_colors[i]if len(left_color) != channel or len(right_color) != channel:raise ValueError("All colors should have same channel number")color_band = np.linspace(left_color, right_color, grade)color_band = np.expand_dims(color_band, axis=0)color_band = np.repeat(color_band, repeats=height, axis=0)color_band = np.clip(np.round(color_band), 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)result.append(color_band)result = np.concatenate(result, axis=0)result = np.squeeze(result)return resultif __name__ == '__main__':black = [0, 0, 0]white = [255, 255, 255]red = [0, 0, 255]green = [0, 255, 0]blue = [255, 0, 0]gray_band = generate_color_band([[0], [255]], [[255], [0]])color_band8 = generate_color_band([black, white, red, green, blue, black, black, black],[white, black, white, white, white, red, green, blue])cv2.imwrite('gray_band.png', gray_band)cv2.imwrite('color_band8.png', color_band8)

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使用python生成颜色表（color chart）

格子颜色表

渐变色带

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