RabbitMq七种工作模式，结合简单的java实例使用，答应我不要再说你不会RabbitMq了，好吗，宝贝？

文章目录

一、Maven依赖添加
二、七种工作模式的java实例
- 1、简单模式
- - 1.1.1、EasyRecv.java
  - 1.1.2、EasySend.java
  - 1.2.1、RabbitmqConnectionUtil .java
  - 1.2.2、UtilSend.java
  - 1.2.3、UtilRecv.java
- 2、工作队列
- - 2.1.1、Sender1.java
  - 2.1.2、Sender2.java
  - 2.1.3、Receiver1.java
  - 2.1.4、Receiver2.java
  - 2.1.5、结果
- 3、发布/订阅（fanout）
- - 3.1.1、Sender.java
  - 3.1.2、Receiver1.java
  - 3.1.3、Receiver2.java
  - 3.1.4、结果
- 4、路由（direct）
- - 4.1.1、Sender
  - 4.1.2、Receiver1.java
  - 4.1.3、Receiver2.java
  - 4.1.4、结果-总结
- 5、话题（topic）
- - 5.1.1、Sender.java
  - 5.1.2、Receiver1.java
  - 5.1.3、Receiver2.java
  - 5.1.4、结果-分析
- 6、RPC（远程过程调用）
- 7、发布者确认
三、RabbitMq的交换机

一、Maven依赖添加

 <!-- rabbitmq相关依赖 --><dependency><groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId><artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId><version>3.0.4</version></dependency>

二、七种工作模式的java实例

1、简单模式

最简单的一个消费者和一个生成者模式，生产者生成消息，消费者监听消息，若是消费者监听到它所需要的消息，就会消费该消息，这种消息是次性的，被消费了就没有了。

1.1.1、EasyRecv.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;public class EasyRecv {//队列名称private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello world";public static void main(String[] argv) throws java.io.IOException,java.lang.InterruptedException {//打开连接和创建频道，与发送端一样ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();//设置RabbitMQ所在主机ip或者主机名factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");Connection connection = factory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明队列，主要为了防止消息接收者先运行此程序，队列还不存在时创建队列。/*** 队列名* 是否持久化*  是否排外  即只允许该channel访问该队列   一般等于true的话用于一个队列只能有一个消费者来消费的场景*  是否自动删除  消费完删除*  其他属性**/channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);System.out.println("Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");//创建队列消费者QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);//指定消费队列/*** 队列名* 其他属性  路由* 消息body*/channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);while (true){//nextDelivery是一个阻塞方法（内部实现其实是阻塞队列的take方法）QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String message = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("Received '" + message + "'");}}
}

1.1.2、EasySend.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;import java.util.Scanner;public class EasySend {//队列名称private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello world";public static void main(String[] argv) throws java.io.IOException{/*** 创建连接连接到MabbitMQ*/ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();//设置MabbitMQ所在主机ip或者主机名factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");while (true){//创建一个连接Connection connection = factory.newConnection();//创建一个频道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//指定一个队列channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);//发送的消息Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String ms = scanner.nextLine();//String message = "hello world!";//往队列中发出一条消息channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, ms.getBytes());System.out.println("Sent '" + ms + "'");//关闭频道和连接channel.close();connection.close();}}

以上两个已经可以进行通信了，下面同样是简单的实例，但是我们可以看到在代码层面上，连接的代码都是一样的，所以我们可以创建一个连接的工具类。

1.2.1、RabbitmqConnectionUtil .java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;import java.io.IOException;public  class RabbitmqConnectionUtil {public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException {//连接工厂ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.setHost("localhost");//连接5672端口  注意15672为工具界面端口  25672为集群端口factory.setPort(5672);//factory.setVirtualHost("/xxxxx");// factory.setUsername("xxxxxx");// factory.setPassword("123456");//获取连接Connection connection = factory.newConnection();return connection;}
}

1.2.2、UtilSend.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;public class UtilSend {private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "UtilConn";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();//创建通道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明队列channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);//消息内容String message = "这里是lbw广场";channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());System.out.println("[x]Sent '"+message + "'");//最后关闭通关和连接channel.close();connection.close();}
}

