perl生成以太网帧

实验室在仿真以太网相关Verilog代码的时候，有时候需要产生一定以太网帧数据供TestBench使用，手动编写64字节-1518字节的不同的以太网数据十分麻烦。参考上板调试时候使用思博伦TeseCenter网络测试仪的思想，我们可以使用Perl脚本批量生成需要的数据，参考代码如下：

#######################################################################################
# main.pl                                                                             #
# 段聪                                                                                #
# 2014/12/5-2014/12/8                                                                 #
# 说明：                                                                              #
#      1.生成以太网帧                                                                 #
#      2.生成三个文件，分别是帧数据文件，帧头文件，帧长文件                           #
#        输出文件在当前目录的output文件夹中                                           #
#      3.忽略4字节以太网CRC校验值(帧长60-1514)                                        #
#      4.CRC32校验算法使用C++编写，在子目录crc中                                      #
#                                                                                     #
# 运行环境：                                                                          #
#      perl/ActivePerl                                                                #
#######################################################################################
# LOG                                                                                 #
# V2:                                                                                 #
#1、(已解决)可以输入设备数n，每个设备都有一个MAC地址和IP地址                          #
#2、(已解决)ARP帧发送可控（开关），发送的ARP帧位设备的映射关系，                      #
#            暂定为只发送n个ARP，首先ARP帧                                            #
#3、(已解决)修改默认值问题                                                            #
#4、(已解决)生成按字节反序的数据文件 (file_reverse_bytes.pl)                          #
#                                                                                     #
#                                                                                     #
#######################################################################################=pod承载IP帧时
+------------+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+---------+---------+-----------------+
| 以太网头部 | IP头部  | TCP端口号 | 数据填充     | 源设备号  | 帧编号  | CRC校验 | 以太网CRC(不选) |
|   14字节   | 20字节  |   4字节   | (64~1518)-50 | 4字节     | 4字节   |  4字节  |     4字节       |
+------------+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+---------+---------+-----------------+注：对(TCP端口号头部~行号)计算CRC校验值承载ARP帧时
+------------+---------+--------------------------+-----------+---------+---------+-----------------+
| 以太网头部 | ARP头部 |        数据填充          | 源设备号  | 帧编号  | CRC校验 | 以太网CRC(不选) |
|   14字节   | 28字节  |        (64~1518)-54      | 4字节     | 4字节   |  4字节  |     4字节       |
+------------+---------+--------------------------+-----------+---------+---------+-----------------+注：对(ARP头部~行号)计算CRC校验值行号是数据帧在文件中的行号，从0计数MAC地址产生策略mac(0)   --> mac(0)+1mac(0)+1 --> mac(0)+2...mac(0)+i --> mac(0)+i+1...mac(0)+n --> mac(0)=cut#是否开启调试模式
#开启时候debug为1
$debug = 0;#-------------------------------------------------------------
print "\n","*" x 15,"以太网帧生成器","*" x 15,"\n\n";#------------------------常量定义-----------------------------
$ETHERNET_MAX_LENGTH = 1518; #以太网最长帧字节数
$ETHERNET_MIN_LENGTH = 64;   #以太网最短帧字节数
$ETHERNET_CRC_LENGTH = 4;    #以太网CRC字节数
