DB2常用SQL的写法(持续更新中...)

-- Author: lavasoft

-- Date  :  2006-12-14

-- 创建一个自定义单值类型

create  distinct type var_newtype

as decimal(5,2) with comparisons;

-- var_newtype 类型名

-- decimal(5,2) 实际的类型

-- 删除一个自定义单值类型

drop distinct type var_newtype;

-- 创建一个自定义结构数据类型

create type my_type as(

username varchar(20),

department integer,

salary decimal(10,2))

not final

mode db2sql;

-- 修改自定义结构数据类型,我目前还没有发现删除属性的方法.

alter type my_type

add attribute hiredate date;

-- 删除自定义结构数据类型

drop type my_type;

-- 获取系统当前日期

select current date from sysibm.sysdummy1;

select current time from sysibm.sysdummy1;

select current timestamp from sysibm.sysdummy1;

--sysibm.sysdummy1表是一个特殊的内存中的表，用它可以发现如上面演示的 DB2 寄存器的值。您也可以使用关键字 VALUES 来对寄存器或表达式求值。

VALUES current date;

VALUES current time;

VALUES current timestamp;

-- VALUES的更多用法

VALUES 2+5;

VALUES 'hello lavasoft!';

values 56

union all

values 45;

values 1,2,3,4,5,6

union all

values 7,8,9,10,11,12

order by 1;

-- 更多变态级DB2 SQL写法,AnyOneTable表示任意一个存在的表

select 234 from AnyOneTable;

select distinct 234 from AnyOneTable;

select distinct 234 as 1 from AnyOneTable;

select 'DB2变态级的SQL哈哈' from AnyOneTable;

select distinct 'DB2变态级的SQL哈哈' from AnyOneTable;

select distinct 'DB2变态级的SQL哈哈' as 1 from AnyOneTable;

--(嘿嘿,好玩吧,你可以用任意一个表来当sysibm.sysdummy1用.不过不推荐这么做,除非你不记得sysibm.sysdummy1怎么写了,Oracle中(对应dual)也一样!哈哈哈哈!)

-- 定义变量,还可以设定默认值,给变量赋值

declare var1 char(2);

declare var2 int default 0;

set var1 = 'aa';

set var2 =23;

--创建一个动态游标变量

declare d_cur integer;

-- 给变量赋值的另一种方法

values expr1, expr2, expr3 into a, b, c;

-- 相当于

set a = expr1;

set b = expr2;

set c = expr3;

-- 还有一种赋值方式

set prodname = (case

when (name is not null) then name

when (namestr is not null) then namestr

else  defaultname

end);

-- 相当于

set prodname = coalesce(name, namestr, defaultname);

--这个类似oracle的decode()和nvl()函数的合并.

-- 定义一个游标

declare cur1 cursor with return to client for select * from dm_hy;

declare cur2 cursor for select * from dm_hy; -- 静态游标

-- 创建数据表,并添加注释,插入数据.

CREATE TABLE tbr_catalog (

id bigint  not null  generated by default as identity,

type smallint not null,

name varchar(255),

parentid bigint,

cataloglevel bigint,

description varchar(255),

PRIMARY KEY  (id)

);

comment on table tbr_catalog is 'Birt报表目录表';

comment on column tbr_catalog.ID is '标识';

comment on column tbr_catalog.type is '目录类型';

comment on column tbr_catalog.name is '目录名称';

comment on column tbr_catalog.parentid is '目录父标识';

comment on column tbr_catalog.cataloglevel is '目录层次';

comment on column tbr_catalog.description is '目录描述';

-- 给数据表插入数据

insert into tbr_catalog(id, type, name, parentid, cataloglevel, description)

values (1, 0, '系统报表', 0, 0, '');

insert into tbr_catalog(id, type, name, parentid, cataloglevel, description)

values (2, 1, '用户报表', 0, 0, '');

-- 创建外键

alter table tbr_storage

add constraint fk_tbr_storage

foreign key (catalogid)

references tbr_catalog(id);

-- 更改表,添加列

alter table aaa add sex varchar(1);

-- 更改表,删除列

alter table aaa drop column sex;

