B3U3 Text A Language Focus 共32词
B3U3 Text A Language Focus
be about to: be going to do sth. very soon 即将，行将
e.g. Please take your seats, ladies and gentlemen. The performance is about to begin.
女士们、先生们，请入座。演出马上就要开始了。
Experts said that the virus was about to change the whole world.
专家们说这种病毒即将改变整个世界。
gorgeous: a. (infml) dazzlingly beautiful or magnificent 眩目艳丽的，极其宏伟的
e.g. Alice took some gorgeous photos of my one-month-old daughter two days ago.
两天前，爱丽丝给我一个月大的女儿拍了一些很漂亮的照片。
It’s a three hour drive each way, but the scenery is gorgeous.
驾车去那里单程就要3小时，但景色实在壮丽。
residence: n. (fml) a large imposing house; the place in which a person resides 大宅；居所
e.g. 10 Downing Street is the official residence of the British Prime Minister.
唐宁街10号是英国首相的官邸。
With the rapid spread of COVID-19, a growing number of states are ordering people to avoid leaving their homes or places of residence unless necessary.
随着新冠病毒的迅速蔓延，越来越多的州要求人们非必需时不要离开家或者居住的地方。
striking: a. attracting attention 惹人注目的
*e.*g. David presents a striking contrast to his shy and quiet brother.
大卫与他那害羞安静的兄弟形成了鲜明的对比。
The most striking feature of this app is that it is very user-friendly.
这个应用程序最显著的特点是它对用户十分友好。
modest: a. not very large or expensive 不大的，不很贵的，适度的
e.g. This Festival of the Arts, which began on a modest scale in 1966, now is included in the top 10 events in the United States.
这个艺术节始于1966年，当时规模不大，而如今已成为美国的十大盛事之一。
The government has made modest progress in cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
政府在减少温室气体排放方面已有一些作为。
conviction: n. a fixed or firmly held belief, opinion, etc. 坚定的信念或看法
*e.*g. I have a deep conviction that highly intelligent beings exist on Mars.
我坚信火星上生存着具有高度智慧的生物。
She was motivated by strong moral convictions.
她的行动是出于坚定不移的道德信念。
exert: vt. put forth (strength, effort, etc.); put (oneself) into action or to tiring effort 用（力），使劲
e.g. I exerted all my strength to move the bookshelf.
我使尽全身的力气移动书架。
He has been exerting himself to obtain their pardon.
他已经尽力求得他们的原谅。
get by: manage to survive; succeed with the least possible effort 设法活下去；勉强应对
e.g. I can just about get by in French.
我用法语只能勉强应付。
Many people are planning on how they are going to get by without heat this winter because they cannot afford it.
很多人正在计划今年如何度过一个没有暖气的冬天，因为他们付不起暖气费。
apply: vt. make use of as relevant or suitable 使用；应用
e.g. It is difficult to apply these ideas in practice.
很难将这些理念付诸实践。
Psychologists now apply the findings of psychology in nonacademic settings such as business, sports, government, and law.
心理学家们现在将心理学研究中的发现应用到非学术类的场合，如商业、体育、政府和法律。
keep/bring/get (sth.) under control: succeed in dealing with (sth.) so that it does not cause any damage 控制，抑制
e.g. Keep your dog under control at all times and ensure it does not attack any person or any other animal.
你得始终看好你的狗，保证它不会袭击任何人或者其他动物。
Locals and the police were working untiringly to bring the forest fire under control.
当地居民和警察正在全力以赴地控制森林大火。
I think you’ll have a hard time getting the department under your control — they’re very loyal to their old boss.
我想你要掌握这个部门不很容易，他们对以前的老板是非常忠心的。
supposedly: ad. according to what is generally believed but not known for certain 据信；据说
e.g. This movie is supposedly based on a true story.
据说这部电影基于一个真实的故事。
When supposedly smart students gave poor answers, teachers tended to look for something positive in their responses.