1.2.3、UtilRecv.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;public class UtilRecv {private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "UtilConn";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {Connection connection = null;connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();//创建通道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明队列channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,queueingConsumer);while(true){//该方法会阻塞QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();String message = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("[x] Received '"+message+"'");}}
}

2、工作队列

工作队列也就是简单模式的强化版，一个队列是可以多个生产者，也可以有多个消费者来竞争消费消息，但是我们仍需保证队列的幂等性，队列存在就不能再创建同名队列。

下面的每个进程都控制其主线程休眠，让我们可以更好的看到结果。

2.1.1、Sender1.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;public class Sender1 {private final  static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){String message = "lbw" + i;channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message + "'");Thread.sleep(i*10);}channel.close();connection.close();}
}

2.1.2、Sender2.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;public class Sender2 {private final  static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){String message = "nb" + i;channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message + "'");Thread.sleep(i*10);}channel.close();connection.close();}
}

2.1.3、Receiver1.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;/*** Created by san*/
public class Receiver1 {private final static  String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false, false,null);//同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者channel.basicQos(1);QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);//关于手工确认 待之后有时间研究下channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);while(true){QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String message = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("[x] Received1 '"+message+"'");Thread.sleep(10);//返回确认状态channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}
}

2.1.4、Receiver2.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;/*** Created by san*/
public class Receiver2 {private final static  String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false, false,null);//同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者channel.basicQos(1);QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);while(true){QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String message = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("[x] Received2 '"+message+"'");Thread.sleep(1000);//返回确认状态channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}
}

2.1.5、结果

上面的四个程序都运行起来，结果可以看到如下，依据结果分析，可知，同一个消息队列，是可以有多个生产者和消费者的。

3、发布/订阅（fanout）

3.1.1、Sender.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;public class Sender {private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";public static void main(String[] args){try{//获取连接Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();//从连接中获取一个通道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明交换机（分发:发布/订阅模式）channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");//发送消息for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){String message = "卢本伟广场" + i;System.out.println("[send]：" + message);//发送消息channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes("utf-8"));Thread.sleep(5 * i);}channel.close();connection.close();}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}}

3.1.2、Receiver1.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;public class Receiver1 {//交换机名称private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";//队列名称private static final String QUEUE_NAME    = "test_queue_email";public static void main(String[] args){try{//获取连接Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();//从连接中获取一个通道final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明交换机（分发:发布/订阅模式）channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");//声明队列channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);//将队列绑定到交换机channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");//保证一次只分发一个int prefetchCount = 1;channel.basicQos(prefetchCount);//定义消费者DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){//当消息到达时执行回调方法@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties,byte[] body) throws IOException{String message = new String(body, "utf-8");System.out.println("[email] Receive message：" + message);try{//消费者休息2s处理业务Thread.sleep(1000);}catch (InterruptedException e){e.printStackTrace();}finally{System.out.println("[1] done");//手动应答channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);}}};//设置手动应答boolean autoAck = false;//监听队列channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);}catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}}
}

3.1.3、Receiver2.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;public class Receiver2 {//交换机名称private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";//队列名称private static final String QUEUE_NAME    = "test_queue_phone";public static void main(String[] args){try{//获取连接Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();//从连接中获取一个通道final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明交换机（分发:发布/订阅模式）channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");//声明队列channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);//将队列绑定到交换机channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");//保证一次只分发一个int prefetchCount = 1;channel.basicQos(prefetchCount);//定义消费者DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){//当消息到达时执行回调方法@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties,byte[] body) throws IOException{String message = new String(body, "utf-8");System.out.println("[phone] Receive message：" + message);try{//消费者休息1s处理业务Thread.sleep(1000);}catch (InterruptedException e){e.printStackTrace();}finally{System.out.println("[2] done");//手动应答channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);}}};//设置手动应答boolean autoAck = false;//监听队列channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);}catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}}
}

3.1.4、结果

从程序运行结果和RabbitMq的后台看出，这样的消息属于广播型，两个不同名的队列的都能收到该消息，只需它们都将自己绑定到同一个交换机,而且，该消息是持久的，只要交换机还在，消费者啥时候上线都能消费它所绑定的交换机，而且只会一个消费者只会消费一次。

4、路由（direct）

在前面的示例中，我们已经在创建绑定。您可能会想起类似的代码：

channel.queueBind（queueName，EXCHANGE_NAME，“”）;

绑定是交换和队列之间的关系。可以简单地理解为：队列对来自此交换的消息感兴趣。

绑定可以采用额外的routingKey参数。为了避免与basic_publish参数混淆，我们将其称为绑定键。这是我们可以创建带有键的绑定的方法：

channel.queueBind（queueName，EXCHANGE_NAME，“ black”）;

直接绑定(密钥直接绑定到单个队列)
多重绑定（相同的绑定密钥绑定多个队列）
不同密钥绑定不同的队列，可以发挥出不同日志级别发送到不同的队列的效果。

4.1.1、Sender

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;public class Sender {private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,EXCHANGE_TYPE);String message = "那一定是蓝色";channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2", null, message.getBytes());System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message+"'");channel.close();connection.close();}
}

4.1.2、Receiver1.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;/*** Created by san*/
public class Receiver1 {private final  static  String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing";private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {// 获取到连接以及mq通道Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false,false,null);channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key");channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2");channel.basicQos(1);QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);while(true){QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String message = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("[x] Received1 "+message);Thread.sleep(10);channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}
}

4.1.3、Receiver2.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;/*** Created by san*/
public class Receiver2 {private final  static  String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing2";private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {// 获取到连接以及mq通道Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false,false,null);channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2");channel.basicQos(1);QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);while(true){QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String message = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("[x] Received2 "+message);Thread.sleep(10);channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}
}

4.1.4、结果-总结

有一点要注意是：在direct下，必须是Exchange（交换机）已经存在，消费端的队列才能绑定到Exchange，否则会报错。也就说上面的程序第一次运行时，需先启Sender，才能成功启动Reciver。

5、话题（topic）

话题也是一个持久的消息，只要交换机还在，每个上线的消费者都可以消费一次自己感兴趣的topic。

*（星号）可以代替一个单词。
＃（哈希）可以替代零个或多个单词。

5.1.1、Sender.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;public class Sender {private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);//消息内容String message = "这里是卢本伟广场";//第二个参数是topic匹配值channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"lbw.nb",null,message.getBytes());System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message+"'");//关通道 关连接channel.close();connection.close();}
}

5.1.2、Receiver1.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;public class Receiver1 {private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic";private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false,false, null);//第二参数就是去匹配我兴趣的topicchannel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "lbw.nb.*");channel.basicQos(1);QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);while(true){QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String message = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("[x] Received1 '"+message + "'");Thread.sleep(10);channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}
}

5.1.3、Receiver2.java

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;import java.io.IOException;public class Receiver2 {private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic2";private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false,false, null);//第二参数就是去匹配我兴趣的topicchannel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "lbw.#");channel.basicQos(1);QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);while(true){QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String message = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("[x] Received2 '"+message + "'");Thread.sleep(10);channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}
}

5.1.4、结果-分析

话题的特色就是队列可以获取自己感兴趣的话题消息，可以通过通配符*或#来表示匹配所有的感兴趣的字符串。

6、RPC（远程过程调用）

给张图自己体会吧（官网没给示例代码，我也就不写了），就是通过两个交换机实现一个可回调的过程吧。

7、发布者确认

官网没给画图，哭了。

三、RabbitMq的交换机

RabbitMq是有一个交换机的概念的，消息(Message)由Client发送，RabbitMQ接收到消息之后通过交换机转发到对应的队列上面。Worker会从队列中获取未被读取的数据处理。这样就可以实现消息的发送者无需知道消息使用者的存在，反之亦然。
Direct exchange：直连（路由）交换机，转发消息到routigKey指定的队列

Fanout exchange：扇形交换机，转发消息到所有绑定队列（相当于广播）

Topic exchange：主题交换机，按规则转发消息（很灵活）

Headers exchange：首部交换机

前面的简单类型我们都是忽略了交换机的参数的，如该方法：channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());就是这个方法的第一个参数，置空说明使用了默认的交换机。
有几种交换类型可用：direct，topic，headers 和fanout。