-- 去掉参数前后的空格

rtrim(dm_hy.mc);

-- 定义临时表,通过已有person表来创建

declare global temporary table gbl_temp

like person

on commit delete rows --提交时删除数据

not logged -- 不在日志中纪录

in usr_tbsp -- 选用表空间

-- 此语句创建一个名为 gbl_temp 的用户临时表。定义此用户临时表 所使用的列的名称和说明与 person 的列的名称和说明完全相同。

-- 创建有两个字段的临时表

-- 定义一个全局临时表tmp_hy

declare global temporary table session.tmp_hy

(

dm varchar(10),

mc varchar(10)

)

with replace -- 如果存在此临时表，则替换

not logged;  -- 不在日志里纪录

-- 给临时表插入三条数据

insert into session.tmp_hy values('1','1');

insert into session.tmp_hy values('1','1');

insert into session.tmp_hy values('1','1');

-- 通过查询批量插入数据

inster into tab_bk(select code,name from table book);

-- select ... into的用法

select * into :h1, :h2, :h3, :h4

from emp

where empno = '528671';

-- 语句的流程控制

if() then

open cur1

fetch cur1 into t_equipid;

while(at_end<>1)do

......

set t_temp=0;

end while;

close cur1;

else

......

end if;

-- 外连接

select empno,deptname,projname

from (emplyoee

left outer join project

on respemp=empon)

left outer join department

on mgrno=empno;

-- in、like、order by(... ASC|DESC)的用法

select * from book t

where t.name like '%J_编程%'

and t.code in('J565333','J565222');

order by t.name asc

-- 汇总表(概念复杂，难以理解，不常用)

create summary table sumy_stable1

as (select workdept,

count(*) as reccount,

sum(salary) as salary,

sum(bonus) as bonus

from employee group by workdept)

data initially deferred

refresh immediate;

-- 使用SQL一次处理一个集合语义

-- (优化前) select语句中每行的过程层和数据流层之间都有一个上下文切换

declare cur1 cursor for col1,col2 from tab_comp;

open cur1;

fetch cur1 into v1,v2;

while SQLCODE<> 100 do

if (v1>20) then

insert into tab_sel values(20,v1);

else

insert into tab_sel values(v1,v2);

end if;

fetch cur1 into v1,v2;

end while;

-- (优化后)没有过程层和数据流层之间的上下文切换

declare cur1 cursor for col1,col2 from tab_comp;

open cur1;

fetch cur1 into v1,v2;

while SQLCODE<> 100 do

insert into tab_sel(select (case

when col1>20 then 20

else col1

end),

col2

from tab_comp);

fetch cur1 into v1,v2;

end while;

-- DB2函数分三类：列函数、标量函数、表函数

-- 列函数输入一组数据，输出单一结果。

-- 标量函数接收一个值，返回另外一个值。

-- 表函数只能用于SQL语句的from字句中，它返回一个表的列，类似于一个已创建的常规表。

-- 下面是个标量函数的例子。

create function (salary int,bonus_percent int)

returns int

language SQL contains SQL

return(

salary * bonus_percent/100

)

-- 下面是表函数

create function get_marks(begin_range int,end_range int)

returns table(cid candidate_id,

number test_id,

score score)

language SQL reads SQL DATA

return

select cid,number,score

from test_taken

where salary between (begin_range) and score(end_range)

example 1: define a scalar function that returns the tangent of a value using the existing sine and cosine functions.

create function tan (x double)

returns double

language sql

contains sql

no external action

deterministic

return sin(x)/cos(x)

example 2: define a transform function for the structured type person.

create function fromperson (p person)

returns row (name varchar(10), firstname varchar(10))

language sql

contains sql

no external action

deterministic

return values (p..name, p..firstname)

example 3: define a table function that returns the employees in a specified department number.

create function deptemployees (deptno char(3))

returns table (empno char(6),

lastname varchar(15),

firstname varchar(12))

language sql

reads sql data

no external action

deterministic

return

select empno, lastname, firstnme

from employee

where employee.workdept = deptemployees.deptno

example 4: define a scalar function that reverses a string.

