windows下的安装与使用curl实现命令行访问Web网站

文章目录

curl 是什么？
curl 能干什么？
Windows下的curl的使用
curl常见用法
- 获取内容的命令选项
- 参数传递（-d）
- Cookie操作
使用注意事项
curl 命令选项大全

curl 是什么？

矫情一点， curl应该写作cURL, 全写是：CommandLine Uniform Resource Locator，命令行统一资源定位器。顾名思义，cURL就是使用命令行访问网页URL的工具。
Linux系统自带curl工具, 以CentOS为例, 在命令行终端输入:

curl https://www.baidu.com

稍好片刻，终端会返回网站的响应源代码，效果如下:

curl 能干什么？

正常使用浏览器访问在线网页，是不需要使用curl的， curl比较常使用在爬虫程序或是网页分析的程序中。场景包括：

定期爬某些网站，获取源码，解析其中有用的部分
企业内部系统串接，被访问系统提供HTTP(s)的对外接口，附加GET类型的参数，并返回执行成功与失败的响应。
脚本程序。比如批次脚本或是部署脚本。

Windows下的curl的使用

Windows默认没有提供该工具，但可以下载第三方的程序，下载地址：
https://curl.haxx.se/windows/
下载页面如下（根据操作系统版本选择下载）：

下载完成是一个.zip 的压缩文件，要在命令行窗口直接使用curl命令，需要做以下两件事：

下载之后解压。
配置环境变量。将curl解压后的bin目录配置到系统Path变量中，这样打开命令行就可以直接使用curl命令了。

这里解压到D盘install 目录，解压后目录结构如下：

Windows 10下环境配置页面如下：

以上配置完成，新开Windows 命令行窗口，输入 curl https://www.baidu.com，出现以上和Linux类同的响应即安装成功。

curl常见用法

除了获取页面源码外， curl 还可以通过添加命令选项获取头信息、添加参数、发送Cookie等操作。

获取内容的命令选项

基本使用，获取内容（HTTP源码） curl www.baidu.com
-i 除了网页内容，还包括头信息，比如 curl www.baidu.com -i
-I 仅获取头信息，比如：curl www.baidu.com -I
-v 获取更详细的信息，比如： curl www.baidu.com -v 。 v是verbose（详细）的简写，包括：源码，头，IP，协议等

参数传递（-d）

curl使用 -d 选项传递参数，对于不同类型的请求参数，可以结合　-X　参数。

GET类型的参数
GET类型的请求参数其实可以直接附加在URL后面，类似： http://地址？参数名1=参数值1&参数名2=参数值2。也可以使用 -d 和 -G 选项（-d 后面是参数的键和值， -G代表GET方法类型，与－X GET 效果类似），类似：

curl -G -d "username=oscar" www.baidu.com

POST方法参数
直接看实例：

curl -d "username=oscar" -X POST www.baidu.com

这里的 -X POST也可以省略，直接写成：

curl -d "username=oscar"  www.baidu.com

多个参数的传递
多个参数可以使用 &，也可以使用多个 -d。
方式1：使用&

curl -d "username=oscar&password=123" www.baidu.com

方式2：多个 -d 选项

curl -d "username=oscar" -d "password=123" www.baidu.com

参数文件
如果参数较多的话，也可以将参数放在一个文件中，使用参数文件进行传递，比如：

curl -d "@params.txt" www.baidu.com

params.txt是文件名

Cookie操作

Cookie的操作包括：

发送Cookie到服务端
接收服务端返回的Cookie，写入本地
对应以上两种操作，可以分别使用　-b 和 -c 命令选项。
-b , 发送Cookie到服务器 ,示例： curl -b "foo=bar" www.baidu.com，也可以发送文件，示例：curl -b cookies.txt www.baidu.com
-c，将Cookie写入文件，示例：curl -c cookies.txt www.baidu.com

使用注意事项

以上参数使用双引号包含起来的，类似 “username=oscar”，在Linux系统下也可以使用单引号。但是在Windows下使用单引号会无法成功执行，出现的状况是：命令执行后，页面卡住不动。