当那些被认为很聪明的学生没有给出满意的回答时，教师往往会试图在他们的答中寻找亮点。
romantic: a. exciting and mysterious and having a strong effect on one’s emotions; impractical in conception or plan 浪漫的；不切实际的
e.g. Lots of people who live in cities have a romantic image of country life.
许多居住在城市里的人对乡村生活有一种浪漫的幻象。
Nick and Laura are newlyweds who still have romantic ideas about getting ahead and raising a family in a big city.
尼克和劳拉新婚不久，对于在大城市成家立业还有着不切实际的幻想。
When I was younger, I had romantic ideas of becoming a writer.
我年轻的时候有个浪漫的想法，要成为一个作家。
She has a romantic idea of what it is like to be a struggling young artist.
她对打拼的年轻艺术家的生活有一种浪漫的想法。
dependent: a. needing sth. or sb. in order to exist, be successful etc. 依赖的，依靠的
e.g. Our modern world is dependent upon natural resources mined from underground.
我们的现代社会离不开从地下采掘出来的自然资源。
Although sleeping aids pose no apparent negative effects, it’s easy to become dependent on them.
虽然助眠药物不构成表面看得出的负面效果，但使用者很容易养成对这些药物的依赖。
vehicle: n. a medium for the expression or communication of ideas, information, etc.（表达或传输思想、信息等的）手段，工具
e.g. Earlier theorists believed that language was simply a vehicle for our ideas.
早期的理论家认为语言只是我们表达思想的工具。
The movie Bright Eyes is an ideal vehicle for Shirley Temples’ talents.
电影《明亮的眼睛》为秀兰·邓波儿提供了一个展示其才华的理想舞台。
sort out: clarify by going over mentally 澄清，理清
e.g. Writing can help me sort out my thoughts.
写作能够帮助我整理思路。
We have to sort out the current situation before making any decision.
在做决定之前，我们需要弄清当前局势。
origin: n. the cause of sth. 起因；源头
e.g. Shanghai’s Dianshan Lake is the origin of the Huangpu River.
上海淀山湖是黄浦江的源头。
The origin of the universe is actually more than a scientific question. Humankind has always been interested in where we come from and where we go.
事实上宇宙的起源不仅仅是一个科学问题。人类一直在思考我们从哪里来、要往哪里去。
financial: a. connected with money and finance 财务的；金融的
e.g. The 2008 financial crisis is the worst economic disaster since the Great Depression.
2008年的金融危机是自大萧条以来最严重的经济灾难。
Lujiazui is an important financial district of Shanghai.
陆家嘴是上海重要的金融区。
affluent: a. (fml) wealthy 富裕的
e.g. If you live in an affluent neighborhood, you’re very likely to take up your neighbor’s consumption habits.
如果你居住在一个富人社区，你很有可能会跟随邻居们的消费习惯。
The store catered to a mostly affluent clientele that was relatively price insensitive, so we could afford to pay our suppliers a premium for the very best fish.
我们店的顾客大都很富裕，他们对价格相对不怎么敏感，所以我们能付给供货商一个溢价，拿到最好的鱼。
authentic: a. not false or copied; genuine; real 真正的；真实的
e.g. I don’t know if this is an authentic antique.
我不知道这是否是真品古董。
Sometimes it’s quite difficult to tell an authentic news report from an invented one, especially news about celebrities.
有时候很难辨别新闻的真伪，尤其是有关名人的新闻。
elementary: a. 小学的；初级的
e.g. Elementary education is about expanding and inspiring young minds.
基础教育旨在拓展及启发孩子们的思想。
I’m only familiar with the field at an elementary level.
我对于这个领域的了解处于初级水平。
scholarship: n. 奖学金
e.g. She came to Columbia University on a scholarship.
她是靠奖学金到哥伦比亚大学求学的。
Linda was awarded a scholarship of up to $3,000 to advance her Chinese language studies.
琳达获得了3000美元的奖学金，得以继续她的汉语研究。
make it: deal successfully with a difficult experience 渡过难关，成功
e.g. Despite the difficulties, he keeps trying to make it as a musician.