create function reverse(instr varchar(4000))

returns varchar(4000)

deterministic no external action contains sql

begin atomic

declare revstr, reststr varchar(4000) default '';

declare len int;

if instr is null then

return null;

end if;

set (reststr, len) = (instr, length(instr));

while len > 0 do

set (revstr, reststr, len)

= (substr(reststr, 1, 1) concat revstr,

substr(reststr, 2, len - 1),

len - 1);

end while;

return revstr;

end

example 4: define the table function from example 4 with auditing.

create function deptemployees (deptno char(3))

returns table (empno char(6),

lastname varchar(15),

firstname varchar(12))

language sql

modifies sql data

no external action

deterministic

begin atomic

insert into audit

values (user,

'table: employee prd: deptno = ' concat deptno);

return

select empno, lastname, firstnme

from employee

where employee.workdept = deptemployees.deptno

end

-- for循环语句的用法

begin atomic

declare fullname char(40);

for vl as

select firstnme, midinit, lastname from employee

do

set fullname = lastname concat ','

concat firstnme concat ' ' concat midinit;

insert into tnames values (fullname);

end for

end

-- leave的用法

create procedure leave_loop(out counter integer)

language sql

begin

declare v_counter integer;

declare v_firstnme varchar(12);

declare v_midinit char(1);

declare v_lastname varchar(15);

declare at_end smallint default 0;

declare not_found condition for sqlstate '02000';

declare c1 cursor for

select firstnme, midinit, lastname

from employee;

declare continue handler for not_found

set at_end = 1;

set v_counter = 0;

open c1;

fetch_loop:

loop

fetch c1 into v_firstnme, v_midinit, v_lastname;

if at_end <> 0 then leave fetch_loop;

end if;

set v_counter = v_counter + 1;

end loop fetch_loop;

set counter = v_counter;

close c1;

end

-- if语句的用法

create procedure update_salary_if

(in employee_number char(6), inout rating smallint)

language sql

begin

declare not_found condition for sqlstate '02000';

declare exit handler for not_found

set rating = -1;

if rating = 1

then update employee

set salary = salary * 1.10, bonus = 1000

where empno = employee_number;

elseif rating = 2

then update employee

set salary = salary * 1.05, bonus = 500

where empno = employee_number;

else update employee

set salary = salary * 1.03, bonus = 0

where empno = employee_number;

end if;

end

-- loop的用法

create procedure loop_until_space(out counter integer)

language sql

begin

declare v_counter integer default 0;

declare v_firstnme varchar(12);

declare v_midinit char(1);

declare v_lastname varchar(15);

declare c1 cursor for

select firstnme, midinit, lastname

from employee;

declare continue handler for not found

set counter = -1;

open c1;

fetch_loop:

loop

fetch c1 into v_firstnme, v_midinit, v_lastname;

if v_midinit = ' ' then

leave fetch_loop;

end if;

set v_counter = v_counter + 1;

end loop fetch_loop;

set counter = v_counter;

close c1;

end

-- return的用法

begin

...

goto fail

...

success: return 0

fail: return -200

end

-- set变量 的用法

set new_var.salary = 10000, new_var.comm = new_var.salary;

or:

set (new_var.salary, new_var.comm) = (10000, new_var.salary);

set (new_var.salary, new_var.comm)

= (select avg(salary), avg(comm)

from employee e

where e.workdept = new_var.workdept);

-- whenever的用法

exec sql whenever sqlerror goto handlerr;

exec sql whenever sqlwarning continue;

exec sql whenever not found go to enddata;

-- while的用法

create procedure dept_median

(in deptnumber smallint, out mediansalary double)

language sql

begin

declare v_numrecords integer default 1;

declare v_counter integer default 0;

declare c1 cursor for

select cast(salary as double)

from staff

where dept = deptnumber

order by salary;

declare exit handler for not found

set mediansalary = 6666;

set mediansalary = 0;

select count(*) into v_numrecords

from staff

where dept = deptnumber;

open c1;

while v_counter < (v_numrecords / 2 + 1) do

fetch c1 into mediansalary;

set v_counter = v_counter + 1;

end while;

close c1;