curl 命令选项大全

 --anyauth       Pick "any" authentication method (H)-a, --append        Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)--basic         Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)--cacert FILE   CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)--capath DIR    CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)-E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL)--cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)--ciphers LIST  SSL ciphers to use (SSL)--compressed    Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)-K, --config FILE   Specify which config file to read--connect-timeout SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for connection-C, --continue-at OFFSET  Resumed transfer offset-b, --cookie STRING/FILE  String or file to read cookies from (H)-c, --cookie-jar FILE  Write cookies to this file after operation (H)--create-dirs   Create necessary local directory hierarchy--crlf          Convert LF to CRLF in upload--crlfile FILE  Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file-d, --data DATA     HTTP POST data (H)--data-ascii DATA  HTTP POST ASCII data (H)--data-binary DATA  HTTP POST binary data (H)--data-urlencode DATA  HTTP POST data url encoded (H)--delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission--digest        Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)--disable-eprt  Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)--disable-epsv  Inhibit using EPSV (F)-D, --dump-header FILE  Write the headers to this file--egd-file FILE  EGD socket path for random data (SSL)--engine ENGINGE  Crypto engine (SSL). "--engine list" for list-f, --fail          Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)-F, --form CONTENT  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)--form-string STRING  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)--ftp-account DATA  Account data string (F)--ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND  String to replace "USER [name]" (F)--ftp-create-dirs  Create the remote dirs if not present (F)--ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F)--ftp-pasv      Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)-P, --ftp-port ADR  Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)--ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F)--ftp-pret      Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)--ftp-ssl-ccc   Send CCC after authenticating (F)--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE  Set CCC mode (F)--ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for ftp login, clear for transfer (F)-G, --get           Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)-g, --globoff       Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []-H, --header LINE   Custom header to pass to server (H)-I, --head          Show document info only-h, --help          This help text--hostpubmd5 MD5  Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)-0, --http1.0       Use HTTP 1.0 (H)--ignore-content-length  Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header-i, --include       Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)-k, --insecure      Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)--interface INTERFACE  Specify network interface/address to use-4, --ipv4          Resolve name to IPv4 address-6, --ipv6          Resolve name to IPv6 address-j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H)--keepalive-time SECONDS  Interval between keepalive probes--key KEY       Private key file name (SSL/SSH)--key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)--krb LEVEL     Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F)--libcurl FILE  Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line--limit-rate RATE  Limit transfer speed to this rate-l, --list-only     List only names of an FTP directory (F)--local-port RANGE  Force use of these local port numbers-L, --location      Follow redirects (H)--location-trusted like --location and send auth to other hosts (H)-M, --manual        Display the full manual--mail-from FROM  Mail from this address--mail-rcpt TO  Mail to this receiver(s)--mail-auth AUTH  Originator address of the original email--max-filesize BYTES  Maximum file size to download (H/F)--max-redirs NUM  Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)-m, --max-time SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for the transfer--metalink      Process given URLs as metalink XML file--negotiate     Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H)-n, --netrc         Must read .netrc for user name and password--netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n--netrc-file FILE  Set up the netrc filename to use-N, --no-buffer     Disable buffering of the output stream--no-keepalive  Disable keepalive use on the connection--no-sessionid  Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)--noproxy       List of hosts which do not use proxy--ntlm          Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)-o, --output FILE   Write output to <file> instead of stdout--pass PASS     Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)--post301       Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)--post302       Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)--post303       Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)-#, --progress-bar  Display transfer progress as a progress bar--proto PROTOCOLS  Enable/disable specified protocols--proto-redir PROTOCOLS  Enable/disable specified protocols on redirect-x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port--proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)--proxy-basic   Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-digest  Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-ntlm    Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)-U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD]  Proxy user and password--proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT]  Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port-p, --proxytunnel   Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)--pubkey KEY    Public key file name (SSH)-Q, --quote CMD     Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)--random-file FILE  File for reading random data from (SSL)-r, --range RANGE   Retrieve only the bytes within a range--raw           Do HTTP "raw", without any transfer decoding (H)-e, --referer       Referer URL (H)-J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H)-O, --remote-name   Write output to a file named as the remote file--remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs-R, --remote-time   Set the remote file's time on the local output-X, --request COMMAND  Specify request command to use--resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS  Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS--retry NUM   Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur--retry-delay SECONDS When retrying, wait this many seconds between each--retry-max-time SECONDS  Retry only within this period-S, --show-error    Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur-s, --silent        Silent mode. Don't output anything--socks4 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port--socks4a HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port--socks5 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port--socks5-basic  Enable username/password auth for SOCKS5 proxies--socks5-gssapi Enable GSS-API auth for SOCKS5 proxies--socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy--socks5-gssapi-service NAME  SOCKS5 proxy service name for gssapi--socks5-gssapi-nec  Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server-Y, --speed-limit RATE  Stop transfers below speed-limit for 'speed-time' secs-y, --speed-time SECONDS  Time for trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30--ssl           Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)--ssl-reqd      Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)-2, --sslv2         Use SSLv2 (SSL)-3, --sslv3         Use SSLv3 (SSL)--ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)--stderr FILE   Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout--tcp-nodelay   Use the TCP_NODELAY option-t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL  Set telnet option--tftp-blksize VALUE  Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)-z, --time-cond TIME  Transfer based on a time condition-1, --tlsv1         Use => TLSv1 (SSL)--tlsv1.0       Use TLSv1.0 (SSL)--tlsv1.1       Use TLSv1.1 (SSL)--tlsv1.2       Use TLSv1.2 (SSL)--trace FILE    Write a debug trace to the given file--trace-ascii FILE  Like --trace but without the hex output--trace-time    Add time stamps to trace/verbose output--tr-encoding   Request compressed transfer encoding (H)-T, --upload-file FILE  Transfer FILE to destination--url URL       URL to work with-B, --use-ascii     Use ASCII/text transfer-u, --user USER[:PASSWORD]  Server user and password--tlsuser USER  TLS username--tlspassword STRING TLS password--tlsauthtype STRING  TLS authentication type (default SRP)--unix-socket FILE    Connect through this UNIX domain socket-A, --user-agent STRING  User-Agent to send to server (H)-v, --verbose       Make the operation more talkative-V, --version       Show version number and quit-w, --write-out FORMAT  What to output after completion--xattr        Store metadata in extended file attributes-q                 If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc