前言

环境部署

插件推荐

爬虫目标

项目创建

webdriver部署

项目代码

Item定义

中间件定义

定义爬虫

pipeline输出结果文本

配置文件改动

验证结果

总结

前言

闲来无聊，写了一个爬虫程序获取百度疫情数据。申明一下，研究而已。而且页面应该会进程做反爬处理，可能需要调整对应xpath。

Github仓库地址：代码仓库

本文主要使用的是scrapy框架。

环境部署

主要简单推荐一下

插件推荐

这里先推荐一个Google Chrome的扩展插件xpath helper，可以验证xpath语法是不是正确。

爬虫目标

需要爬取的页面：实时更新：新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情地图

主要爬取的目标选取了全国的数据以及各个身份的数据。

项目创建

使用scrapy命令创建项目

scrapy startproject yqsj

webdriver部署

这里就不重新讲一遍了，可以参考我这篇文章的部署方法：（Scrapy框架）爬虫2021年CSDN全站综合热榜标题热词 | 爬虫案例_阿良的博客-CSDN博客

项目代码

开始撸代码，看一下百度疫情省份数据的问题。

页面需要点击展开全部span。所以在提取页面源码的时候需要模拟浏览器打开后，点击该按钮。所以按照这个方向，我们一步步来。

Item定义

定义两个类YqsjProvinceItem和YqsjChinaItem，分别定义国内省份数据和国内数据。

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyclass YqsjProvinceItem(scrapy.Item):# define the fields for your item here like:# name = scrapy.Field()location = scrapy.Field()new = scrapy.Field()exist = scrapy.Field()total = scrapy.Field()cure = scrapy.Field()dead = scrapy.Field()class YqsjChinaItem(scrapy.Item):# define the fields for your item here like:# name = scrapy.Field()# 现有确诊exist_diagnosis = scrapy.Field()# 无症状asymptomatic = scrapy.Field()# 现有疑似exist_suspecte = scrapy.Field()# 现有重症exist_severe = scrapy.Field()# 累计确诊cumulative_diagnosis = scrapy.Field()# 境外输入overseas_input = scrapy.Field()# 累计治愈cumulative_cure = scrapy.Field()# 累计死亡cumulative_dead = scrapy.Field()

中间件定义

需要打开页面后点击一下展开全部。

完整代码

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlfrom scrapy import signals# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapter
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import timeclass YqsjSpiderMiddleware:# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,# scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the# passed objects.@classmethoddef from_crawler(cls, crawler):# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.s = cls()crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)return sdef process_spider_input(self, response, spider):# Called for each response that goes through the spider# middleware and into the spider.# Should return None or raise an exception.return Nonedef process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):# Called with the results returned from the Spider, after# it has processed the response.# Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.for i in result:yield idef process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):# Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method# (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.# Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.passdef process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):# Called with the start requests of the spider, and works# similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except# that it doesn’t have a response associated.# Must return only requests (not items).for r in start_requests:yield rdef spider_opened(self, spider):spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)class YqsjDownloaderMiddleware:# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,# scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the# passed objects.@classmethoddef from_crawler(cls, crawler):# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.s = cls()crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)return sdef process_request(self, request, spider):# Called for each request that goes through the downloader# middleware.# Must either:# - return None: continue processing this request# - or return a Response object# - or return a Request object# - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of#   installed downloader middleware will be called# return Nonetry:spider.browser.get(request.url)spider.browser.maximize_window()time.sleep(2)spider.browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='nationTable']/div/span").click()# ActionChains(spider.browser).click(searchButtonElement)time.sleep(5)return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source,encoding="utf-8", request=request)except TimeoutException as e:print('超时异常:{}'.format(e))spider.browser.execute_script('window.stop()')finally:spider.browser.close()def process_response(self, request, response, spider):# Called with the response returned from the downloader.# Must either;# - return a Response object# - return a Request object# - or raise IgnoreRequestreturn responsedef process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):# Called when a download handler or a process_request()# (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.# Must either:# - return None: continue processing this exception# - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain# - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chainpassdef spider_opened(self, spider):spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