end

-- set schema的用法

set schema rick

-- DB2保留关键字

add                deterministic  leave         restart

after              disallow       left          restrict

alias              disconnect     like          result

all                distinct       linktype      result_set_locator

allocate           do             local         return

allow              double         locale        returns

alter              drop           locator       revoke

and                dsnhattr       locators      right

any                dssize         lock          rollback

application        dynamic        lockmax       routine

as                 each           locksize      row

associate          editproc       long          rows

asutime            else           loop          rrn

audit              elseif         maxvalue      run

authorization      encoding       microsecond   savepoint

aux                end            microseconds  schema

auxiliary          end-exec       minute        scratchpad

before             end-exec1      minutes       second

begin              erase          minvalue      seconds

between            escape         mode          secqty

binary             except         modifies      security

bufferpool         exception      month         select

by                 excluding      months        sensitive

cache              execute        new           set

call               exists         new_table     signal

called             exit           no            simple

capture            external       nocache       some

cardinality        fenced         nocycle       source

cascaded           fetch          nodename      specific

case               fieldproc      nodenumber    sql

cast               file           nomaxvalue    sqlid

ccsid              final          nominvalue    standard

char               for            noorder       start

character          foreign        not           static

check              free           null          stay

close              from           nulls         stogroup

cluster            full           numparts      stores

collection         function       obid          style

collid             general        of            subpages

column             generated      old           substring

comment            get            old_table     synonym

commit             global         on            sysfun

concat             go             open          sysibm

condition          goto           optimization  sysproc

connect            grant          optimize      system

connection         graphic        option        table

constraint         group          or            tablespace

contains           handler        order         then

continue           having         out           to

count              hold           outer         transaction

count_big          hour           overriding    trigger

create             hours          package       trim

cross              identity       parameter     type

current            if             part          undo

current_date       immediate      partition     union

current_lc_ctype   in             path          unique

current_path       including      piecesize     until

current_server     increment      plan          update

current_time       index          position      usage

current_timestamp  indicator      precision     user

current_timezone   inherit        prepare       using

current_user       inner          primary       validproc

cursor             inout          priqty        values

cycle              insensitive    privileges    variable

data               insert         procedure     variant

database           integrity      program       vcat

day                into           psid          view

days               is             queryno       volumes

db2general         isobid         read          when

db2genrl           isolation      reads         where

db2sql             iterate        recovery      while

dbinfo             jar            references    with

declare            java           referencing   wlm

default            join           release       write

defaults           key            rename        year

definition         label          repeat        years

delete             language       reset

descriptor         lc_ctype       resignal

-- SQL99关键字

absolute       describe        module      session

action         destroy         names       session_user

admin          destructor      national    sets

aggregate      diagnostics     natural     size

are            dictionary      nchar       smallint

array          domain          nclob       space

asc            equals          next        specifictype

assertion      every           none        sqlexception

at             exec            numeric     sqlstate

bit            false           object      sqlwarning

blob           first           off         state

boolean        float           only        statement

both           found           operation   structure

breadth        grouping        ordinality  system_user

cascade        host            output      temporary

catalog        ignore          pad         terminate

class          initialize      parameters  than

clob           initially       partial     time

collate        input           postfix     timestamp

collation      int             prefix      timezone_hour

completion     integer         preorder    timezone_minute

constraints    intersect       preserve    trailing

constructor    interval        prior       translation

corresponding  large           public      treat

cube           last            real        true

current_role   lateral         recursive   under

date           leading         ref         unknown

deallocate     less            relative    unnest

dec            level           role        value

decimal        limit           rollup      varchar

deferrable     localtime       scope       varying

deferred       localtimestamp  scroll      whenever

depth          map             search      without

deref          match           section     work

desc           modify          sequence    zone

--create type (结构化的)用法

create type dept as

(dept name     varchar(20),

max_emps int)

ref using int

mode db2sql

create type emp as

(name      varchar(32),

serialnum int,

dept      ref(dept),

salary    decimal(10,2))

mode db2sql

create type mgr under emp as

(bonus     decimal(10,2))

mode db2sql

create type address_t as

(street     varchar(30),

number     char(15),

city       varchar(30),

state      varchar(10))

