最理想的情况是开启redo日志实时传输，可利用备库来修复主库的坏块：

查看DG模式：

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

主库

SQL> select file_id, block_id, blocks from dba_extents where owner = 'LILC' and segment_name = 'EMP';FILE_ID   BLOCK_ID  BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ----------6 6528       8
SQL> select min(rowid), max(rowid) from EMP;
MIN(ROWID)   MAX(ROWID)
------------------ ------------------
AAAVrKAAGAAABmDAAA AAAVrKAAGAAABmDAAN

自动段空间管理的数据是从第四个块开始。
可以通过dbms_rowid验证一下。

SQL> select DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER('AAAVrKAAGAAABmDAAA') min_block, DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER('AAAVrKAAGAAABmDAAN') max_block from dual;MIN_BLOCK  MAX_BLOCK
---------- ----------6531 6531

在构造坏块前，用dbv检查file# 6

主库：

[oracle@cwogg ~]$ dbv userid=grid/grid file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Sep 22 21:09:04 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = +DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined         : 655360
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 7494
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 1200
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 646162
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 504
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 0 (0.0)

备库：

[oracle@dg ~]$ dbv userid=grid/grid file=+DATA/mecbs/datafile/llc.258.891103925
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Sep 22 21:11:16 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = +DATA/mecbs/datafile/llc.258.891103925
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined         : 655360
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 7494
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 1200
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 646162
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 504
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 0 (0.0)

把主库的备份删掉：

RMAN> list backup of database;
specification does not match any backup in the repository

主库构造坏块：

RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 6531 clear;
Starting recover at 22-SEP-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
Finished recover at 22-SEP-15
RMAN> backup check logical validate datafile 6;
Starting backup at 22-SEP-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=198 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=11 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
6    FAILED 0              504          655364          1906190   File Name: +DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbfBlock Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed---------- -------------- ----------------Data       1              7494            Index      0              1200            Other      0              646162
validate found one or more corrupt blocks
See trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/trace/PHUB_ora_13272.trc for details
Finished backup at 22-SEP-15

alert日志

Hex dump of (file 6, block 6531) in trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/trace/PHUB_ora_13272.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531)
Bad check value found during validation
Data in bad block:type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01801983last change scn: 0x0000.0010a27d seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0consistency value in tail: 0xa27d0601check value in block header: 0x6bc3computed block checksum: 0x2230
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Tue Sep 22 21:22:25 2015
Checker run found 1 new persistent data failures

因为没有备份，所以尝试从备库自动修复：

RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 6531;
Starting recover at 22-SEP-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=198 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=13 device type=DISK
finished standby search, restored 1 blocks
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 22-SEP-15
RMAN> backup check logical validate datafile 6;
Starting backup at 22-SEP-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
6    OK     0              504          655364          1906190   File Name: +DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbfBlock Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed---------- -------------- ----------------Data       0              7494            Index      0              1200            Other      0              646162
Finished backup at 22-SEP-15

==修复成功===

再次构造坏块,重启主库：

RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 6531 clear;
Starting recover at 22-SEP-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
Finished recover at 22-SEP-15
[oracle@cwogg ~]$ dbv userid=grid/grid file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Sep 22 21:34:43 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = +DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf
Page 6531 is marked corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531)
Bad check value found during dbv:
Data in bad block:type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01801983last change scn: 0x0000.0010a27d seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0consistency value in tail: 0xa27d0601check value in block header: 0x6bc3computed block checksum: 0x47c2
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined         : 655360
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 7493
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 1200
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 646162
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 504
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 1
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 0 (0.0)

备库数据文件完好：

[oracle@dg ~]$ dbv userid=grid/grid file=+DATA/mecbs/datafile/llc.258.891103925
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Sep 22 21:34:43 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = +DATA/mecbs/datafile/llc.258.891103925
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined         : 655360
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 7494
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 1200
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 646162
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 504
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 0 (0.0)

重启主库：

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes
Fixed Size    2257840 bytes
Variable Size  511708240 bytes
Database Buffers  314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers    6565888 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

alert日志：

db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4182 MB is 29.65% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Tue Sep 22 21:39:57 2015
Hex dump of (file 6, block 6531) in trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/trace/PHUB_ora_13853.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531)
Bad check value found during buffer read
Data in bad block:type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01801983last change scn: 0x0000.0010a27d seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0consistency value in tail: 0xa27d0601check value in block header: 0x6bc3computed block checksum: 0x47c2
Reading datafile '+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf' for corruption at rdba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531)
Reread (file 6, block 6531) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
Starting background process ABMR
Tue Sep 22 21:39:57 2015
ABMR started with pid=40, OS id=13868
Automatic block media recovery service is active.
Automatic block media recovery requested for (file# 6, block# 6531)
Tue Sep 22 21:39:58 2015
Automatic block media recovery successful for (file# 6, block# 6531)
Automatic block media recovery successful for (file# 6, block# 6531)

=======在日志实时应用的情况下可以自动修复主库的坏块====

2.改变备库日志应用方式：

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 6531 clear;
Starting recover at 22-SEP-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=202 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=11 device type=DISK
Finished recover at 22-SEP-15
alert日志：
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
RMAN> backup check logical validate datafile 6;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes
Fixed Size    2257840 bytes
Variable Size  511708240 bytes
Database Buffers  314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers    6565888 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> conn lilc/lilc
Connected.
SQL> select * from emp;
select * from emp*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 6531)
ORA-01110: data file 6: '+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf'--查询报错

alter日志：

Reading datafile '+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf' for corruption at rdba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531)
Reread (file 6, block 6531) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/trace/PHUB_ora_14390.trc  (incident=28985):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 6531)
ORA-01110: data file 6: '+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf'
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/incident/incdir_28985/PHUB_ora_14390_i28985.trc
Tue Sep 22 21:54:02 2015
Corrupt Block FoundTSN = 7, TSNAME = LLCRFN = 6, BLK = 6531, RDBA = 25172355OBJN = 88778, OBJD = 88778, OBJECT = EMP, SUBOBJECT = SEGMENT OWNER = LILC, SEGMENT TYPE = Table Segment
Tue Sep 22 21:54:06 2015
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20150922215406], requested by (instance=1, osid=14390), summary=[incident=28985].
Tue Sep 22 21:54:08 2015
Sweep [inc][28985]: completed
Hex dump of (file 6, block 6531) in trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/incident/incdir_28985/PHUB_m000_14420_i28985_a.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531)
Bad check value found during validation
Data in bad block:type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01801983last change scn: 0x0000.0010a27d seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0consistency value in tail: 0xa27d0601check value in block header: 0x6bc3computed block checksum: 0xbacb
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data
Tue Sep 22 21:56:03 2015
alter database recover datafile list clear
Completed: alter database recover datafile list clear

修复办法一（通过RMAN和或者从备库修复）：

[oracle@cwogg ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Sep 22 21:55:49 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PHUB (DBID=536511065)
RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 6531;
Starting recover at 22-SEP-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=72 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=12 device type=DISK
finished standby search, restored 1 blocks
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 22-SEP-15

修复办法二：

停备库，从备库得到最新的llc.258.891103925.dbf，改名为llc.258.891103925.dbf.bak传到主库

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
Database altered.
[oracle@dg ~]$ sqlplus  / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Sep 22 22:27:43 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

这次尝试把开启日志实时传输，看能否修复：

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.

查询仍然报错：

SQL> select * from emp;
select * from emp              *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 6531)
ORA-01110: data file 6: '+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf'

那用RMAN修复：

[grid@dg tmp]$ scp LLC.258.891103925 172.16.30.227:/tmp/
The authenticity of host '172.16.30.227 (172.16.30.227)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is ad:9e:4c:ce:16:45:ff:a2:19:52:e7:dd:d9:39:7b:a8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.16.30.227' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
grid@172.16.30.227's password:
LLC.258.891103925                                       100% 5120MB  28.6MB/s   02:59
[root@cwogg ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /tmp/LLC.258.891103925
[root@cwogg ~]# mv /tmp/LLC.258.891103925 /tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak
[root@cwogg ~]# ls -l /tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5368717312 Sep 22 22:15 /tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak
RMAN> catalog datafilecopy '/tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak';
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak RECID=3 STAMP=891123793
RMAN> list copy of database;
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key     File S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
3       6    A 22-SEP-15       1911293    22-SEP-15      Name: /tmp/LLC01.dbf.bakTag: TAG20150922T165212
RMAN> blockrecover datafile 6 block 6531;
Starting recover at 22-SEP-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
searching flashback logs for block p_w_picpaths until SCN 1911293
finished flashback log search, restored 0 blocks
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s) from datafile copy /tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 22-SEP-15

查询数据（正常）

SQL> select count(*) from emp;COUNT(*)
----------
14

启动备库

总结：如果没有备库的情况下，一定要定期备份，保证数据库的恢复性，不要裸奔！

=====end======================