#-------------------------------------------------------------#------------------------创建文件-----------------------------
$outdir = "./output/";
$frame_file = $outdir."frame.txt";
$frame_length_file = $outdir."frame_length.txt";
$frame_header_file = $outdir."frame_header.txt";unless (-d $outdir){#输出文件夹不存在mkdir $outdir;
}open FRAME_FILE,">",$frame_file or die "打开文件失败";
open FRAME_LENGTH_FILE,">",$frame_length_file or die "打开文件失败";
open FRAME_HEADER_FILE,">",$frame_header_file or die "打开文件失败";#-------------------------------------------------------------print "输入帧数目（帧数目,直接回车设置为默认值10）：";
$row_cnt = <STDIN>;
chomp($row_cnt);
if($row_cnt =~ /^$/){print "帧数目设置为默认值10\n";$row_cnt = 10;
}
else{while(!($row_cnt =~ /\d+/)){print "帧数目输入不是数字，重新输入：\n";$row_cnt = <STDIN>;chomp($row_cnt);}
}
print "-" x 20,"\n";#---------------------设备数目--------------------------------print "输入设备数目（直接回车设置为默认值5）：";
$mac_cnt = <STDIN>;
chomp($mac_cnt);
if($mac_cnt =~ /^$/){print "设备数目设置为默认值5\n";$mac_cnt = 5;
}
else{while(!($mac_cnt =~ /\d+/)){print "设备数目不是数字，重新输入：\n";$mac_cnt = <STDIN>;chomp($mac_cnt);}
}
print "-" x 20,"\n";#---------------------帧长产生策略----------------------------
print "选择帧长产生策略(1或2)：\n";
print "直接回车默认选择1自增\n";
print "1. 自增\n";
print "2. 随机\n";
$frame_length_type = <STDIN>;
chomp($frame_length_type);
if($frame_length_type =~/^$/){print "帧长产生策略设置为默认自增\n";$frame_length_type = 1;
}
else{while($frame_length_type>2 || $frame_length_type<1){print "错误的输入，选择帧长产生策略(1或2)：\n";$frame_length_type = <STDIN>;}
}
print "-" x 20,"\n";#-------------------------------------------------------------
my $base_frame_length;
my $interval;
if($frame_length_type==1){print "\n选择了帧长自动增加...\n";print "直接回车设置为默认值64：\n";print "输入帧长起始值(64-1518)：";$base_frame_length = <STDIN>;chomp($base_frame_length);if($base_frame_length =~/^$/){print "输入帧长起始值设置为默认值64\n";$base_frame_length = 64;}else{while($base_frame_length>1518 || $base_frame_length<64){print "帧长不在范围内，重新输入起始值(64-1518)：\n";$base_frame_length = <STDIN>;chomp($base_frame_length);}}#-----------------------------------------------print "输入增加间隔(直接回车选择默认值1)：\n";$interval = <STDIN>;chomp($interval);if($interval =~/^$/){print "增加间隔设置为为默认值64\n";$interval = 1;}else{while(!($interval =~ /\d+/)){print "输入错误，输入增加间隔：\n";$interval = <STDIN>;chomp($interval);}}
}
print "\n","-" x 20,"\n";#--------------------MAC地址产生策略---------------------------
print "MAC地址产生策略：自增\n";
print "输入起始MAC地址(默认001122334455,直接回车选择默认)：";
$base_mac = <STDIN>;
chomp($base_mac);
if($base_mac =~/^$/){print "起始MAC地址设置为默认001122334455\n";$base_mac = "001122334455";
}
else{#正则表达式判断输入格式是否正确while(!($base_mac =~ /[0-9a-fA-F]{12}/)){print "错误的输入，重新输入起始MAC地址(如001122334455)：\n";$base_mac = <STDIN>;chomp($base_mac);}
}
print "\n","-" x 20,"\n";#--------------------数据填充策略------------------------------
print "填充数据产生策略：(1或2,直接回车选择默认2伪随机)：\n";
print "1. 固定\n";
print "2. 伪随机\n";
$fill_data_type = <STDIN>;
chomp($fill_data_type);
if($fill_data_type =~ /^$/){$fill_data_type = 2;
}
else{while($fill_data_type>3){print "错误的输入，选择填充数据产生策略(1或2)：\n";$fill_data_type = <STDIN>;chomp($fill_data_type);}
}
print "\n","-" x 20,"\n";my $fixed_fill_data;
if($fill_data_type==1){print "\n选择了固定数据填充...\n";print "输入填充数据（16位,例:aabb）：";$fixed_fill_data = <STDIN>;chomp($fixed_fill_data);
}#--------------------是否先生成ARP帧------------------------------
$gene_arp = "y";#默认生成ARP帧
print "是否先生成ARP帧(y/n,直接回车默认y生成)?";
$gene_arp = <STDIN>;
chomp($gene_arp);
if($gene_arp =~ /^$/){print "选择默认生成ARP帧\n";$gene_arp = "y";
}
else{while(!($gene_arp =~ /^[ynYN]$/)){#输入错误print "输入错误，是否生成ARP帧(y/n)\n";$gene_arp = <STDIN>;chomp($gene_arp);}
}##########################################################################以太网头部
my $ethernet_header;
#以太网总帧长
my $frame_length;#ARP帧长42字节=14字节以太网头部+28字节ARP头部
#每一帧都必须加入填充0以达到以太网的最小长度要求:60字节
my $arp_frame_length = 64;
#当前行号
my $current_row_str;
my $current_row = 0;
my $current_mac = $base_mac;if($gene_arp eq "y" || $gene_arp eq "Y"){my $ethernet_type;my $mac_dst;my $mac_src;print "\n";#生成ARP帧（数目与设备数目相同）for($i=0;$i<$mac_cnt;$i++){print $i,"----ARP数据帧----\n";#----------------------$ethernet_type = "0806";#目的MAC地址0xFFFFFFFFFFFF$mac_dst = "ffffffffffff";#源MAC地址#print "base_mac is $base_mac\n";#print "base_mac hex is $base_mac".hex($base_mac)."\n";$mac_src = $current_mac;$current_mac = inc_mac($current_mac);#print $mac_src,"\n";$ethernet_header = $mac_dst.$mac_src.$ethernet_type;#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#ARP帧头部#[2B硬件类型|2B协议类型|1B硬件地址长度|1B协议地址长度|2BOP|6B发送者硬件地址# |4B发送者IP|6B目标硬件地址|4B目标IP地址]my $hardware_type = dec2hexStr(0x0001,4);my $protocal_type = dec2hexStr(0x0800,4);my $hardware_size = dec2hexStr(0x06,2);my $protocal_size = dec2hexStr(0x04,2);my $op = dec2hexStr(0x0001,4);my $sender_mac = $mac_src;my $sender_ip = dec2hexStr(192,2).dec2hexStr(168,2).dec2hexStr(0,2).dec2hexStr($i,2);my $target_mac = dec2hexStr(0x00_00_00_00_00_00,12);my $target_ip = dec2hexStr(192,2).dec2hexStr(168,2).dec2hexStr(0,2).dec2hexStr($i+1,2);if($debug==1){print "length of hardware_type $hardware_type is ".length($hardware_type)."\n";print "length of protocal_type $protocal_type is ".length($protocal_type)."\n";print "length of hardware_size $hardware_size is ".length($hardware_size)."\n";print "length of protocal_size $protocal_size is ".length($protocal_size)."\n";print "length of op $op is ".length($op)."\n";print "length of sender_mac $sender_mac is ".length($sender_mac)."\n";print "length of sender_ip  $sender_ip is ".length($sender_ip)."\n";print "length of target_mac $target_mac is ".length($target_mac)."\n";print "length of target_ip  $target_ip is ".length($target_ip)."\n";}#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------my $data_size = int($arp_frame_length - 58);#填充的字节数my $payload .= "00" x $data_size;#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#添加源设备号(MAC地址编号,32位)$device_no = dec2hexStr($i,8);#添加帧编号（32位）$current_row = $i;$current_row_str = dec2hexStr($i,8);#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#ARP协议头部+数据$arp_protocal_head =  $hardware_type.$protocal_type.$hardware_size.$protocal_size.$op.$sender_mac.$sender_ip.$target_mac.$target_ip;$arp_protocal_data =  $payload.$device_no.$current_row_str;$arp_protocal_all =  $arp_protocal_head.$arp_protocal_data;if($debug==1){print "length of arp_protocal_head is ".length($arp_protocal_head)."\n";}#添加CRC校验值$crc = getCRC32($arp_protocal_all);print FRAME_FILE $ethernet_header.$arp_protocal_all.$crc,"\n";print FRAME_HEADER_FILE "$mac_dst,$mac_src,$ethernet_type,$arp_protocal_head,$device_no,$current_row_str,$crc\n";print FRAME_LENGTH_FILE ($arp_frame_length-$ETHERNET_CRC_LENGTH)."\n";}
}#########################################################################
#产生IP帧$current_mac = $base_mac;
srand;
for($i=0;$i<$row_cnt;$i++){print $i,"----IP数据帧----\n";if($frame_length_type==1){#帧长自增$frame_length = $base_frame_length + $interval*$i;if($frame_length>$ETHERNET_MAX_LENGTH){$frame_length = $ETHERNET_MAX_LENGTH;}}else{#产生64-1518的随机数$frame_length = $ETHERNET_MIN_LENGTH + int(rand($ETHERNET_MAX_LENGTH-$ETHERNET_MIN_LENGTH));}#my $mac_src_ip = hex($base_mac)+$i%$mac_cnt;#源MAC地址 (自增)my $mac_src = $current_mac;#目的MAC地址（设定为下一条数据的源MAC）my $mac_dst = inc_mac($current_mac);$current_mac = $mac_dst;if(($i%$mac_cnt) == ($mac_cnt-1)){$mac_dst = $base_mac;$current_mac = $base_mac;}#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#IP帧 TCP/UDP$ethernet_type = "0800";$ethernet_header = $mac_dst.$mac_src.$ethernet_type;#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#【IP头部与载荷格式】#版本号：0100表示IPV4，0110表示IPV6.#[4位版本号|4位首部长度|8位服务类型|16位总字节数      ]#[16位标示                         |3位标志|13位片偏移]#[8位生存时间          |8位协议    |16位首部校验和    ]#[32位源IP地址                                        ]#[32位目的IP地址                                      ]#[16位源端口号                     |16位目的端口号    ]###开始TCP协议#[数据和填充]#[4字节数据CRC校验值]#---------------------------IP固定头部20字节-----------------------------------------#默认ipv4（4位）$ip_version = dec2hexStr(0b0100,1);#首部长度（4位，以4字节为单位，默认为5）$head_length = dec2hexStr(0b0101,1);#服务类型（8位，不用）$service_type = dec2hexStr(0b00000000,2);#首部和数据总字节数 = 帧长-18（16位）$total_bytes = dec2hexStr($frame_length-18,4);#标示$identification = dec2hexStr(0b0000_0000_0000_0000,4);#标志（不分片）,偏移为0$flag_offset = dec2hexStr(0b010_0_0000_0000_0000,4);#生存时间（128）$ttl = dec2hexStr(128,2);#8位协议（默认TCP）$protocol = dec2hexStr(0x06,2);#首部校验和（不计算）$head_checksum = dec2hexStr(0x0000,4);#IP地址192.168.0.1/192.168.0.2$src_ip = dec2hexStr(192,2).dec2hexStr(168,2).dec2hexStr(0,2).dec2hexStr($i%$mac_cnt,2);#print $src_ip,"---源\n";$dst_ip = dec2hexStr(192,2).dec2hexStr(168,2).dec2hexStr(0,2).dec2hexStr($i%$mac_cnt+1,2);#print $dst_ip,"---目的\n";#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#---------------------------TCP协议头部----------------------------------------------$src_port = dec2hexStr(100,4);#源端口$dst_port = dec2hexStr(80,4); #目的端口#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#TCP协议其他头部和数据my $payload;my $data_size = int(($frame_length - 54)/2);#2字节的总数if($fill_data_type == 1){#固定填充for(1..$data_size){$payload .= $fixed_fill_data;}}else{#伪随机填充$last_data = 0xABCD;$payload = dec2hexStr($last_data,4);for(2..$data_size){$current_data = (~((($last_data & 0b0001_0000_0000_0000)<<3)^(($last_data & 0b0000_0000_0000_1000)<<12)^(($last_data & 0b0000_0000_0000_0010)<<14)^(($last_data & 0b0000_0000_0000_0001)<<15)))&(0b1000_0000_0000_0000)|(($last_data & 0b1111_1111_1111_1110)>>1);$payload .= dec2hexStr($current_data,4);#print dec2hexStr($current_data,4),"\n";$last_data = $current_data;}if(($frame_length - 50)%2==1){#还剩单独8bit$current_data = (~((($last_data & 0b0001_0000_0000_0000)<<3)^(($last_data & 0b0000_0000_0000_1000)<<12)^(($last_data & 0b0000_0000_0000_0010)<<14)^(($last_data & 0b0000_0000_0000_0001)<<15)))&(0b1000_0000_0000_0000)|(($last_data & 0b1111_1111_1111_1110)>>1);$payload .= substr(dec2hexStr($current_data,4),2,2);#取低8位#print substr(dec2hexStr($current_data,4),2,2),"\n";}}#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#添加源设备号(MAC地址编号,32位)$device_no = dec2hexStr($i%$mac_cnt,8);#添加行号（32位）$current_row = $current_row + 1;$current_row_str = dec2hexStr($current_row,8);#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#IP协议头部+数据$ip_protocal_head =  $ip_version.$head_length.$service_type.$total_bytes.$identification.$flag_offset.$ttl.$protocol.$head_checksum.$src_ip.$dst_ip;$ip_protocal_data =  $src_port.$dst_port.$payload.$device_no.$current_row_str;$ip_protocal_all =  $ip_protocal_head.$ip_protocal_data;#添加CRC校验值$crc = getCRC32($ip_protocal_data);        print FRAME_FILE $ethernet_header.$ip_protocal_all.$crc,"\n";print FRAME_HEADER_FILE "$mac_dst,$mac_src,$ethernet_type,$ip_protocal_head,$device_no,$current_row_str,$crc\n";print FRAME_LENGTH_FILE ($frame_length-$ETHERNET_CRC_LENGTH)."\n";
}#########################################################################close FRAME_FILE;
close FRAME_LENGTH_FILE;
close FRAME_HEADER_FILE;
print "\n--------------运行结束------------\n";
print "----输出文件为 $frame_file\n";
print "               $frame_header_file\n";
print "               $frame_length_file\n";##############################子函数#######################################十进制转16进制
sub dec2hexStr{my $fix_wdth = 0;if(@_ > 1){$fix_wdth = 1;}my $data = shift @_;my $data16 = sprintf("%x", $data); my $width = shift @_;if($fix_wdth==1){if(length($data16)<$width){$data16 = ("0" x ($width-length($data16))).$data16;}}return $data16;
}#计算CRC校验值
sub getCRC32{$data = shift @_;$str = readpipe("./crc/exe/crc.exe $data");$str = substr($str,4,8);$str1 = substr($str,0,2);$str2 = substr($str,2,2);$str3 = substr($str,4,2);$str4 = substr($str,6,2);$crc = $str4.$str3.$str2.$str1;return $crc;
}#mac地址加一
sub inc_mac{my $str = shift @_;my $mac_first_4 = substr($str,0,4);#printf("0x%x\n",hex($mac_first_4)+1);my $mac_last_8 = substr($str,4,8);if($mac_last_8 =~ /[fF]{8}/){$mac_first_4 = dec2hexStr(hex($mac_first_4)+1,4);#print $mac_first_4,"\n";return $mac_first_4."00000000";}else{$mac_last_8 = dec2hexStr(hex($mac_last_8)+1,8);return $mac_first_4.$mac_last_8;}
}

对发送和接收的文件进行对比的脚本：

#######################################################################################
# compare_file.pl                                                                     #
# 段聪                                                                                #
# 2014/12/5-2014/12/8                                                                 #
# 说明：                                                                              #
#     对比发送的数据和接收的数据文件                                                  #
#                                                                                     #
#                                                                                     #
#######################################################################################print "输入接收文件名称:";$file_send = "./output/frame.txt";
$file_receive = <STDIN>;#"./output/frame_receive.txt";open(SEND,$file_send) or die "打开文件 $file_send 失败\n";
open(RECEIVE,$file_receive) or die "打开文件 $file_receive 失败\n";#-------------------------------------------------------------------print "\n","-" x 10,"开始对比","-" x 10,"\n";#对接收文件按照发送编号进行排序
my %send_hash;
my $send_no_str;
my $send_no;
my $row = 0;
#接收文件
while($line = <RECEIVE>){chomp($line);$row++;$send_no_str = substr($line,length($line)-16,8);$send_hash{$send_no_str} = $row.",".$line;#print $row.",".$line,"\n";
}#按键值排序
my @keys_sort = sort keys %send_hash;#读取发送文件
print "\n";
$row = 0;
my $receive_line;
my @x,@y;
while($line = <SEND>){chomp($line);$row++;$send_no_str = substr($line,length($line)-16,8);$receive_all = $send_hash{$send_no_str};@receive_line_with_row = split ',',$receive_all;$receive_line_row = $receive_line_with_row[0];$receive_line = $receive_line_with_row[1];if($line ne $receive_line){#查找不同的地方@x = split '', $line;@y = split '', $receive_line;$result = join '',map { $x[$_] eq $y[$_] ? "*" : $y[$_] }0 .. $#y;print "发送文件第 $row 行与接收文件第 $receive_line_row 行不一致，发送编号$send_no\n";print "发送：$line\n";print "接收：$receive_line\n";print "差异：$result\n\n"}else{#print "--\n";}
}#-------------------------------------------------------------------
close SEND;
close RECEIVE;print "\n","-" x 10,"对比结束","-" x 10,"\n";

如果需要翻转字节顺序，可以使用下面的代码：

#######################################################################################
# file_reverse_bytes.pl                                                               #
# 段聪                                                                                #
# 2014/12/5-2014/12/8                                                                 #
# 说明：                                                                              #
#     对main.pl生成的帧数据文件frame.txt按字节进行反序                                #
#                                                                                     #
#                                                                                     #
#######################################################################################$input_file = "./output/frame.txt";
$output_file = substr($input_file,0,length($input_file)-4)."_reverse.txt";open(INPUT_FILE,"<",$input_file) or die "打开文件 $input_file 失败\n";
open(OUTPUT_FILE,">",$output_file) or die "打开文件 $output_file 失败\n";print "\n","*"x 30,"\n\n";
print "\n----开始反序处理----\n\n";
$cnt = 0;while($line = <INPUT_FILE>){$cnt++;print "正在处理第 $cnt 行...\n";chomp($line);#遍历每一行进行处理print OUTPUT_FILE reverse_line($line)."\n";
}close INPUT_FILE;
close OUTPUT_FILE;print "\n----处理结束----\n";
print "----输出文件为 $output_file\n\n";sub reverse_line{$str = shift @_;$str_reverse = reverse $str;my $str_result;for($i=0;$i<length($str)-1;$i+=2){$str_result.= reverse substr($str_reverse,$i,2);}return $str_result;
}

输出文件数据截图如下：

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以太网帧最小字节数以及以太网碰撞
说明:本文源自多个网页,原文链接已经不可寻以太网是无连接的,不可靠的服务,采用尽力传输的机制.以太网CSMA/CD我就不多讲了,我相信大家都了解这个原理. 以太网是不可靠的,这意味着它并不知道对方有 ...
为什么以太网帧的长度最短64字节,最长1518字节?
1.碰撞槽时间假设公共总线媒体长度为S,帧在媒体上的传播速度为0.7C(光速),网络的传输率为R(bps),帧长为L(bps),tPHY为某站的物理层时延: 则有: 碰撞槽时间=2S/0.7C+ ...
802.3和以太网帧结构-路由交换原理1-【HCNA笔记】
1.RAW 802.3帧格式前导字段帧起始符 DMAC SMAC Length Data FCS 7字节 1字节 6字节 6字节 2字节 46-1500字节 4字节前导字段:每个帧以7个字节的前 ...
HCNA之网络基础【以太网帧结构】
一.分层结构 OSI七层模型:应用层.表示层.会话层.传输层.网络层.数据链路层.物理层.其中:程序员负责应用层.表示层.以及会话层的工作,而网工负责网络层的路由寻址,以及数据链路层交换机的配置,物理 ...
截获所有以太网帧数据并进行具体分析
/* capture_packet.c - 截获所有以太网帧数据并进行具体分析 *//* 常用函数的头文件 */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdli ...
af_packet_C语言中利用AF_PACKET 原始套接字发送一个任意以太网帧 (一）
目标利用AF_PACKET 套接字发送一个任意的以太网帧背景以太网是一个链路层协议.大多数网络程序员关注网络栈的传输层及以上,所以不需要直接处理以太网帧,但是某些场景下关注传输层以下也是有必要的 ...
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3. 以太网帧的结构
以太网帧的结构网络通信协议分层模型-OSI OSI模型-数据发送和接收过程 TCP/IP 传输控制协议/网络协议数据封装帧格式 Etehernet_II帧格式: IEEE 802.3帧格式: ...

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