not final

mode db2sql

method samezip (addr address_t)

returns integer

language sql

deterministic

contains sql

no external action,

method distance (address_t)

returns float

language c

deterministic

parameter style sql

no sql

no external action

create type germany_addr_t under address_t as

(family_name varchar(30))

not final

mode db2sql

create type us_addr_t under address_t as

(zip varchar(10))

not final

mode db2sql

create type project as

(proj_name  varchar(20),

proj_id    integer,

proj_mgr   mgr,

proj_lead  emp,

location   addr_t,

avail_date date)

mode db2sql

-- create type mapping的用法

create type mapping my_oracle_date

from local type sysibm.date

to server type oracle

remote type date

create type mapping my_oracle_dec

from local type sysibm.decimal(10,2)

to server oracle1

remote type number([10..38],2)

create type mapping my_oracle_char

from local type sysibm.varchar()

to server oracle1

remote type char()

create type mapping my_oracle_dec

to local type sysibm.decimal(10,2)

from server oracle2

remote type number(10,2)

-- create user mapping的用法

create user mapping for rspalten

server server390

options

(remote_authid 'system',

remote_password 'manager')

create user mapping for marcr

server oracle1

options

(remote_password 'nzxczy')

-- case的用法

case v_workdept

when'a00'

then update department

set deptname = 'data access 1';

when 'b01'

then update department

set deptname = 'data access 2';

else update department

set deptname = 'data access 3';

end case

case

when v_workdept = 'a00'

then update department

set deptname = 'data access 1';

when v_workdept = 'b01'

then update department

set deptname = 'data access 2';

else update department

set deptname = 'data access 3';

end case

-- create trigger的用法

create trigger new_hired

after insert on employee

for each row

update company_stats set nbemp = nbemp + 1

create trigger former_emp

after delete on employee

for each row

update company_stats set nbemp = nbemp - 1

create trigger reorder

after update of on_hand, max_stocked on parts

referencing new as n

for each row

when (n.on_hand < 0.10 * n.max_stocked)

begin atomic

values(issue_ship_request(n.max_stocked - n.on_hand, n.partno));

end

create trigger raise_limit

after update of salary on employee

referencing new as n old as o

for each row

when (n.salary > 1.1 * o.salary)

signal sqlstate '75000' set message_text='salary increase>10%'

create trigger stock_status

no cascade before update of quote on currentquote

referencing new as newquote old as oldquote

for each row

begin atomic

set newquote.status =

case

when newquote.quote >

(select max(quote) from quotehistory

where symbol = newquote.symbol

and year(quote_timestamp) = year(current date) )

then 'high'

when newquote.quote < (select min(quote) from quotehistory

where symbol = newquote.symbol

and year(quote_timestamp) = year(current date) )

then 'low'

when newquote.quote > oldquote.quote

then 'rising'

when newquote.quote < oldquote.quote

then 'dropping'

when newquote.quote = oldquote.quote

then 'steady'

end;

end

create trigger record_history

after update of quote on currentquote

referencing new as newquote

for each row

begin atomic

insert into quotehistory

values (newquote.symbol, newquote.quote, current timestamp);

end

-- create tablespace 的用法

create tablespace payroll

managed by database

using (device'/dev/rhdisk6' 10000,

device '/dev/rhdisk7' 10000,

device '/dev/rhdisk8' 10000)

overhead 12.67

transferrate 0.18

create tablespace accounting

managed by system

using ('d:\acc_tbsp', 'e:\acc_tbsp', 'f:\acc_tbsp')

extentsize 64

prefetchsize 32

create tablespace plans

managed by database

using (device '/dev/rhdisk0' 10000, device '/dev/rn1hd01' 40000)

on dbpartitionnum (1)

using (device '/dev/rhdisk0' 10000, device '/dev/rn3hd03' 40000)

on dbpartitionnum (3)

using (device '/dev/rhdisk0' 10000, device '/dev/rn5hd05' 40000)

on dbpartitionnum (5)

-- 带case查询条件语句

select (case b.organtypecode

when 'D' then

b.parent

when 'S' then

b.parent

else

b.id

end),

b.name

from A_ORGAN b

where b.id = 999

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