定义爬虫

分别获取国内疫情数据以及省份疫情数据。完整代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2021/11/7 22:05
# @Author  : 至尊宝
# @Site    :
# @File    : baidu_yq.pyimport scrapy
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Optionsfrom yqsj.items import YqsjChinaItem, YqsjProvinceItemclass YqsjSpider(scrapy.Spider):name = 'yqsj'# allowed_domains = ['blog.csdn.net']start_urls = ['https://voice.baidu.com/act/newpneumonia/newpneumonia#tab0']china_xpath = "//div[contains(@class, 'VirusSummarySix_1-1-317_2ZJJBJ')]/text()"province_xpath = "//*[@id='nationTable']/table/tbody/tr[{}]/td/text()"province_xpath_1 = "//*[@id='nationTable']/table/tbody/tr[{}]/td/div/span/text()"def __init__(self):chrome_options = Options()chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')  # 使用无头谷歌浏览器模式chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options,executable_path="E:\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe")self.browser.set_page_load_timeout(30)def parse(self, response, **kwargs):country_info = response.xpath(self.china_xpath)yq_china = YqsjChinaItem()yq_china['exist_diagnosis'] = country_info[0].get()yq_china['asymptomatic'] = country_info[1].get()yq_china['exist_suspecte'] = country_info[2].get()yq_china['exist_severe'] = country_info[3].get()yq_china['cumulative_diagnosis'] = country_info[4].get()yq_china['overseas_input'] = country_info[5].get()yq_china['cumulative_cure'] = country_info[6].get()yq_china['cumulative_dead'] = country_info[7].get()yield yq_china# 遍历35个地区for x in range(1, 35):path = self.province_xpath.format(x)path1 = self.province_xpath_1.format(x)province_info = response.xpath(path)province_name = response.xpath(path1)yq_province = YqsjProvinceItem()yq_province['location'] = province_name.get()yq_province['new'] = province_info[0].get()yq_province['exist'] = province_info[1].get()yq_province['total'] = province_info[2].get()yq_province['cure'] = province_info[3].get()yq_province['dead'] = province_info[4].get()yield yq_province

pipeline输出结果文本

将结果按照一定的文本格式输出出来。完整代码：

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapterfrom yqsj.items import YqsjChinaItem, YqsjProvinceItemclass YqsjPipeline:def __init__(self):self.file = open('result.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')def process_item(self, item, spider):if isinstance(item, YqsjChinaItem):self.file.write("国内疫情\n现有确诊\t{}\n无症状\t{}\n现有疑似\t{}\n现有重症\t{}\n累计确诊\t{}\n境外输入\t{}\n累计治愈\t{}\n累计死亡\t{}\n".format(item['exist_diagnosis'],item['asymptomatic'],item['exist_suspecte'],item['exist_severe'],item['cumulative_diagnosis'],item['overseas_input'],item['cumulative_cure'],item['cumulative_dead']))if isinstance(item, YqsjProvinceItem):self.file.write("省份:{}\t新增:{}\t现有:{}\t累计:{}\t治愈:{}\t死亡:{}\n".format(item['location'],item['new'],item['exist'],item['total'],item['cure'],item['dead']))return itemdef close_spider(self, spider):self.file.close()

配置文件改动

直接参考，自行调整：

# Scrapy settings for yqsj project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = 'yqsj'SPIDER_MODULES = ['yqsj.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'yqsj.spiders'# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'yqsj (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0'# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8','Accept-Language': 'en','User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36'
}# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {'yqsj.middlewares.YqsjSpiderMiddleware': 543,
}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {'yqsj.middlewares.YqsjDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {'yqsj.pipelines.YqsjPipeline': 300,
}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

验证结果

看看结果文件

总结

emmmm，闲着无聊，写着玩，没啥好总结的。

申明一下，本文案例仅研究探索使用，不是为了恶意攻击。

修心，亦是修行之一。顺境修力，逆境修心，缺一不可。 ——《剑来》

如果本文对你有作用的话，不要吝啬你的赞，谢谢。

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(Scrapy框架)爬虫获取百度新冠疫情数据 | 爬虫案例

前言

环境部署

插件推荐

爬虫目标

项目创建

webdriver部署

项目代码

Item定义

中间件定义

定义爬虫

pipeline输出结果文本

配置文件改动

验证结果

总结

(Scrapy框架)爬虫获取百度新冠疫情数据 | 爬虫案例相关推荐

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