尽管困难重重，他依旧坚持不懈，力争成为一个音乐家。
I can’t make it without my friends’ help.
没有朋友们的帮助，我不可能成功。
loan: n. money lent at interest 贷款
e.g. It took me two years to repay my student loan.
我花了两年的时间才还清我的学生贷款。
The bank has refused to give loans to small businesses.
这家银行拒绝向小公司提供贷款。
pay off: finish paying money owed 付清；偿清
e.g. We paid off our mortgage within three years.
我们在三年之内还清了抵押贷款。
The court ordered Maria’s former employer to pay off all $2,540 of her back wages.
法庭命令玛利亚的前雇主向她付清2540美元的拖欠工资。
use up: use all of (sth.) 用完
e.g. I have used up all my email space.
我已经把电子邮箱的容量用完了。
We haven’t got any sugar. I used up the last grains when I made a cake yesterday.
我们没有糖了。昨天我做蛋糕时把仅剩的糖用完了。
insurance: n. the business of insuring persons or property 保险
e.g. Many colleges require their students to carry health insurance coverage.
许多大学要求学生购买健康保险。
A social worker will help you apply for insurance for your children.
社工会帮助你为孩子们申请保险。
to one’s delight: causing one to be very happy 使某人高兴的是
e.g. To her delight, the workout allowed her to exercise in a way that helped — rather than worsened — her injuries.
让她高兴的是，这种锻炼方式能调养而非加剧她的创伤。
Much to the delight of the students, the mid-term quiz has been cancelled.
让学生们感到特别高兴的是，期中测试取消了。
semester: n. a half-year term in a school or university 学期
e.g. The fall semester begins on September 8 and ends on January 10.
秋季学期从9月8日开始，1月10日结束。
Do I have to take my language courses one right after the other, or is it okay to skip a semester or two?
我必须连续上语言课吗？还是可以中间跳过一两个学期？
instructor: n. a teacher below the rank of assistant professor at a college or university（大学）讲师
e.g. The beginner is given the opportunity to do practice teaching under the supervision and guidance of experienced instructors.
新手有机会在经验丰富的教师的监督和指导下开展实习教学。
A swimming instructor must be able to work with a timid student as well as a confident one.
游泳教练不但要会教自信的学生，还要会教胆小的学生。
overdue: a. not paid, done, returned, etc. by the required or expected time（到期）未付的，未还的，未做的
e.g. Some of the payments are 3 months overdue.
有些应付款已经拖欠3个月了。
Reform of the medical care system is long overdue.
医疗体系的改革早就该实施了。
discard: vt. get rid of 抛弃，丢弃
e.g. This artwork was made from discarded newspapers.
这件艺术品是用废弃的报纸制作而成的。
They want to discard the current data-processing system and start all over again.
他们计划舍弃现有的数据处理系统，另起炉灶。
psychological: a. of, relating to, or arising from the mind or emotions 心理的；精神上的
e.g. Erik Erikson developed a model of eight stages of psychological development.
爱利克·埃里克森提出了由8个阶段构成的心理发展理论模型。
Loneliness may be a symptom of a psychological problem, such as chronic depression.
孤独感可能是心理问题的症状，例如长期的抑郁。
break up: bring to an end 使结束
e.g. The meeting was broken up suddenly and five people were detained by the police.
会议突然被打断，有5人被警察拘留。
Finally the two companies decided to break up their partnership.
最终这两家公司决定结束他们的合作关系。
panic:
1 n. a sudden feeling of great fear 惊恐；恐慌e.g. The general public has got into a panic about the financial crisis.
大众对于金融危机感到恐慌。
Twitter users had a moment of panic as the social media site crashed.
当推特社交媒体网站崩溃时，用户们一时感到惊慌失措。
2 v. (panicked, panicking, panics) feel or cause to feel panic（使）惊慌
e.g. The students panicked when told that the final exams were less than a week away.
当学生们得知还有不到一周就要期末考试时，感到很紧张。
The gunfire panicked the horses.
枪声惊吓到了马匹。
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